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Market Research Report

Water Technology Markets: Key opportunities and emerging trends

Published by Global Water Intelligence
Published July, 2009 Product code 94757
Content info 320 PAGES
Price
US $ 2100 Electronic files by E-mail and CD-ROM


Water Technology Markets: Key opportunities and emerging trends published by Global Water Intelligence in July, 2009. This report consists of 320 PAGES and the price starts from US $ 2100.

Introduction

Abstract

The water sector is facing greater challenges than ever before: population growth, climate change, increased water scarcity, tougher environmental regulation, and dwindling public finances. As we confront these issues, only one thing stands between success and failure: water technology.

It is a subject which has been neglected over the years. The pipe, the pump and the valve have been enough to meet our needs but suddenly investment in new technologies has become imperative.

The report divides in to five main sections:

  • 1) Market Overview: How does the water technology market work? What are the routes to market and the methods of procurement? What is the market structure and how is it evolving?
  • 2) Market Drivers: Where and why is innovation a necessity in the water sector? How is climate change affecting the sector? What is the impact of environmental regulation? Where are utilities looking to cut costs?
  • 3) Disruptive Technologies: Which purport to offer a radical new solution to the challenges facing utilities? Are they likely to deliver what they promise? Which are the top ten technologies that are going to make the biggest difference?
  • 4) Growth Markets: Where is the best growth in the water equipment supply market coming from? What are the dynamics of these markets? Will they continue to grow at the same rate?
  • 5) Water Technology Market Map: How do the 3,000 companies which compete in the global water technology market fit together?

Also included are global market size estimates and growth forecasts for the three main growth areas: desalination & membrane separation, disinfection and infrastructure.

Table of Contents

Foreword

Executive summary

1. Introduction: The challenge of water technology

  • 1.1 What is the water technology market?
    • Figure 1.1 Global water market overview
  • 1.2 Market forecasts
    • Figure 1.2 Global water market forecast to 2016
    • Figure 1.3 Compound annual growth rate of water market sectors 2007- 2016
    • Figure 1.4 Global water market forecast by region to 2016
  • 1.3 Municipal procurement
    • 1.3.1 Municipal procurement in America
    • 1.3.2 Municipal procurement in the rest of the world
  • 1.4 Industrial market procurement
  • 1.5 The challenge for new technology
  • 1.6 Fragmentation
  • 1.7 Market structure
  • 1.8 Consolidation in water technology
  • 1.9 Cracking the market
    • Figure 1.5 Overcoming the obstacles to new technologies in the desalination sector
  • 1.10 Investing in water technology

2. Drivers

  • 2.1 Energy
    • Figure 2.1 Energy Requirements for Water Treatment, Water Distribution and Wastewater Management
    • 2.1.1 Rising energy costs will increase the cost of water services
    • 2.1.2 Urbanisation and water scarcity will make water service provision more energy intensive
    • 2.1.3 Reducing greenhouse gas emissions will promote energy efficiency and recovery
    • 2.1.4 There is potential for net energy generation from wastewater treatment
      • Figure 2.2 Electricity requirements for activated sludge wastewater
    • 2.1.5 There are significant opportunities for improvements in distribution system energy efficiency
  • 2.2 Water Scarcity
    • 2.2.1 The basics
      • Figure 2.3 The dynamics of water demand 1900 - 2025
      • Figure 2.4 Worldwide water availability 2025
      • Figure 2.5 Worldwide water availability by region 2025
    • 2.2.2 Climate Change will have negative effects on water availability
    • 2.2.3 Non-renewable Groundwater Resources are being depleted
  • 2.3 Sludge Disposal
    • 2.3.1 Large quantities of sludge have to be disposed of annually
    • 2.3.2 Sludge Treatment and Disposal Costs represent a significant portion of overall treatment costs
    • 2.3.3 Tighter regulatory limits will increase treatment costs and pressuries existing disposal routes
    • 2.3.4 Waste sludge represents a potential source of energy
    • 2.3.5 Sewage sludge represents a source for resource recovery
  • 2.4 Nutrient Removal
    • 2.4.1 Nutrient limits are at the forefront of new discharge limits for wastewater treatment plants
    • 2.4.2 Nutrient Trading may provide additional financial incentives to reduce nutrient discharges
    • 2.4.3 Interest in resource recovery will promote wastewater nutrient recovery technologies
  • 2.5 The infrastructure gap
  • 2.6 Ageing infrastructure
    • Figure 2.6 The age of U.S. water and wastewater pipe
    • Figure 2.7 Non-revenue water: top 20 losers
  • 2.7 Emerging contaminants
    • 2.7.1 Emerging Contaminants in Wastewater Treatment Plants
    • 2.7.2 Potential regulatory Limits for emerging contaminants
    • 2.7.3 Concerns regarding long term impact of emerging contaminants on the Environment
    • 2.7.4 Human health concerns
      • 2.7.4.1 Microbial resistance to antibiotics
      • 2.7.4.2 Endocrine disrupting effects
  • 2.8 Drivers - Summary
    • Figure 2.8 Summary of drivers

