Polymeric Foams published by BCC Research in August, 2010. This report consists of 252 Pages and the price starts from US $ 4850.
Abstract
- BCC Research forecasts an overall compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of
about 2.5% for all foams produced from commercial plastics for the period
2010-2015. This market is valued at 7.5 billion pounds in 2010 and is expected
to reach nearly 8.6 billion pounds in 2015.
- Polyolefins, both polyethylenes and polypropylene foams, have a growing
market of about 443 million pounds in 2010. A higher compound annual growth
rate (CAGR) of 2.8%, and a value of 509 million pounds, is forecast for 2015,
based on increasing demand for cross-linked polyethylene foams in several
applications.
- Polyurethane (PUR) foams, both flexible foams used primarily for
cushioning and rigid foams used mostly for thermal insulation, have the
largest market, 3.9 billion pounds in 2010, with a predicted compound annual
growth rate (CAGR) of 2.6% to 4.4 billion pounds in 2015.
INTRODUCTION
STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
In the roughly 8 years since BCC Research' s last study on the polymeric foams
industry, significant changes have continued to occur in this major segment of
the plastics production and processing industry. Products and markets change
as technology and society change. Polymer foams find their primary
applications in consumer products, such as cushioning for furniture and
automobiles, thermal insulation for construction and packaging, and similar
end uses that are driven by the business cycle.
Most of the markets for plastic foams are the same ones that existed a few
years ago; however, there have also developed some newer markets, such as
cross-linked polyolefin foam in leisure and sports goods and foamed PVC in
house siding, windows/doors, and other construction shapes. A more recent
development is work on foams made from biopolymers and biodegradable polymers,
work done in concert with efforts to reduce the country' s dependency on
petroleum and natural gas, the feedstocks for the plastics that are currently
foamed.
Polymers are foamed for cost and performance advantages. Foamed plastics are
lighter than nonfoamed articles made from the same resin; they require less
resin and therefore achieve lower costs. Equally or more important, foamed
plastics have properties different from nonfoamed ones, properties that often
are advantageous and not attainable with nonfoamed plastics. The insulating
and cushioning qualities of the gas bubbles in a foamed article are obvious
attributes, but less obvious is the fact that a foamed article is often
stronger than its nonfoamed analog. Thus structural shapes and forms, such as
piping and wall siding, can be stronger when foamed.
Markets are driven by different forces. Market drivers in recent years that
have caused the most significant changes have often been environmental and
public perception issues. Such issues have included:
- Consumer safety issues, ranging from fire resistance and flammability to
concerns over the use of plastics that are often thought to be (almost always
erroneously) health hazards (especially carcinogens);
- Solid-waste disposal and recycling, a political "hot button" of the 1990s
that is not quite as hot today; and
- Atmospheric protection, caused by concerns and actions taken regarding
blowing agents used to produce foamed plastics. This concern has taken on
greater importance more recently because of global warming.
Because of concerns over the Earth' s ozone layer and global warming,
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) foam blowing agents were banned, and their first
group of replacements, (HCFCs), is also scheduled for phase-out over the
future, with a total ban by 2030. The most important CFC-replacement foam
blowing agent, HCFC-141b, has been banned since 2003. HFCs, the non-chlorine
containing compounds that were thought to be the final replacements for CFCs,
are now also under attack, not as destroyers of the ozone layer but as "super
greenhouse gases," many times more powerful than carbon dioxide in heating the
atmosphere. Volatile hydrocarbon blowing agents are under increased control as
air-polluting VOCs (volatile organic compounds).
Our goal is to describe the most common and popular commercial polymeric foams
and their applications, their technologies, competing plastic and foams as
well as those made from other materials, and future industry trends. Estimates
and forecast markets are made for plastic foams of several kinds in many
different important markets such as construction, transportation, and
packaging. The polymers and applications covered are introduced below under
Scope and Format and are discussed in greater detail in later sections of this
report.
REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
Polymer foams touch our lives every day. Some applications are unseen, such as
the insulating sheathing on our houses and inside our refrigerators, while
some applications are in visible end uses, such as foamed seat cushions and
polystyrene hot cups used for fast-food coffee. These products are important
items in the economy, and because of the environmental issues previously
noted, represent an interesting dynamic of the 21st-century American society.
