Synthetic Biology: Emerging Global Markets

This publication has been discontinued on November 28, 2011.

Below is the updated product.

Synthetic Biology: Emerging Global Markets

Published: November, 2011

Product code: 224398

Introduction

Abstract

This Report:

• The global market for synthetic biology generated $233.8 million in 2008. This is expected to increase to $2.4 billion in 2013, for a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 59.8%.
• The chemicals and energy segment has the largest share of the market, worth $80.6 million in 2008. This should reach $1.6 billion in 2013, for a CAGR of 81.6%.
• The biotechnology and pharmaceuticals segment is the second-largest market segment, worth 80.3 million in 2008. This segment is projected to increase at a CAGR of 49.2% to reach $594 million in 2013.

Table of Contents

Chapter-1: SUMMARY 3

• SUMMARY 5
• SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 6
• SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY INDUSTRY, 2006-2013 ($ MILLIONS) 6
• SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7

Chapter-2: OVERVIEW 10

• INTRODUCTION 18
• DEFINITION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 18
• TABLE 7 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY DEFINITIONS 18
• HISTORY OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 18
• TABLE 8 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY HISTORY 19
• PARADIGM SHIFT IN BIOLOGY 20
• TABLE 9 PARADIGM SHIFT OF BIOLOGY 20
• TABLE 10 GENETIC ENGINEERING AND SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY COMPARED 21
• FIGURE 1 SCALE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 22
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 23
• TABLE 11 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY APPLICATIONS BY TECHNOLOGY 23
• ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 24
• TABLE 12 IMPORTANCE OF ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 24
• COSTS OF DNA SYNTHESIS AND SEQUENCING 25
• FIGURE 2 DNA SYNTHESIS AND SEQUENCING COSTS, 1990 - 2008 ($) 25
• FIGURE 3 HUMAN GENOME SEQUENCING COSTS, 1990 - 2015 ($) 26
• DNA SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES 27
• FIGURE 4 SIMPLIFIED SCHEMATIC OF GENE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGY 27
• DNA Synthesis ... (Continued) 28
• TABLE 13 COMPARISON OF GENE SYNTHESIS TECHNOLOGIES 29
• PCR-Based Approaches 29
• Solid-Phase Approaches 30
• MICROFLUIDICS TECHNOLOGIES 31
• TABLE 14 IMPORTANCE OF MICROFLUIDICS TECHNOLOGIES IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY 31
• DNA Microarrays - Oligos Synthesis 31
• TABLE 15 MICROARRAY TYPES 32
• TABLE 16 DNA MICROARRAY PLATFORM FEATURES 32
• TABLE 17 DNA MICROARRAY PLATFORM COMPARISON FOR MAJOR MANUFACTURERS 33
• TABLE 17 (CONTINUED) 34
• DNA Microarrays - ...(Continued) 35
• FIGURE 5 MICROARRAYS IN GENE SYNTHESIS 36
• DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES 36
• DNA Sequencing TECHNOLOGIES (continued) 37
• FIGURE 6 SEQUENCING THROUGHPUT TREND, 1977 - 2008 38
• FIGURE 7 DNA SEQUENCING TECHNOLOGIES 39
• BIOINFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES 40
• TABLE 18 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY BIOINFORMATICS TECHNOLOGIES 41
• BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGIES 41
• TABLE 19 NUCLEIC ACIDS, GENES, AND GENOMES 41
• SYNTHETIC GENES 42
• TABLE 20 SYNTHETIC GENES AS MOLECULAR BIOLOGY TOOL 42
• Synthetic Genes (Continued) 43
• TABLE 21 SYNTHETIC GENES VERSUS PCR CLONING 44
• BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS 45
• TABLE 22 BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS 46
• FIGURE 8 ROLE OF PROMOTERS AND REPORTERS IN SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY SYSTEMS 47
• MINIMAL GENOMES AND CHASSIS ORGANISMS 48
• TABLE 23 ATTRIBUTES OF A MINIMAL GENOME 48
• Minimal Genomes and ... (Continued) 49
• CASE STUDY: MINIMAL E.COLI GENOME 50
• Role of Directed Evolution in Designing Biologic Parts 50
• ENABLED TECHNOLOGIES 51
• OVERVIEW 51
• TABLE 24 ENABLED TECHNOLOGIES: EXISTING AND NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 51
• Pathway Engineering 52
• FIGURE 9 HOW SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY CREATES ENABLED PRODUCTS 52
• TABLE 25 METABOLIC ENGINEERING FOR ARTEMISINIC ACID 53
• Synthetic Microbial Consortia 54
• TABLE 26 APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC MICROBIAL CONSORTIA 55
• BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES 56
• Biofuels Feedstocks 56
• TABLE 27 ENERGY BALANCE OF SELECTED FIRST-GENERATION BIOFUEL FEEDSTOCKS 57
• Advanced-Generation Biofuels 57
• TABLE 28 FIRST- AND ADVANCED-GENERATION BIOFUELS COMPARED 58
• Cellulosic Biomass 59
• FIGURE 10 APPROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS (%) 59
• TABLE 29 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIES FOR CONVERTING CELLULOSIC BIOMASS INTO ETHANOL 60
• Biofuels Types 61
• TABLE 30 EFFICIENCY OF VARIOUS FUELS 61
• Cellulosic Ethanol 62
• FIGURE 11 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRODUCTION SCHEMATIC 62
• TABLE 31 CORN ETHANOL COST TARGETS, 2009 ($/GAL. OF ETHANOL) 63
• FIGURE 12 ESTIMATED 25 MGY CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT COSTS (%) 64
• Biodiesel 65
• TABLE 32 IODINE NUMBER OF VARIOUS OILS 66
• Other Biofuels 66
• Role of Genetic Engineering and Synthetic Biology in Biofuels 66
• TABLE 33 CONTRIBUTION OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TO BIOFUELS 67