3. Wastewater treatment

  • 3.1 Introduction
    • 3.1.1 Overview
    • 3.1.2 Market forecast
      • Figure 3.1 Wastewater treatment plant market forecast
      • Figure 3.2 Sludge management market forecast
  • 3.2 Energy Management
    • 3.2.1 Energy from wastewater
      • 3.2.1.1 Concept
      • 3.2.1.2 Development Stage
      • 3.2.1.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 3.2.1.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.2.1.5 Advantages
      • 3.2.1.6 Issues
    • 3.2.2 Anaerobic Membrane Bioreactor
      • 3.2.2.1 Concept
      • 3.2.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.2.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.2.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.2.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.2.2.6 Issues
      • 3.2.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.2.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.2.2.9 Companies offering anaerobic membrane bioreactors
    • 3.2.3 Microbial Fuel Cells
      • 3.2.3.1 Concept
      • 3.2.3.2 Development Stage
      • 3.2.3.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.2.3.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.2.3.5 Advantages
      • 3.2.3.6 Issues
      • 3.2.3.7 Current Status
      • 3.2.3.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.2.3.9 Examples of Companies offering microbial fuel cells
  • 3.3 Energy efficient primary treatment
    • 3.3.1 Chemically Enhanced Primary Treatment
      • 3.3.1.1 Concept
      • 3.3.1.2 Development Stage
      • 3.3.1.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.3.1.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.3.1.5 Advantages
      • 3.3.1.6 Current Status
        • Figure 3.3 DensaDegTM Treatment Process
        • Figure 3.4 Process diagram for the Actiflo"! process
      • 3.3.1.7 Issues
      • 3.3.1.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.3.1.9 Companies offering chemically enhanced primary treatment
    • 3.3.2 Energy Efficient Aeration
      • 3.3.2.1 Concept
      • 3.3.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.3.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.3.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.5 Vertreat"! Process Flow Diagram
      • 3.3.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.3.2.6 Issues
      • 3.3.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.3.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.3.2.9 Companies offering energy efficient aeration
  • 3.4 Using waste heat
    • 3.4.1 Waste heat recovery
      • 3.4.1.1 Concept
      • 3.4.1.2 Development Stage
      • 3.4.1.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.4.1.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.4.1.5 Advantages
      • 3.4.1.6 Issues
      • 3.4.1.7 Current Status
      • 3.4.1.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.4.1.9 Examples of Companies offering waste heat recovery technology
    • 3.4.2 Waste Heat to Electricity - Organic Rankine Cycle
      • 3.4.2.1 Concept
      • 3.4.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.4.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.4.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.6 Organic Rankine Cycle Process Diagram
      • 3.4.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.4.2.6 Issues
      • 3.4.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.4.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.4.2.9 Examples of companies offering the organic rankine cycle
  • 3.5 Biogas to energy
    • 3.5.1 Introduction
    • 3.5.2 Stirling engines
      • 3.5.2.1 Concept
      • 3.5.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.5.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 3.5.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.5.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.5.2.6 Issues
      • 3.5.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.5.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.5.2.9 Companies offering Stirling engines suitable for WWTPs
    • 3.5.3 Fuel Cells
      • 3.5.3.1 Concept
      • 3.5.3.2 Development Stage
      • 3.5.3.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.5.3.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.5.3.5 Advantages
      • 3.5.3.6 Issues
      • 3.5.3.7 Current Status
      • 3.5.3.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.5.3.9 Examples of vompanies offering fuel cells
    • 3.5.4 Microturbines
      • 3.5.4.1 Concept
      • 3.5.4.2 Development Stage
      • 3.5.4.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.5.4.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.5.4.5 Advantages
      • 3.5.4.6 Issues
      • 3.5.4.7 Current Status
      • 3.5.4.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.5.4.9 Companies offering microturbines