The plastic foam industry is a major segment of the American plastics
industry, historically accounting for about 10% of total commodity resin
consumption. Foamed products, such as those used for insulation and protective
shipping, reduce energy consumption and product damage and thus lead to lower
manufacturing costs, less waste, and other desirable results.
BCC Research first performed and has updated this study to provide a
comprehensive reference for those interested and/or involved in these
products; these professionals comprise a wide and varied group of companies
that make and use polymer foams, as well as process technology and equipment
designers and marketers, politicians of all persuasions, and the general
public. The information in this report has been gleaned and condensed from a
large amount of literature and other reference materials in the course of its
compilation.
INTENDED AUDIENCE
This report is intended to assist those involved in several different segments
of the U.S. industrial and commercial business sectors, primarily those
professionals whose main interest is in thermal insulation (construction,
appliances, and the like), comfort cushioning (furniture, auto seats, and
other uses), transportation (other automotive parts, such as protective
cushioning and bumpers), as well as packaging applications. These
professionals include those who are involved in the development, formulation,
manufacture, sale, and use of foamed polymers and polymer foaming processes;
and those in ancillary businesses, such as processing equipment, additives,
and other support chemicals and equipment (e.g., process and
product-development experts, process and product designers, purchasing agents,
construction and operating personnel, market staff, and top management). This
report will be of great value to technical and business personnel in the
following areas, among others:
- Marketing and management personnel in companies that produce, market, and
sell polymeric foams.
- Companies involved in the design and construction of process plants that
manufacture polymeric foams and those that service these plants.
- Companies that supply chemicals, equipment, and other materials to plastic
foam producers and users.
- Basic research personnel in academia, government, and industry.
- Financial institutions that supply money for the above-mentioned
facilities, including banks, merchant bankers, and venture capitalists. Such
institutions need to identify and know areas of potential trouble, as well.
- Personnel in end-user companies and industries; these are a wide ranging
group of companies in industries as varied as automobile manufacture and
health care products packaging.
- Personnel in government at many levels, not only at the federal level
(such as the Environmental Protection Agency), but also state and local
health, environmental, and other regulators who must implement and enforce the
laws regarding public health and safety.
SCOPE OF REPORT
This BCC Research study covers in depth many of the most important
technological, economic, political, and environmental considerations in the
U.S. polymeric foams industry. It is primarily a study of U.S. markets, but
because of the global nature of polymer and packaging chemistry, it touches on
some noteworthy international activities - primarily those that affect the
U.S., market such as the significant number of foreign firms that operate on
U.S. soil.
All market figures are rounded to the nearest million pounds, and all growth
rates are compounded and signified as percent compounded annual growth rates
(CAGR). Because of this rounding, some growth rates may not agree exactly with
figures in the market tables, especially for differences in small volumes. All
market figures are at the manufacturer' s or producer' s level.
REPORT ORGANISATION
This report is segmented into 10 sections, beginning with this Introduction.
The Summary that follows encapsulates our findings and conclusions, and
includes a summary major market table. Here, the busy executive can find the
major findings of the study in summary format.
An Overview to the industry follows, starting with an introduction to the
petrochemical industry that is the source of polymers and the plastic resin
industries that make the resins that go into polymer foams. Polymeric foams
are introduced and each of the major foamed plastics and their principal foam
structures are discussed. The section ends with a discussion of some competing
foam materials, thus introducing the reader to the field of polymers and
foamed plastics and foam structures.
The Polymer Foam Markets by Material Type section discusses and forecasts
markets for foamed plastics by type. These include three classes of major
commodity thermoplastic resins used to produce foams: polyolefins (primarily
polyethylenes and polypropylene), polystyrene and PS copolymers, and polyvinyl
chloride and copolymers. The largest foamed polymer group, the polyurethanes
(PURs), comprises the major focus. Some specialty foams are included, as well
as market estimates and forecasts for plastic foam blowing agents and PUR raw
material isocyanates and polyols.
