2009 Digital (Solid-State) Head Up Display (HUD) Report

Published by	Insight Media
Published	April, 2009	Product code	85189
Content info	137 pages
Price	US $ 3500 PDF By E-mail (Site License)

Introduction
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2009 Digital (Solid-State) Head Up Display (HUD) Report published by Insight Media in April, 2009. This report consists of 137 pages and the price starts from US $ 3500.

Introduction

Abstract

The Need:

Vehicular Head Up Displays (HUDs), which are viewed through the windshield and present imagery overlaid on the operator' s real worldview, have been a vital part of tactical military airplanes since the 1970s, where they are essential for successful mission execution. More recently, these displays have moved into the mainstream of civil aircraft (transports and business jets), where they are instrumental in improving safety and all-weather operability. HUDs have long occupied a niche in the automotive market as well. But as HUD technologies and the level of information available for display in vehicles continue to improve, developers and suppliers want to know if their limited market share will increase, based on considerations of safety and convenience.

Early avionic HUDs used CRT image sources, while first- and second-generation automotive HUDs were often based on segmented incandescent or vacuum fluorescent displays. In a convergence of technologies, modern HUDs, regardless of market segment, are incorporating active matrix digital imagers with long-life solid-state illuminators (LEDs or lasers). Scanned laser technology is demonstrating its viability in automotive markets as well.

These advances in HUD technology and performance improvements are expected to continue, and to open new opportunities for HUD users, manufacturers and their suppliers. As a result, there is a need for an evaluation of digital, solid-state HUD technologies, price and performance, and comparison of these parameters to the existing and forecast markets for HUDs across a range of potential applications.

Report Objective:

The objective of this report is to provide product managers, business planners, technologists, engineers, vehicle designers, system integrators and users with the information needed to evaluate new applications for digital HUDs, as well as the performance features and essential technologies needed to make them possible. The required information needed to make these decisions, including technology solution, technology trends, performance data, cost information, sales and market opportunities are forecast from 2009 thru 2017.

1 Executive Summary 9

1.1. Overview 9
1.2. Forecast Summary 11
- 1.2.1. Automotive HUDs 11
- 1.2.2. Tactical Aircraft 14
- 1.2.3. Civilian Aircraft 16
1.3. Opportunity Analysis 18
- 1.3.1. Automotive HUDs 18
- 1.3.2. Tactical Aircraft HUDs 19
- 1.3.3. Civil Aircraft 19

2 HUD Overview 21

2.1. What is a HUD? 24
2.2. Key HUD Parameters 25
- 2.2.1. Field of View 25
- 2.2.2. Resolution 26
- 2.2.3. Brightness/Contrast 26
- 2.2.4. Dimming Range 27
- 2.2.5. Brightness Uniformity 27
- 2.2.6. Combiner Transmittance 27
- 2.2.7. Accuracy 28
- 2.2.8. Latency 28
2.3. How Are HUDs Used? 28
- 2.3.1. Automotive HUDs 28
- 2.3.2. Airplane HUDs 33
2.4. Digital (Solid State) HUDs 33
- 2.4.1. Why a Digital HUD? 34

3 Digital HUD Technology Overview 37

3.1. System Description 37
- 3.1.1. Automotive HUD Installation 37
- 3.1.2. Civil Aircraft HUD Installation 38
- 3.1.3. Tactical HUD Installation 39
3.2. Digital HUD Architectures 40
- 3.2.1. Automotive HUD 40
- 3.2.2. Aviation HUD 42
  - 3.2.2.1. BAE Systems Q-HUD 45
  - 3.2.2.2. Elbit Systems/Kollsman Micro-Vis HUD 48
3.3. HUD Performance Breakdown 49
3.4. Aircraft HUDs - Transport vs. Tactical 52
- 3.4.1. Solar Loading 52
- 3.4.2. Sun Ball Reflections 53
3.5. Tier 2 (HUD Subassembly) Overview 55
- 3.5.1. Combiner 55
- 3.5.2. Imager 57
  - 3.5.2.1. Digital Light Processing (DLP) 57
  - 3.5.2.2. AMLCD 58
  - 3.5.2.3. LCOS Microdisplay 59
- 3.5.3. Light source 59
  - 3.5.3.1. LED 59
  - 3.5.3.2. Laser 61
- 3.5.4. Collection Optics 62
- 3.5.5. Projector Screen (Microdisplay Image Engine) 63