    • 3.5.5 Biogas treatment for siloxane removal
      • 3.5.5.1 Concept
      • 3.5.5.2 Development Stage
      • 3.5.5.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 3.5.5.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.5.5.5 Advantages
      • 3.5.5.6 Issues
      • 3.5.5.7 Current Status
      • 3.5.5.8 Companies offering activated carbon technology specifically for siloxane removal
  • 3.6 Making sludge / wastewater useful
    • 3.6.1 Sludge to oil - pyrolysis
      • 3.6.1.1 Concept
      • 3.6.1.2 Development Stage
      • 3.6.1.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.6.1.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.6.1.5 Advantages
      • 3.6.1.6 Issues
      • 3.6.1.7 Current Status
    • 3.6.2 Sludge to solid fuels
      • 3.6.2.1 Concept
      • 3.6.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.6.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.6.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.7 Flow digram of the SlurryCarb"! Process.
      • 3.6.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.6.2.6 Issues
      • 3.6.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.6.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.6.2.9 Companies offering sludge to solid fuels
    • 3.6.3 Bioplastics from wastewater
      • 3.6.3.1 Concept
      • 3.6.3.2 Development stage
      • 3.6.3.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 3.6.3.4 How does the technology solve the problem
      • 3.6.3.5 Advantages
      • 3.6.3.6 Issues
      • 3.6.3.7 Current Status
      • 3.6.3.8 Potential/Verdict
  • 3.7 Sludge Treatment and Disposal
    • 3.7.1 Sludge pretreatment
      • 3.7.1.1 Concept
      • 3.7.1.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.1.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.7.1.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.8 Sludge pretreatment technologies
      • 3.7.1.5 Advantages of the Technology
      • 3.7.1.6 Issues
      • 3.7.1.7 Current Status
      • 3.7.1.8 Potential/Verdict
    • 3.7.2 Thermal pretreatment
      • 3.7.2.1 Concept
      • 3.7.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.2.3 How does the technology work?
      • 3.7.2.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.2.5 Issues
      • 3.7.2.6 Current Status
      • 3.7.2.7 Potential/Verdict
    • 3.7.3 Electroporation pretreatment
      • 3.7.3.1 Concept
      • 3.7.3.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.3.3 How does the technology work?
        • Figure 3.9 Basic bacterial cell structure
      • 3.7.3.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.3.5 Issues
      • 3.7.3.6 Current Status
      • 3.7.3.7 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.3.8 Companies offering electroportion pretreatment
    • 3.7.4 Pulse power electrical arc discharge pretreatment
      • 3.7.4.1 Concept
      • 3.7.4.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.4.3 How does the technology work?
      • 3.7.4.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.4.5 Issues
      • 3.7.4.6 Current Status
      • 3.7.4.7 Potential/Verdict
    • 3.7.5 Lysate-thickening centrifuge pretreatment
      • 3.7.5.1 Concept
      • 3.7.5.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.5.3 How does it work?
        • Figure 3.10 Typical lysate thickening centrifuge
      • 3.7.5.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.5.5 Issues
      • 3.7.5.6 Current Status
      • 3.7.5.7 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.5.8 Companies offering a lysate thickening centrifuge
    • 3.7.6 Ultrasonic pretreatment
      • 3.7.6.1 Concept
      • 3.7.6.2 Development stage
      • 3.7.6.3 How does the technology work?
      • 3.7.6.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.6.5 Issues
      • 3.7.6.6 Current status
      • 3.7.6.7 Potential/verdict
      • 3.7.6.8 Companies offering ultrasonic pretreatment
    • 3.7.7 Pressure homogenisation pretreatment
      • 3.7.7.1 Concept
      • 3.7.7.2 How does the technology work?
      • 3.7.7.3 Advantages
      • 3.7.7.4 Issues
      • 3.7.7.5 Current Status
      • 3.7.7.6 Companies offering pressure homogenisation pretreatment
    • 3.7.8 Implementation of two phase anaerobic digestion - Enhanced Enzymic Hydrolysis
      • 3.7.8.1 Concept
      • 3.7.8.2 Development stage
      • 3.7.8.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.7.8.4 How does the technology work?
      • 3.7.8.5 Advantages
      • 3.7.8.6 Issues
      • 3.7.8.7 Current status
      • 3.7.8.8 Potential / verdict
      • 3.7.8.9 Companies offering this technology
    • 3.7.9 Ozonation
      • 3.7.9.1 Concept
      • 3.7.9.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.9.3 How does it work?
      • 3.7.9.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.9.5 Current Status