The section begins with an overall market analysis, estimate, and forecast for
the major types of polymeric foams for the base year of 2009 and 5-year
forecast for the 2010 and 2015 period. Each type of foam is then described in
more detail with a discussion of important applications and more-detailed
market forecasts.
The second market analysis section, Polymer Foam Markets by Applications,
discusses and forecasts markets by polymer foam applications. Applications
have been categorized into seven specific major groups:
- Appliances, primarily thermal insulation
- Building/construction, primarily insulation and PVC profiles/shapes
- Electrical/electronics, with the largest market in acoustical and
noise-control foams
- Furniture and furnishings, mainly comfort cushioning
- Medical applications
- Packaging, both functional and product protection
- Transportation, primarily cushioning.t Organization (Continued)
A group of other applications, including sports equipment, shoe insoles and
powder puffs, ends the section.
The next section, Technology, starts with a review of some basic polymer
chemistry, manufacture, and properties of plastics used in producing plastic
foams and then progresses on to conventional foam technologies. Some new
polymer foam technologies are covered, including new blowing agents, polyol
technology, and microcellular foams. A discussion of polymer recycling
technology rounds out the Technology section.
The Industry Structure and Competitive Analysis section covers the structure
of the polymeric foams industry and emphasizes the major domestic producers
and suppliers, as well as trends in the industry. Some international aspects
of the business are also discussed and analyzed, including the global nature
of the polymer foam industry, major foreign-owned supplier companies that
operate in the U.S., and trends outside the U.S.
The Environmental, Regulatory, and Public Policy Issues section follows, items
of increasing importance to the polymer foams industry. Several of the most
important environmental and regulatory considerations are linked, since
governments around the world seem to have decided that regulations are the
best means of achieving environmental ends such as saving the earth' s ozone
layer and reducing greenhouse gases. Getting agreement on international
cooperation and action is another matter.
This report' s last narrative section, Company Profiles, lists many supplier
companies that BCC Research considers to be among the most important and/or
best representatives of the polymer foam business.
Finally, this report ends with an Appendix containing a glossary of some
important terms, abbreviations, and acronyms used in the chemical, polymer,
and polymer foams industries.
REPORT SCOPE AND NOTATION
Some topics and materials covered in the text of this report are not
specifically included in our market estimate and forecast tables. A good
example is microcellular foams, an exciting technology that is currently being
commercialized; however, the technology is used to foam the same resins, and
commercial applications are already included in market figures.
Copyrighted and trademarked trade names are capitalized. Generic product names
are lowercase, with the exception of common chemical acronyms, such as MDI and
TDI, and plastics such as PE, PP, PVC, and PUR. Chemical formulae are
sometimes used to abbreviate compounds, such as NaCl for sodium chloride
(table salt).
METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
Searches were made of the literature and the Internet. These included many
leading trade publications as well as technical government compendia, and
information from trade and other associations. Much product and market
information was obtained from the principals involved in the industry.
Corporate profile information was obtained primarily from the individual
companies, especially the larger publicly owned firms. Other information
sources included textbooks, directories, articles, and industry websites.