4 HUD Market Description and Forecast 64

4.1. Introduction 64
4.2. Automobiles 65
- 4.2.1. The Case for HUDs in Cars 65
- 4.2.2. HUDs in Current Production Cars 66
- 4.2.3. Automotive HUD Pricing 67
- 4.2.4. Forecasting Methodology 68
  - 4.2.4.1. Establishing HUD Market Penetration 70
  - 4.2.4.2. Value Proposition Factors 72
- 4.2.5. Automotive HUD Sales Forecasts 72
  - 4.2.5.1. Sports Car Evaluation Matrix and Unit Sales Forecast 73
  - 4.2.5.2. Super & High Luxury Car Evaluation Matrix and Unit Forecast 76
  - 4.2.5.3. Near-Luxury Car Evaluation Matrix and Unit Forecast 79
- 4.2.6. Automotive HUD Unit and Revenue Forecasts 82
  - 4.2.6.1. Total HUD Unit Sales Forecast 82
  - 4.2.6.2. HUD Revenue Forecast 85
- 4.2.7. Other Automotive HUD Markets 85
  - 4.2.7.1. Aftermarket HUDs 85
  - 4.2.7.2. The Commercial Truck Market 87
4.3. Tactical Aircraft 88
- 4.3.1. The Case for Digital HUDs in Tactical Aircraft 88
- 4.3.2. New HUDs for Old Airplanes 90
  - 4.3.2.1. Wide Field of View HUDs - A Special Case 93
- 4.3.3. Operational Tactical Aircraft 94
  - 4.3.3.1. F-35 Joint Strike Fighter 95
- 4.3.4. Digital HUD Total Available Market (TAM) 96
- 4.3.5. Digital HUD Market Forecast for Tactical Aircraft 97
4.4. HUDs for Civil Aircraft 105
- 4.4.1. Commercial Transports 106
  - 4.4.1.1. Commercial Transport HUD Forecast 108
  - 4.4.1.2. Business Jet Market Overview 111
  - 4.4.1.3. Very Light Jets (VLJ) 116

5 Suppliers 120

5.1. Automobile HUD Suppliers and Products 120
- 5.1.1. VDO 120
- 5.1.2. DENSO 121
- 5.1.3. Nippon Seiki 121
- 5.1.4. Delphi 122
- 5.1.5. Visteon 123
- 5.1.6. Robert Bosch GmbH 123
5.2. Airplane HUD Suppliers 123
- 5.2.1. Rockwell Collins Display Systems 125
- 5.2.2. Rockwell Collins HGS 126
- 5.2.3. BAE Systems 127
- 5.2.4. Thales 128
- 5.2.5. Elbit Systems 128
- 5.2.6. CMC Electronics 129
- 5.2.7. GE Aviation 130
- 5.2.8. Honeywell 131
- 5.2.9. Other HUD Suppliers / Developers 131
  - 5.2.9.1. Bharat Electronics 131
  - 5.2.9.2. Combat Displays / SCRAM Technologies 132
5.3. Tier 2 Suppliers 132
- 5.3.1. Combiners 133
  - 5.3.1.1. Kaiser Optical Systems 133
  - 5.3.1.2. AFE Technology Coatings 133
  - 5.3.1.3. Elcan Optical Systems 133
  - 5.3.1.4. QiOptiq 133
  - 5.3.1.5. ELOP 134
- 5.3.2. Imagers 134
  - 5.3.2.1. DLP 134
  - 5.3.2.2. LCOS 134
  - 5.3.2.3. LCD 134
  - 5.3.2.4. Scanned Laser 134
- 5.3.3. Illumination 135
  - 5.3.3.1. LEDs 135
  - 5.3.3.2. Lasers 136