      • 3.7.9.6 Issues
      • 3.7.9.7 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.9.8 Companies offering ozonation
    • 3.7.10 Electro-osmosis sludge dewatering
      • 3.7.10.1 Concept
      • 3.7.10.2 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.7.10.3 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.7.10.4 Advantages
      • 3.7.10.5 Issues
      • 3.7.10.6 Current Status
      • 3.7.10.7 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.10.8 Companies offering electro-osmosis sludge dewatering
    • 3.7.11 Solar sludge drying
      • 3.7.11.1 Concept
      • 3.7.11.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.11.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.7.11.4 How dpes the technology solve the problem
      • 3.7.11.5 Advantages
      • 3.7.11.6 Issues
      • 3.7.11.7 Current Status
      • 3.7.11.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.11.9 Companies offering solar drying
    • 3.7.12 Supercritical Wet Air Oxidation (SCWO)
      • 3.7.12.1 Concept
      • 3.7.12.2 Development Stage
      • 3.7.12.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.7.12.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.7.12.5 Advantages
      • 3.7.12.6 Issues
      • 3.7.12.7 Current Status
      • 3.7.12.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.7.12.9 Companies offering SCWO
  • 3.8 Nutrient removal / recovery
    • 3.8.1 Side-stream Treatment
      • Figure 3.11 Process flow diagram of a WWTP with Side-stream Treatment
    • 3.8.2 SHARON / ANAMMOX Nitrogen Removal
      • 3.8.2.1 Concept
      • 3.8.2.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.8.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.12 SHARON and ANAMMOX reactors
      • 3.8.2.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.2.6 Issues
      • 3.8.2.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.2.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.2.9 Companies offering SHARON/ANAMMOX
    • 3.8.3 DEamMONification (DEMON)
      • 3.8.3.1 Concept
      • 3.8.3.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.3.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.8.3.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.8.3.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.3.6 Issues
      • 3.8.3.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.3.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.3.9 Companies offering DEMON
    • 3.8.4 Ammonia Recovery Process (ARP)
      • 3.8.4.1 Concept
      • 3.8.4.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.4.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 3.8.4.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.8.4.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.4.6 Issues
      • 3.8.4.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.4.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.4.9 Companies offering the Ammonia Recovery Process
    • 3.8.5 Phosphorus Recovery as Struvite
      • 3.8.5.1 Concept
      • 3.8.5.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.5.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.8.5.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
        • Figure 3.13 Struvite precipitation process diagram
      • 3.8.5.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.5.6 Issues
      • 3.8.5.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.5.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.5.9 Companies offering phosphorus recovery as struvite
    • 3.8.6 Phosphorus Recovery from Sewage Sludge
      • 3.8.6.1 Concept
      • 3.8.6.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.6.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.8.6.4 How does it solve it?
      • 3.8.6.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.6.6 Issues
      • 3.8.6.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.6.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.6.9 Companies offering phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge
    • 3.8.7 Phosphorus Recovery directly from Wastewater
      • 3.8.7.1 Concept
      • 3.8.7.2 Development Stage
      • 3.8.7.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
      • 3.8.7.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • 3.8.7.5 Advantages
      • 3.8.7.6 Issues
      • 3.8.7.7 Current Status
      • 3.8.7.8 Potential/Verdict
      • 3.8.7.9 Companies offering phosphorus recovery directly from wastewater
  • 3.9 Co-digestion
    • 3.9.1 Concept
    • 3.9.2 Development Stage
    • 3.9.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 3.9.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
    • 3.9.5 Advantages
    • 3.9.6 Issues
    • 3.9.7 Current status
    • 3.9.8 Potential/Verdict
    • 3.9.9 Companies offering co-digestion