Table of Contents
Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary 7
- REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 2
- INTENDED AUDIENCE 3
- SCOPE OF REPORT 3
- REPORT ORGANIZATION 4
- REPORT ORGANIZATION (CONTINUED) 5
- REPORT SCOPE AND NOTATION 6
- METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES 6
- AUTHOR' S CREDENTIALS 6
- RELATED BCC RESEARCH 6
- BCC ONLINE SERVICES 7
- DISCLAIMER 7
Chapter-2: SUMMARY 3
- SUMMARY 8
- SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 9
- SUMMARY TABLE POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN FAMILY,
THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS.) 10
- SUMMARY FIGURE POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN FAMILY,
2009-2015 (MILLION LBS.) 10
Chapter-3: OVERVIEW 18
- THE PETROCHEMICAL AND PLASTIC RESIN INDUSTRIES 11
- PETROCHEMICALS 11
- Petrochemicals (Continued) 12
- Petrochemicals (Continued) 13
- Petrochemicals (Continued) 14
- PLASTIC RESINS 15
- History 15
- Modern Polymer Chemistry 16
- Bulk Resin Manufacture 17
- Plastic Resin Fabrication 17
- Commodity vs. Specialty Resins 18
- Commodity Resins 18
- Specialty Resins 19
- POLYMERIC FOAMS 19
- CLOSED- AND OPEN-CELL FOAMS 20
- POLYMER FOAM BLOWING AGENTS 21
- RESINS USED TO PRODUCE POLYMER FOAMS 22
- Phenolic Foams 22
- Polyolefin Foams 22
- Polystyrene (PS) Foams 23
- POLYURETHANE (PUR) FOAMS 23
- Polyurethane Raw Materials 24
- Isocyanates 24
- Polyols 24
- FLEXIBLE POLYURETHANE FOAMS 25
- RIGID POLYURETHANE FOAMS 25
- SEMI-RIGID (INTEGRAL-SKIN) PUR FOAMS 25
- POLYVINYL CHLORIDE (PVC) FOAMS 26
- STRUCTURAL FOAMS 26
- COMPETITIVE FOAM MATERIALS AND PRODUCTS 27
- NATURAL FOAM MATERIALS 27
- THERMOFORMED SHEET 27
- PAPER AND OTHER FIBER PRODUCTS 28
Chapter-4: POLYMER FOAM MARKETS BY MATERIAL TYPES 66
- OVERALL MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST 29
- TABLE 1 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY RESIN FAMILY, THROUGH 2015
(MILLIONS LBS.) 30
- OVERALL MARKET ANALYSIS AND ... (CONTINUED) 31
- BLOWING AGENTS 32
- MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST 32
- TABLE 2 U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES FOR POLYMERIC FOAM BLOWING AGENTS, THROUGH
2015 (MILLION LBS.) 32
- Market Analysis and Forecast (Continued) 33
- PHYSICAL BLOWING AGENTS 34
- CFCs, HCFCs, and HFCs 35
- Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 35
- Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs) 36
- Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) 37
- TABLE 3 FOAM BLOWING APPLICATIONS OF HCFCS AND HFCS 38
- TABLE 4 FOAM PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS BLOWN WITH FLUOROCARBONS 39
- CFC, HCFC, and HFC Nomenclature 39
- Hydrocarbons 40
- Residues from Use of Hydrocarbon-Based Agents 41
- Carbon Dioxide 41
- Nitrogen 42
- Other Physical Blowing Agents 42
- CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS 42
- Inorganic (Endothermic) Chemical Blowing Agents 43
- Organic (Exothermic) Chemical Blowing Agents 43
- TABLE 5 TYPICAL USE OF EXOTHERMIC CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS BY RESIN 44
- TABLE 6 OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGES FOR EXOTHERMIC BLOWING AGENTS 45
- TABLE 7 TYPICAL APPLICATIONS FOR EXOTHERMIC BLOWING AGENTS 46
- Advantages and Disadvantages of Each Type of CBA 46
- TABLE 8 ADVANTAGES OF ENDOTHERMIC VS. EXOTHERMIC BLOWING AGENTS 47
- TABLE 9 ADVANTAGES OF EXOTHERMIC VS. ENDOTHERMIC BLOWING AGENTS 47
- Endo/Exo Combinations 47
- POLYOLEFIN FOAMS 48
- POLYOLEFIN FOAM MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST 48