Chapter-3: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY TECHNOLOGIES 50

Chapter-4: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY APPLICATIONS 21

• INTRODUCTION 68
• ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 68
• TABLE 34 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS IMPACTED BY ENABLING TECHNOLOGIES 68
• BIOLOGIC COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 69
• TABLE 35 BIOLOGICAL COMPONENTS AND INTEGRATED SYSTEMS NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 69
• SYNTHETIC GENE APPLICATIONS 70
• TABLE 36 SYNTHETIC GENES NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 70
• Synthetic Gene Applications (Continued) 71
• Synthetic Gene Applications (Continued) 72
• BIOBRICKS/IGEM PARTS APPLICATIONS 73
• INTEGRATED SYSTEMS APPLICATIONS 73
• Synthetic Cells and Tissues 74
• ENABLED PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS 75
• TABLE 37 ENABLED PRODUCTS NEAR-TERM APPLICATIONS 75
• APPLICATIONS BY END-USER INDUSTRY 76
• RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS 76
• TABLE 38 RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS 76
• PHARMACEUTICALS APPLICATIONS 77
• TABLE 39 DRUG DISCOVERY AND DEVELOPMENT APPLICATIONS FOR SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS 77
• Pharmaceuticals Applications (Continued) 78
• TABLE 40 PIPELINE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED DRUGS 79
• ENERGY APPLICATIONS 80
• TABLE 41 ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCKS AND PRODUCTION PROCESSES 80
• TABLE 42 ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL COMMON BLENDS 81
• TABLE 43 FIRST-GENERATION FUEL ETHANOL GLOBAL PRODUCTION AND GOALS, 2007 (MILLION GALS.) 82
• TABLE 44 FIRST-GENERATION BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND GOALS, 2007 (MILLION GALS.) 83
• United States 83
• FIGURE 13 RENEWABLE FUELS STANDARDS, UNITED STATES, 2008 - 2013 (BILLION GALS./ YR) 84
• TABLE 45 DOE FUNDING FOR CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS, 2007 - 2011 ($ MILLIONS) 85
• Canada 86
• Brazil 87
• CHEMICAL INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS 87
• Chemical Industry Applications (Continued) 88