4. Membrane treatment and desalination

  • 4.1 Introduction
    • 4.1.1 Current technology status
      • 4.1.1.1 Thermal desalination: MSF
        • Figure 4.1 Multi-Stage Flash desalination
      • 4.1.1.2 Thermal desalination: MED
        • Figure 4.2 The Multi-Effect Distillation desalination process
        • Figure 4.3 The top ten MED plants by capacity in the world (by contract date)
      • 4.1.1.3 Membrane desalination: Reverse osmosis
        • Figure 4.4 The Reverse Osmosis desalination process
        • Figure 4.5 Best hope for reducing desalination cost survey, 2009
      • 4.1.1.4 Membrane desalination: Electrodialysis
        • Figure 4.6 The electrodialysis desalination process
    • 4.1.2 Desalination process trends
      • Figure 4.7 Global contracted desalination capacity by technology
    • 4.1.3 Desalination cost comparisons
      • Figure 4.8 Relative operating costs of the main desalination processes
      • Figure 4.9 Actual desalinated water prices
      • Figure 4.10 Capital cost of recent SWRO desalination plants
      • Figure 4.11 Segmental RO capital costs
      • Figure 4.12 Segmental MED capital costs
      • Figure 4.13 Segmental MSF capital costs
    • 4.1.4 The desalination market-place
      • 4.1.4.1 Desalination subsystems: pretreatment
        • Figure 4.14 UF pretreatment market
        • Figure 4.15 UF/MF membranes in pretreatment for SWRO sales forecast 2007-2016
      • 4.1.4.2 Desalination subsystems: reverse osmosis membranes
        • Figure 4.16 RO flux rates, 1978-2006
        • Figure 4.17 RO membrane market forecast
      • 4.1.4.3 Desalination subsystems: energy recovery
        • Figure 4.18 Energy recovery devices: market share by supplier
    • 4.1.5 The desalination market
      • Figure 4.19 Annual cumulative desalination capacity: contracted and installed
      • Figure 4.20 Annual additional desalination capacity: contracted and installed
      • Figure 4.21 Desalination market forecast to 2016: annual contracted capacity
      • Figure 4.22 Capital expenditure on desalination plants forecast (2009 -2016)
      • Figure 4.23 Top 20 desalination markets by new contracted capacity (forecast)
      • Figure 4.24 Top 20 desalination markets by capital expenditure (forecast)
    • 4.1.6 New desalination technologies
    • 4.1.7 Renewable energy in desalination
    • 4.1.8 Low-pressure membranes
    • 4.1.8.1 The main membrane processes
      • Figure 4.25 Membrane characteristics
    • 4.1.8.2 The low-pressure membrane market