- TABLE 10 U.S. POLYOLEFIN FOAM MARKET ESTIMATES BY TYPE AND APPLICATION,
THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS.) 49
- RESINS AND PROCESSES 50
- <td style="border-right: #ece9d8; padding-right: 5.4pt; border-top:
#ece9d8; padding-left: 5.4pt; p
Chapter-5: POLYMER FOAM MARKETS BY APPLICATIONS 13
- OVERALL MARKET ANALYSIS AND FORECAST 95
- TABLE 21 POLYMERIC FOAM U.S. MARKET ESTIMATES BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 95
- APPLIANCES 96
- TABLE 22 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. APPLIANCES, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION LBS.) 96
- ALTERNATIVE BLOWING AGENTS 97
- BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION 98
- TABLE 23 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. BUILDING/CONSTRUCTION, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 98
- TABLE 24 TYPICAL THERMAL INSULATION ' R' VALUES 99
- ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS 100
- TABLE 25 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 100
- FURNITURE AND FURNISHINGS 101
- TABLE 26 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. FURNITURE/FURNISHINGS MARKETS, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 101
- MEDICAL APPLICATIONS 101
- TABLE 27 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. MEDICAL APPLICATIONS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION
LBS.) 102
- PACKAGING 102
- TABLE 28 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. PACKAGING MARKETS, THROUGH 2015 (MILLION
LBS.) 103
- TRANSPORTATION 104
- TABLE 29 PLASTIC FOAMS IN U.S. TRANSPORTATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 104
- OTHER MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS 105
- TABLE 30 SOME MISCELLANEOUS OTHER APPLICATIONS FOR POLYMERIC FOAMS 105
- TABLE 30 (CONTINUED) 106
- TABLE 31 PLASTIC FOAMS IN MISCELLANEOUS OTHER U.S. MARKETS, THROUGH 2015
(MILLION LBS.) 106
- OTHER MARKETS AND APPLICATIONS (CONTINUED) 107
Chapter-6: TECHNOLOGY 35
- PLASTIC RESIN CHEMISTRY, MANUFACTURE, AND PROPERTIES 108
- PLASTIC RESIN CHEMISTRY, ...(CONTINUED) 109
- POLYMERIC FOAM PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS 110
- MECHANICAL PROPERTIES 110
- CHEMICAL PROPERTIES 111
- ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES 112
- ACOUSTICAL PROPERTIES 112
- LIGHT PENETRATION 112
- SAFETY AND HEALTH ISSUES 112
- CONVENTIONAL POLYMER FOAM TECHNOLOGY 113
- POLYOLEFIN FOAM PROCESSES 113
- Extruded Polyolefin Foams 113
- Molded Polyolefin Foams 113
- Cross-Linked Polyolefin Foams 113
- POLYSTYRENE FOAM PROCESSES 114
- PS Foam Sheet Process 114
- PS Foam Board Process 115
- Expandable Bead Process 115
- POLYURETHANE FOAM CHEMISTRY AND PROCESSES 115
- Isocyanate Reactions 116
- Polyol Equivalent Weight and Functionality 116
- TABLE 32 POLYURETHANE FOAM-POLYOL DEPENDENCY BASED ON POLYOL EQUIVALENT
WEIGHT AND FUNCTIONALITY 117
- Polyurethane Foaming Processes 117
- Chemistry 117
- One-Shot System 118
- Two-Component (Prepolymer) System 118
- Quasi (Semi) Prepolymer System 118
- Flexible Polyurethane Foam Process 119
- Rigid Polyurethane Foam Process 119
- Non-Isocyanate Polyurethane Processes 120
- CELLULAR FOAM STABILIZATION 120
- Chemical Stabilization 120
- Physical Stabilization 121
- NEW POLYMER FOAM TECHNOLOGIES 121
- NEW BLOWING AGENTS 121
- HCFC and CFC Replacements for CFCs 122
- Hydrocarbons 123
- Carbon Dioxide 123
- Carbon Dioxide (Continued) 124
- Foam Blowing Without Auxiliary Blowing Agents 125
- Variable-Pressure Foaming 125
- Vacuum Forming 126
- NEW POLYOL TECHNOLOGY 126
- Impact Polyol Catalyst Technology 126
- MICROCELLULAR FOAMS 127
- Microcellular Foams (Continued) 128