Table of Figures

Figure 1: Expected Auto HUD Unit Forecast by Segment (WW) 12
Figure 2: Range of Auto HUD Sales (WW) 13
Figure 3: Range of Auto HUD Revenue (WW) 13
Figure 4: Expected Tactical HUD Sales by Segment (WW) 14
Figure 5: Expected Tactical HUD Revenue by Segment (WW) 14
Figure 6: Tactical Aircraft HUD Units Sales (WW) 15
Figure 7: Tactical Aircraft HUD Revenue (WW) 15
Figure 8: Expected Civil Aircraft HUD sales by Segment (WW) 16
Figure 9: Expected Civil HUD Revenues by Segment (WW) 16
Figure 10: Range of Civilian Aircraft HUD Sales (WW) 17
Figure 11: Range of Civilian HUD Revenue (WW) 17
Figure 12: HUD View Through the Cockpit Windscreen 22
Figure 13: Synthetic Vision System (SVS) Image 22
Figure 14: Automobile HUD (BMW M5) 23
Figure 15: HUD Block Diagram 24
Figure 16: HUD Instantaneous Field of View 25
Figure 17: Instantaneous FOV - Dual Combiner HUD 26
Figure 18: HUD Functionality: Automotive vs. Aircraft 29
Figure 19: ALViS Projection Concept Model 31
Figure 20: SuperImaging / GM HUD Concept (Edge-of-Pavement Indicator) 31
Figure 21: Surround-View System Enhances Driver Situation Awareness 32
Figure 22: Automotive HUD Installation 37
Figure 23: Typical Automotive HUD Optical Layout (2 Mirror) 38
Figure 24: Typical Automotive HUD Optical Layout (4 Mirror) 38
Figure 25: Air Transport HUD Installation 39
Figure 26: Tactical HUD Installation 39
Figure 27: LCOS RGB HUD Image Engine 40
Figure 28: Image Produced by a Microvision HUD Evaluation Kit 41
Figure 29: Two-Color Microvision Scanned-Laser HUD Image 41
Figure 30: Virtual Cable Automobile HUD 42
Figure 31: Some Digital HUD Engine Architectures 43
Figure 32: Excel Laser from Laser Quantum 44
Figure 33: Some Digital Airplane HUDs 45
Figure 34: Q-HUD Operating Principles 46
Figure 35: Q-HUD Raytrace and Installation 47
Figure 36: Q-HUD Installation Improves Headroom 47
Figure 37: Q-HUD Form Factor 48
Figure 38: Kollsman Micro-ViS HUD 49
Figure 39: Typical CRT HUD Optical Train 50
Figure 40: Digital HUD Optical Train 51
Figure 41: Backlight Radiometric Analysis 51
Figure 42: Solar Loading 53
Figure 43: Eliminating Sun Ball Reflections in Tactical HUDs 54
Figure 44: Optical Train for a Tactical Digital HUD 54
Figure 45: Notch Combiners Enable High Transmittance and High (in-band) Reflectance 55
Figure 46: Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) 57
Figure 47: Cross Section of a Transmissive AMLCD 58
Figure 48: SEM Image of LCOS Microdisplay 59
Figure 49: Photonic Lattice Structure 60
Figure 50: CPC Non-imaging Collector 63
Figure 51: Worldwide Forecast for Sports and Luxury Cars 70
Figure 52: Introductory Sales of Automotive Electronics 71
Figure 53: Sales Penetration Curves for Automotive Options 71
Figure 54: 2008 and 2013 Sports Car Segment Evaluation 75
Figure 55: Sports Car Segment - Unit Forecast 75
Figure 56: Super and High Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 78
Figure 57: Super and High Luxury Car Segment Unit Forecast 78
Figure 58: Near Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 81
Figure 59: Near-Luxury Car Segment Unit Sales Forecast 81
Figure 60: Conservative Worldwide HUD Unit Sales Forecast 83
Figure 61: Optimistic Worldwide HUD Unit Forecast 84
Figure 62: WW Expected HUD Unit Forecast 84
Figure 63: Speed HUD Devices 86
Figure 64: Phone and Radio Status HUDs 86
Figure 65: Parking Sensor HUDs 87
Figure 66: Tire Pressure and Navigation HUDs 87
Figure 67: 2007 Worldwide Truck Production 88
Figure 68: HUD Upgrade Kit -- Changes Needed 91
Figure 69: Digital HUD Upgrade Feasibility 92
Figure 70: BAE Systems Laser-Illuminated HUD Prototype 92
Figure 71: Comparing Emission Spectra -- CRT (P53) and Green LED 93
Figure 72: Tactical HMDs 95
Figure 73: Commercial Air Transport Forecast (2007-2027) from Boeing CMO 108
Figure 74: New Airplanes by Type (2007-2027) 109
Figure 75: Cumulative Commercial Air Transport HUD Unit Forecast 110
Figure 76: Cumulative Commercial Air Transport HUD Revenue ($USM) 111
Figure 77: Business Jet Market Segmentation 113
Figure 78: Business Jet Sales Forecast 113
Figure 79: Cumulative Business Jet (non-VLJ) HUD Unit Forecast 115
Figure 80: Cumulative Business Jet (non-VLJ) HUD Revenue Forecast 116
Figure 81: Very Light Jet (VLJ) Sales Forecast 117
Figure 82: VLJ HUD Forecast 118
Figure 83: VLJ HUD Revenue Forecast 119
Figure 84: VDO LCD HUD for BMW 120
Figure 85: Denso Night View HUD 121
Figure 86: Some Automobile HUDs from Nippon Seiki 122
Figure 87: Monochrome Delphi HUD in 2005 Corvette 123
Figure 88: Transport HUD Installations 124
Figure 89: Tactical HUDs 125
Figure 90: BAE Systems Q-HUD 127
Figure 91: Compact Elbit HUDs 129
Figure 92: CMC Electronics HeliHawk HUD 130
Figure 93: GE Aviation Type 1502 HUD 131
Figure 94: Tejas-LCA HUD 132
Figure 95: Microvision MEMS Scanner 135