      • Figure 4.26 Low-pressure membrane market forecast
      • Figure 4.27 Membrane bioreactor (MBR) market forecast
      • Figure 4.28 UF/MF membrane market forecast for drinking water applications
      • Figure 4.29 UF/MF membrane market forecast for tertiary wastewater applications
      • Figure 4.30 UF/MF membrane market forecast for tertiary wastewater applications
      • Figure 4.31 UF/MF membrane market forecast for desalination pretreatment applications
  • 4.2 New membrane technologies
    • 4.2.1 Nano-engineered membranes
    • 4.2.2 Concept
    • 4.2.3 Thin film nanocomposite membranes
    • 4.2.4 Aquaporin
      • Figure 4.32 Passage of water molecules through aquaporin
    • 4.2.5 Carbon Nanotubes
  • 4.3 Membrane distillation
    • 4.3.1 Concept
    • 4.3.2 Development Stage
    • 4.3.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 4.3.4 How does the technology solve the problem
      • Figure 4.33 Four common configurations of membrane distillation
      • 4.3.4.1 The DutyionTM Root Hydration System (dRHSTM)
      • 4.3.4.2 MemstillR
    • 4.3.5 Advantages
      • 4.3.5.1 The DutyionTM Root Hydration System (dRHSTM)
      • 4.3.5.2 MemstillR
    • 4.3.6 Issues
    • 4.3.7 Current Status
      • 4.3.7.1 The Dutyion TM Root Hydration System (dRHS TM)
      • 4.3.7.2 MemstillR
      • 4.3.7.3 Joint project between UNESCO Centre for Membrane Science & Technology, University of New South Wales and University of Sydney
    • 4.3.8 Potential / Verdict
    • 4.3.9 Companies Offering this Technology
  • 4.4 Forward osmosis
    • 4.4.1 Concept
    • 4.4.2 How the technology works
    • 4.4.3 Advantages
      • 4.4.3.1 Fresh water production
        • Figure 4.34 Fresh water production using forward osmosis
      • 4.4.3.2 Hybrid Arrangement
        • Figure 4.35 Hybrid FO - RO arrangement
      • 4.4.3.3 Power Production
        • Figure 4.36 Power production using pressure retarded osmosis
    • 4.4.4 Issues
    • 4.4.5 Current status
    • 4.4.6 Potential / Verdct
  • 4.5 Deep Sea Reverse Osmosis
    • 4.5.1 Concept
    • 4.5.2 How the technology works
      • Figure 4.37 Deep sea reverse osmosis - system arrangement
    • 4.5.3 Advantages
    • 4.5.4 Issues
    • 4.5.5 Current status
  • 4.6 Salt recovery and zero liquid discharge
    • 4.6.1 Concept
    • 4.6.2 Development stage
    • 4.6.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 4.6.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
    • 4.6.5 Advantages
    • 4.6.6 Issues
    • 4.6.7 Current Status
    • 4.6.8 Potential/Verdict