Chapter-5: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY 43

• INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN 89
• FIGURE 14 INDUSTRIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN WITH SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY LEVERAGE POINTS 90
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES 91
• TABLE 46 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES 91
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURAL FORCES (CONTINUED) 92
• PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE 93
• TABLE 47 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PRODUCTS AND TECHNOLOGY LIFE CYCLE STAGE 93
• INDUSTRY COMPETITOR POSITIONING 94
• TABLE 48 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY KEY COMPETITORS BY MARKET FOCUS 95
• GENE SYNTHESIS INDUSTRY 96
• GENE SYNTHESIS WORKFLOW 96
• TABLE 49 GENE SYNTHESIS WORKFLOW 96
• Gene Synthesis Workflow (Continued) 97
• GENE SYNTHESIS COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 98
• FIGURE 15 SYNTHETIC GENE COMPANY ESTIMATED MARKET SHARES, 2008 (%) 99
• Gene Synthesis ... (Continued) 100
• TABLE 50 SYNTHETIC GENE KEY COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 101
• Gene Synthesis ... (Continued) 102
• Gene Synthesis Value Chain 103
• Synthetic Gene Market Segments 104
• Automated, Standardized Market Segment 104
• Value-Added Market Segments 104
• TABLE 51 GENE SYNTHESIS MARKET FACTORS OF DIFFERENTIATION 105
• BIOFUELS INDUSTRY 106
• COMPETITIVE DIFFERENTIATION 106
• FEEDSTOCKS 107
• TABLE 52 BIOFUELS: FEEDSTOCKS, PRODUCTION, AND PRODUCTS 107
• FIGURE 16 BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCKS: RELATIVE COSTS AND VOLUMES 108
• Sugars/Starches 108
• Vegetable Oils 109
• Biomass 109
• Algae 109
• TABLE 53 BIODIESEL YIELD OF SELECTED CROPS (GALS./ACRE/YR.) 109
• CO2 110
• CELLULOSIC ETHANOL INDUSTRY 111
• TABLE 54 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANTS (MGY) 111
• Cellulosic Ethanol Industry (Continued) 112
• BIOFUELS COMPETITOR STRATEGIES 113
• TABLE 55 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-BASED BIOFUELS COMPANY STRATEGIES 114
• TABLE 55 (CONTINUED) 115
• Agrivida 115
• Amyris 116
• BP 116
• DuPont 116
• Gevo 116
• LS9 117
• Mascoma 117
• OpX Biotechnologies 117
• Sequesco 118
• Solazyme 118
• Synthetic Genomics 118
• Verdezyne 118
• Verenium 119
• ROLE OF BIOFUELS FOUNDERS AND INVESTORS 119
• TABLE 56 ROLE OF INVESTORS AND FOUNDERS IN BIOFUELS COMPANIES 119
• ENZYMES INDUSTRY 120
• TABLE 57 ENZYME COMPANY KEY ALLIANCES 121
• PHARMACEUTICALS INDUSTRY 122
• TABLE 58 PHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY STRATEGIES 122
• INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS AND STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 123
• TABLE 59 INDUSTRY ACQUISITIONS, 2006 - 2008 123
• TABLE 60 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY STRATEGIC ALLIANCES, 2006 - 2009 124
• TABLE 60 (CONTINUED) 125
• TABLE 60 (CONTINUED) 126
• BIODEFENSE ISSUES 127
• TABLE 61 FUTURE SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY SECURITY REGULATIONS 127
• SUPPORTING INDUSTRY ORGANIZATIONS 128
• TABLE 62 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY ENABLING ORGANIZATIONS 128
• TABLE 62 (CONTINUED) 129
• SUPPORTING INDUSTRY ... (CONTINUED) 130
• FIGURE 17 GROWTH IN IGEM (NUMBER) 131