- Microcellular Foams (Continued) 129
- BIOPOLYMER AND BIODEGRADABLE FOAMS 130
- Biopolymer and Biodegradable Foams (Continued) 131
- POLYMER RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY 132
- POLYMER RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED) 133
- RECYCLING STATISTICS AND TRENDS 134
- CONVENTIONAL (MECHANICAL OR PHYSICAL) RECYCLING 134
- ADVANCED (CHEMICAL) RECYCLING 135
- Depolymerization to Monomers 135
- Depolymerization to Feedstocks 136
- Waste-to-Energy Recycling (Incineration) 137
- POLYURETHANE RECYCLING TECHNOLOGIES 137
- Automobile Recycling 138
- PUR Foam Recycling Technologies 139
- PUR Foam Recycling Technologies (Continued) 140
- POLYSTYRENE FOAM RECYCLING 141
- Polystyrene Foam Recycling (Continued) 142
Chapter-7: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 17
- TRENDS IN THE U.S. PLASTIC RESINS INDUSTRY 143
- PLAYERS IN THE U.S. PLASTIC FOAMS INDUSTRY 144
- PLAYERS IN THE U.S. PLASTIC FOAMS INDUSTRY (CONTINUED) 145
- STRUCTURE OF THE U.S. POLYMERIC FOAMS INDUSTRY 146
- BLOWING AGENT SUPPLIERS 147
- PHYSICAL BLOWING AGENTS 148
- CHEMICAL BLOWING AGENTS 148
- Endothermic Agents 148
- Exothermic Agents 148
- PLASTIC RESIN SUPPLIERS 149
- TABLE 33 U.S. COMMODITY THERMOPLASTIC RESIN PRODUCTION, THROUGH-2008
(BILLION LBS.) 150
- POLYURETHANE RAW MATERIAL SUPPLIERS 151
- ISOCYANATES 151
- TABLE 34 ESTIMATED VOLUMES AND MARKET SHARES OF U.S. ISOCYANATE SUPPLIERS,
2009 (MILLION LBS/%) 151
- POLYOLS 152
- POLYURETHANE FOAM SYSTEM SUPPLIERS 152
- FOAM FABRICATORS AND MOLDERS 152
- COMPANY CONSOLIDATION, RESTRUCTURING, ETC. 153
- COMPANY CONSOLIDATION, .... (CONTINUED) 154
- INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS 155
- MAJOR FOREIGN PLAYERS 156
- TRENDS OUTSIDE THE U.S. 156
- New Applications for Foamed Plastics 157
- Environmental Aspects 157
- Polystyrene Foam Recovery 158
- Polyurethane Recycling 158
- Replacement of CFCs as Blowing Agents 159
Chapter-8: ENVIRONMENTAL, REGULATORY, AND PUBLIC POLICY ISSUES 24
- FOAM PACKAGING ISSUES 160
- FOOD SERVICE 160
- PROTECTIVE SHIPPING PRODUCTS 161
- Loose-Fill 162
- PE Foam Compacting 163
- CFC- AND HCFC-REPLACEMENT ISSUES 163
- OZONE DEPLETION 163
- CHRONOLOGY OF MAJOR EVENTS 163
- The Clean Air Act and Amendments 163
- Sherwood-Molina 164
- United Nations Environment Programme 164
- Montreal Protocol 164
- Environmental Protection Agency 164
- Clean Air Act 165
- CFC Ban 165
- Ozone Layer Conference 165
- EPA' s 1993 Final Rule and Subsequent Activities 165
- EPA' s 1993 Final Rule and ... (Continued) 166
- OZONE-DEPLETION POTENTIAL 167
- OPTIONS AVAILABLE FOR HCFC REDUCTION AND REPLACEMENT 167
- GREENHOUSE GASES 168
- TABLE 35 OZONE DEPLETION AND GLOBAL WARMING POTENTIALS (FRACTION OF CFC-11
ODP = 1.0) 169
- POLYURETHANE RECYCLING/RECOVERY 170
- PERFORMANCE STANDARDS 170
- THERMAL INSULATING STANDARDS (R-VALUES) 171
- COMPRESSSIVE STRENGTH, DIMENSIONAL STABILITY 171
- POLYMER FOAM HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES 172
- FLAMMABILITY 172
- Polymeric Foams 172
- Polyurethane Foams and Raw Materials 173
- Flame Retardance 174
- Flame Retardance (Continued) 175
- Upholstered Furniture 176
- Recent Activities toward Better PUR Foam Flame Safety 177
- TOXICITY 178
- Polyurethane Foams 178
- TABLE 36 POTENTIAL HAZARDS FROM POLYURETHANE FOAM COMPONENTS 178
- Other Foams 179
- ENVIRONMENTAL LAWS AND REGULATIONS 180
- FEDERAL 180
- STATE AND LOCAL 181
- PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS 182
- PUBLIC PERCEPTIONS (CONTINUED) 183
Chapter-9: COMPANY PROFILES 49
- INTRODUCTION 184
- SUPPLIER COMPANIES 185
- AIR PRODUCTS AND CHEMICALS, INC. 185