5. Disinfection Technologies Market

  • Figure 5.1 Overall disinfection market forecast
  • 5.1 Ultraviolet (UV) radiation systems
    • 5.1.1 Concept
    • 5.1.2 How does the technology solve the problem
      • 5.1.2.1 Effect of ultraviolet radiation
        • Figure 5.2 UV light destroys microorganisms by changing the genetic information of DNA
      • 5.1.2.2 1UV-C Production
        • Figure 5.3 UV-C in the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation
      • 5.1.2.3 Dose and germicidal destruction relationship
        • Figure 5.4 Effect on Escherichia coli (waterborne indicator pathogen) at 5.4 mJ/cm2 dose
        • Figure 5.5 Dose requirements for some common microorganisms
        • Figure 5.6 Dose requirements for some common microorganisms
      • 5.1.2.4 Parameters influencing the effect of UV treatment
    • 5.1.3 Advantages
    • 5.1.4 Issues
    • 5.1.5 Market analysis
      • 5.1.5.1 Western Europe
      • 5.1.5.2 North America
      • 5.1.5.3 East Asia Pacific and South Asia
    • 5.1.6 Major companies offering UV radiation systems
      • Figure 5.7 Overall UV market forecast
      • Figure 5.18 UV systems market forecast
  • 5.2 High Reflectivity UV Chambers
    • 5.2.1 Concept:
    • 5.2.2 Development Stage:
    • 5.2.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
    • 5.2.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
      • Figure 5.8 Conventional and high reflectivity UV chambers
    • 5.2.5 Advantages
    • 5.2.6 Issues
    • 5.2.7 Current Status
    • 5.2.8 Potential/Verdict
    • 5.2.9 Companies offering high reflectivity UV chambers
  • 5.3 Ozonation
    • 5.3.1 Concept
    • 5.3.2 How does the technology solve the problem
      • 5.3.2.1 How ozone works in disinfection
        • Figure 5.9 Impact of wastewater constituents on the use of ozone for wastewater disinfection
      • 5.3.2.2 Ozone production
        • Figure 5.10 Air discharge (also known as silent or corona discharge)
        • Figure 5.11 A depiction of ozone production by high voltage electricity
        • Figure 5.12 Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Cell
        • Figure 5.13 PEM Ozone System
      • 5.3.2.3 Ozone disinfection system components
      • 5.3.3 Advantages
    • 5.3.4 Issues
    • 5.3.5 Market analysis
      • 5.3.5.1 Western Europe
      • 5.3.5.2 North America
      • 5.3.5.3 East Asia Pacific and South Asia
      • 5.3.5.4 Growth
      • 5.3.5.5 New applications and challenges:
      • 5.3.5.6 History:
    • 5.3.6 Major companies operating in this market
      • Figure 5.14 Ozone systems market forecast
  • 5.4 Chlorination
    • 5.4.1 Concept
    • 5.4.2 How does the technology solve the problem
    • 5.4.3 Chlorination chemicals Market
    • 5.4.4 Chlorination equipment Market
    • 5.4.5 Advantages
    • 5.4.6 Issues
    • 5.4.7 Market analysis
      • 5.4.7.1 Chlorination chemicals market
      • 5.4.7.2 Chlorination equipment market
    • 5.4.8 Major companies operating in the chlorination chemicals market
      • Figure 5.15 Chlorination market forecast
  • 5.5 Advanced Oxidation Technologies
    • 5.5.1 Concept
    • 5.5.2 Development Stage
    • 5.5.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 5.5.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
    • 5.5.5 Advantages
    • 5.5.6 Issues
    • 5.5.7 Current Status
    • 5.5.8 Potential/Verdict
    • 5.5.9 Companies offering advanced oxidation technologies
      • Figure 5.16 Advanced oxidation and other market forecast
  • 5.6 Ultrasound treatment of wastewater
    • 5.6.1 Concept
    • 5.6.2 Development stage
    • 5.6.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 5.6.4 How does the technology solve the problem?
    • 5.6.5 Advantages
    • 5.6.6 Issues
    • 5.6.7 Current status
    • 5.6.8 Potential / verdict
  • 5.7 Bromine Based Disinfection
    • 5.7.1 Concept:
    • 5.7.2 Development Stage:
    • 5.7.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve
    • 5.7.4 How does the technology solve the problem
    • 5.7.5 Advantages
    • 5.7.6 Issues
    • 5.7.7 Companies offering bromine based disinfection
  • 5.8 Pasteurisation with waste heat
    • 5.8.1 Concept
    • 5.8.2 Development Stage
    • 5.8.3 What problem does the technology aim to solve?
    • 5.8.4 How does the technology solve the problem
      • Figure 5.17 Pasteurization Technology Group Process Diagram
    • 5.8.5 Advantages
    • 5.8.6 Issues
    • 5.8.7 Current Status
    • 5.8.8 Potential/Verdict
    • 5.8.9 Companies offering pasteurisation with waste heat
  • 5.9 Water Quality Testing
    • 5.9.1 The paradox of water quality testing
    • 5.9.2 The water quality testing market
    • 5.9.3 Market Analysis
      • 5.9.3.1 Laboratories
      • 5.9.3.2 Specialty equipment