Chapter-6: SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS 35

• GROWTH DRIVING FORCES 132
• TABLE 63 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY GROWTH DRIVING FORCES 133
• FIGURE 18 NIH BUDGET OUTLAYS, 2000 - 2009 ($ BILLIONS) 134
• FIGURE 19 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS, 2000 - 2008 (NUMBER) 135
• MARKET FORECASTS 136
• FIGURE 20 MARKET FORECAST SCENARIO TABLE 136
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS BY INDUSTRY 137
• Summary 137
• TABLE 64 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY END USER, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 137
• R&D Market 138
• TABLE 65 GLOBAL VALUE OF R&D MARKET BY APPLICATION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 138
• Biotechnology and Pharmaceuticals Market 139
• TABLE 66 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND PHARMACEUTICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 140
• Chemicals Market 141
• TABLE 67 GLOBAL VALUE OF CHEMICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 141
• Energy Market 142
• TABLE 68 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENERGY MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 142
• FIGURE 21 S-CURVE FOR SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS 143
• TABLE 69 WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY TRENDS, 2002 - 2008 (MILLIONS TONS/YR) 144
• TABLE 70 GLOBAL BIOFUELS SUPPLY BY PRODUCT CLASS, THROUGH 2013 (KBOED) 145
• FIGURE 22 GLOBAL BIOFUELS MARKET, 2013 (GALS./YR.) 145
• FIGURE 22 (CONTINUED) 146
• FIGURE 23 GLOBAL CELLULOSIC SECOND-GENERATION BIOFUELS MARKET, 2013 (GALS./YR) 146
• FIGURE 23 (CONTINUED) 147
• FIGURE 24 UNITED STATES BIOFUELS MARKET GOALS, 2022 (%) 147
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKETS BY PRODUCT TYPE 148
• Summary 148
• TABLE 71 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 148
• Summary (Continued) 149
• Enabling Products Market 150
• TABLE 72 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLING PRODUCTS MARKET, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 150
• Biological Parts Market 151
• TABLE 73 GLOBAL VALUE OF DNA SYNTHESIS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 151
• TABLE 74 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 152
• Standardized Market Segment 152
• Value-Added Market Segments 152
• TABLE 75 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS MARKET BY END USER INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 153
• TABLE 76 GLOBAL VALUE OF BIOLOGIC PARTS BY SUPPLIER TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 154
• TABLE 77 HOMEBREW VERSUS COMMERCIAL COST COMPARISON FOR SYNTHESIZING A TYPICAL 714 BP GFP GENE ($) 155
• Integrated Systems Market 156
• TABLE 78 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INTEGRATED SYSTEMS MARKET BY TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 156
• Enabled Products Market 156
• TABLE 79 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED PRODUCTS MARKET BY INDUSTRY, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 157
• TABLE 80 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED R&D MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 158
• TABLE 81 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED PHARMACEUTICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 159
• TABLE 82 GLOBAL VALUE OF ENABLED CHEMICALS MARKET BY PRODUCT TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 160
• TABLE 82 (CONTINUED) 161
• TABLE 83 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY-ENABLED ENERGY MARKET BY FUEL TYPE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 162
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION 163
• Summary 163
• TABLE 84 GLOBAL VALUE OF SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS) 164
• Importance of Geography to Fuels Markets 165
• Importance of Geography ... (Continued) 166

Chapter-7: PATENT STATUS 13

• INTRODUCTION 167
• FOUNDATIONAL PATENTS 167
• TABLE 85 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY FOUNDATIONAL PATENTS 168
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY PATENT ANALYSIS 169
• SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY INDUSTRY (continued) 170
• FIGURE 25 NUMBER OF PATENTS BY COMPANY 171
• FIGURE 25 (CONTINUED) 172
• TABLE 86 PATENT DESCRIPTION BY COMPANY 173
• FIGURE 26 SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY PATENTS BY COMPANY AND SUBCLASS (NUMBER OF PATENTS) 174
• FIGURE 26 (CONTINUED) 175
• LITIGATION STATUS 176
• TABLE 87 IP LITIGATION STATUS 176
• IP STRATEGY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY COMPANIES 177
• METABOLIX 177
• DUPONT 178
• GENEART 178
• FEBIT 179