- AMERICAN EXCELSIOR, INC. 186
- AMERICHEM, INC. 187
- AMPACET CORPORATION 187
- ARCH CHEMICALS, INC. 188
- ARKEMA INC. 188
- Arkema Inc. (Continued) 189
- BASF CORPORATION 190
- BAYER MATERIAL SCIENCE LLC 190
- BERGEN INTERNATIONAL, LLC 191
- BIDDLE SAWYER CORPORATION 192
- ER CARPENTER COMPANY 192
- CELLECT LLC 193
- CELLOFOAM NORTH AMERICA, INC. 194
- CHEMTURA CORPORATION 194
- CLARIANT CORPORATION 195
- COIM USA INC. 196
- CREATIVE FOAM CORPORATION 196
- CREST FOAM INDUSTRIES, INC. 197
- CYLATEC, INC. 198
- DART CONTAINER CORPORATION 198
- THE DOW CHEMICAL COMPANY 199
- Polyurethanes 200
- Polystyrene 200
- Blowing Agents 200
- E.I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND CO. 201
- EFP CORPORATION 202
- EKA CHEMICALS INC./EXPANCEL 202
- ENDEX INTERNATIONAL 203
- EPI ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 204
- EVONIK FOAMS, INC. 205
- FERRO CORPORATION 206
- FOAM PRODUCTS CORPORATION 206
- FOAM SUPPLIES, INC. 207
- FOAMEX INTERNATIONAL INC./FXI 207
- FREE FLOW PACKAGING INTERNATIONAL, INC. 208
- FUTURE FOAM, INC. 209
- GENERAL FOAM PLASTICS CORPORATION 209
- HICKORY SPRINGS MANUFACTURING COMPANY 210
- HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL, INC. 210
- HUNTSMAN CORPORATION 211
- Huntsman Corporation (Continued) 212
- IGLOO PRODUCTS CORP. 213
- ILLBRUCK, INC./PINTA ACOUSTIC, INC. 213
- JOHNSON CONTROLS, INC. 214
- KANEKA TEXAS CORPORATION 215
- LEAR CORPORATION 215
- LYONDELL BASELL INDUSTRIES NV 216
- PACTIV CORPORATION 217
- PLASTOMER CORPORATION 217
- REEDY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION 218
- RMAX, INC. 218
- ROGERS CORPORATION 219
- RUBICON LLC 220
- SAINT-GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS 220
- SEALED AIR CORPORATION 220
- SEKISUI AMERICA CORPORATION 221
- SPAN-AMERICA MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC. 222
- STEPAN COMPANY 223
- STOROPACK, INC. 223
- TECHNICAL VENTURES, INC./MORTILE INDUSTRIES, LTD. 224
- TEGRANT CORPORATION 224
- Protexic Brands 225
- Thermosafe Brands 225
- TEKNI-PLEX, INC./DOLCO PACKAGING 225
- TEXTILE RUBBER & CHEMICAL CO., INC. 226
- TORAY PLASTICS (AMERICA), INC., PEF DIVISION 227
- TREXEL, INC. 228
- 20/20 CUSTOM MOLDED PLASTICS, LTD. 229
- UFP TECHNOLOGIES, INC. 230
- WOODBRIDGE SALES & ENGINEERING, INC. 230
- ZOTEFOAMS, INC. 231
- Zotefoams, Inc. (Continued) 232
Chapter-10: APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS 20
- APPENDIX: GLOSSARY OF IMPORTANT TERMS, ABBREVIATIONS, AND ACRONYMS 233
- GLOSSARY 233
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 234
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 235
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 236
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 237
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 238
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 239
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 240
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 241
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 241
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 242
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 243
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 244
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 245
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 246
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 247
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 248
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 249
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 250
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 251
- GLOSSARY (CONTINUED) 252