6. Infrastructure

  • 6.1 Introduction
    • 6.1.1 The infrastructure challenge
    • 6.1.2 Forecast
      • Figure 6.1 Infrastructure market forecast
  • 6.2 Pumps
    • 6.2.1 Concept
    • 6.2.2 Submersible pumps
    • 6.2.3 Non-submersible pumps
      • 6.2.3.1 Dynamic pumps
      • 6.2.3.2 Positive Displacement (PD) pumps
    • 6.2.4 Market analysis
      • 6.2.4.1 Pump market
        • Figure 6.2 Pumps market forecast
  • 6.3 Valve Market
    • 6.3.1 Market analysis
      • Figure 6.3 Global valves market forecast
  • 6.4 Non Revenue Water (Physical Losses):Leak reduction and pipe equipment
    • Figure 6.4 A standard water balance
    • Figure 6.5 Major factors that influence leakage
    • 6.4.1 Leak reduction
      • 6.4.1.1 Concept
    • 6.4.2 What problem does the technology aim to solve
    • 6.4.3 How does the technology solve the problem
      • Figure 6.6 The 4-Component Approach towards water loss reduction
      • 6.4.3.1 Pressure management
      • 6.4.3.2 Active leakage control
        • Figure 6.7 The correlating technique
      • 6.4.3.3 Speed and quality of repairs
      • 6.4.3.4 District Metered Areas (DMA) - Zone flow analysis
    • 6.4.4 Market analysis:
      • 6.4.4.1 Non revenue water service market
    • 6.4.5 Pipe management - New lay and rehabilitation
      • 6.4.5.1 Concept
      • 6.4.5.2 What problem does the technology aim to solve
      • 6.4.5.3 How does the technology solve the problem
    • 6.4.6 Market analysis
      • 6.4.6.1 Pipe equipment market (new lay and rehabilitation)
      • 6.4.6.2 Pipe materials market
        • Figure 6.8 Technologies used for drinking water pipe repair (market share)
        • Figure 6.9 Technologies used for sewer pipe repair (market share)
      • 6.4.6.3 Market dynamics
        • Figure 6.10 Pipes market forecast
  • 6.5 Metering Control
    • 6.5.1 Concept
    • 6.5.2 How does the technology work?
      • Figure 6.11 The relationship between meter transmission units (MTU),the data collector unit (DCU), the network control computer and the utility company
    • 6.5.3 Advantages
      • Figure 6.12 The effect of the installation of water meters on consumption in a block of 120 flats in 1980.
    • 6.5.4 Issues
    • 6.5.5 Potential / Verdict
      • Figure 6.13 Global meter coverage in 101 countries in 2008
      • Figure 6.14 Meters market forecast
    • 6.5.6 Major companies offering metering control
      • Figure 6.15 Water meter suppliers: global market share
  • 6.6 Water Management Software
    • 6.6.1 Market analysis
  • 6.7 Decentralised networks

7. Water Technology Market Map

Appendix A: Interviewees and acknowledgements

Appendix B: Classification system

Appendix C: References

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