Table of Tables

Table 1: Digital HUD Suppliers and Users 36
Table 2: Q-HUD Performance Summary 48
Table 3: HUD Subassemblies 52
Table 4: Some Past, Current and Future HUD-Equipped Production Cars 66
Table 5: Estimated BOM for a Generic Laser-Based Automotive HUD Projector 67
Table 6: Estimated BOM for a Generic LCD-Based Automotive HUD Projector 67
Table 7: High/Low Margin Scenarios for HUD Systems 68
Table 8: Expected High/Low HUD Projector Retail Price 68
Table 9: Car Segment Definition 69
Table 10: Cars Models per Market Segment 69
Table 11: HUD Evaluation Factors 72
Table 12: 2008 Sports Car Segment HUD Evaluation 74
Table 13: 2013 Sports Car Segment HUD Evaluation 74
Table 14: 2008 Super and High Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 77
Table 15: 2013 Super and High Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 77
Table 16: 2008 Near Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 80
Table 17: 2013 Near Luxury Car Segment Evaluation 80
Table 18: Auto HUD Projector Price from the HUD Manufacturer 85
Table 19: Worldwide Auto HUD Projector Sales Forecast 85
Table 20: Some Active Tactical Military Aircraft (arranged by year of introduction) 90
Table 21: Operational Tactical Aircraft Programs 94
Table 22: Tactical Aircraft as Digital HUD Upgrade Candidates 97
Table 23: Digital HUD Insertion Factors 98
Table 24: Insertion Rate of Digital HUDs into Tactical Aircraft 99
Table 25: Cut-in Rate for New Digital HUDs 99
Table 26: Digital HUD Forecast for JAS-39 (example) 100
Table 27: Digital HUD Forecast for "High Likelihood of Upgrade" Aircraft 101
Table 28: Digital HUD Upgrade Forecast for "Moderate Likelihood" Aircraft 102
Table 29: Total Digital HUD Forecast for Tactical Aircraft 102
Table 30: Revenue Forecast for Tactical Digital HUD Kits 103
Table 31: Revenue Forecast for New Tactical Aircraft Digital HUDs 104
Table 32: Total Digital HUD Revenue Forecast (Tactical Aircraft) 105
Table 33: FAA Limited-Visibility Operating Categories 106
Table 34: Some Commercial Air Transports 107
Table 35: Commercial Air Transport HUD TAM Penetration Rates 109
Table 36: Commercial Air Transport HUD Unit Forecast 110
Table 37: Commercial Air Transport HUD Revenue ($USM) 111
Table 38: HUDs in Business Jets 112
Table 39: Business Jet HUD TAM Penetration Rates 114
Table 40: Business Jet (non-VLJ) HUD Unit Forecast 114
Table 41: Business Jet (non-VLJ) HUD Revenue Forecast 115
Table 42: VLJ HUD Readiness Factors 117
Table 43: Very Light Jet HUD Penetration Rates 117