Chapter-8: COMPANY PROFILES 66

• AGRIVIDA 180
• AMYRIS BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 180
• TABLE 88 AMYRIS BIODIESEL ADVANTAGES 181
• ATG BIOSYNTHETICS GMBH 182
• BASF AG 183
• BIO BASIC, INC. 184
• BIOCAT GMBH 184
• BIONEER CORP. 185
• BIONEXUS, INC. 185
• BIO S&T, INC. 186
• BIOTICA TECHNOLOGY, LTD. 186
• BIOTICA TECHNOLOGY, LTD. (CONTINUED) 187
• TABLE 89 STRUCTURE-FUNCTION APPROACH FOR RAPAMYCIN 188
• TABLE 90 BIOTICA PROJECTS PIPELINE 189
• BLUE HERON BIOTECHNOLOGIES 190
• BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB 190
• BRISTOL-MYERS SQUIBB (CONTINUED) 191
• BRITISH PETROLEUM 192
• CELLICON BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 193
• CODEXIS, INC. 194
• CODON DEVICES, INC. 195
• DANISCO A/S 195
• DNA 2.0 196
• TABLE 91 DNA2.0 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 197
• DRATHS CORP. 198
• DUPONT 199
• DUPONT (CONTINUED) 200
• DYADIC INTERNATIONAL, INC. 201
• ENTELECHON GMBH 201
• EPOCH BIOLABS, INC. 202
• ERAGEN BIOSCIENCES, INC. 203
• EUROFINS MEDIGENOMIX GMBH 203
• EUROFINS MWG OPERON 204
• FEBIT SYNBIO GMBH 204
• GENEART AG 205
• TABLE 92 GENEART MAJOR STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 206
• GENEART AG (CONTINUED) 207
• GENEMED SYNTHESIS, INC. 208
• GENSCRIPT CORP. 208
• GENEWORKS PTY, LTD. 208
• GEVO, INC. 209
• TABLE 93 GEVO ISOBUTANOL PRODUCTION FORECAST (GALS./YR.) 209
• HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. 210
• HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. (CONTINUED) 211
• HELICOS BIOSCIENCES CORP. (CONTINUED) 212
• INTEGRATED DNA TECHNOLOGIES 213
• ILLUMINA, INC. 213
• ILLUMINA, INC. (CONTINUED) 214
• INSTITUTE FOR ONEWORLD HEALTH 215
• IOGEN CORP. 216
• JOULE BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 216
• KHOSLA VENTURES 216
• TABLE 94 KHOSLA VENTURES BIOFUELS INVESTMENT PORTFOLIO 217
• LC SCIENCES 217
• LIFE TECHNOLOGIES 218
• LIFE TECHNOLOGIES (CONTINUED) 219
• LS9, INC. 220
• MASCOMA 221
• TABLE 95 MASCOMA INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY STATUS 222
• MAXYGEN 223
• MERCK & CO. 224
• METABOLIX, INC. 225
• TABLE 96 METABOLOMIX BUSINESS STRATEGY 225
• METRIGEN, INC. 226
• NOVOZYMES A/S 227
• OMEGA BIO-TEK, INC. 227
• OPX BIOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. 228
• PACIFIC BIOSCIENCES 229
• PFIZER 230
• PROTOLIFE SRL 231
• QTEROS 232
• ROCHE LIFE SCIENCES 232
• ROCHE LIFE SCIENCES (CONTINUED) 233
• ROYAL DSM N.V. 234
• SANGAMO BIOSCIENCES, INC. 234
• SANGAMO BIOSCIENCES, INC. (CONTINUED) 235
• SANOFI AVENTIS 236
• SCARAB GENOMICS, LLC 237
• SEQUESCO 238
• SLONING BIOTECHNOLOGY, GMBH 238
• SOLAZYME, INC. 239
• TABLE 97 SOLAZYME STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 240
• SYNTHETIC GENOMICS 240
• SYNTHETIC GENOMICS (CONTINUED) 241
• TABLE 98 SYNTHETIC GENOMICS STRATEGIC ALLIANCES 242
• VERDEZYNE 242
• TABLE 99 VERDEZYNE STRATEGIC COLLABORATIONS 243
• VERENIUM CORP. 244
• VERENIUM CORP. (CONTINUED) 245

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