Traditionally, rechargeable batteries have been used as energy dense products
and the other devices based on capacitors have been used as power dense
products. There are more-power-dense versions of the favourite rechargeable
batteries - lithium-ion with 70% or so of the rechargeable battery market in
2023. Unfortunately, power dense rechargeable batteries surrender a lot of
energy density. It is therefore helpful that more and more energy dense
supercapacitors and variants are becoming available, some even matching lead
acid batteries and yet retaining excellent power density. This convergence of
properties has led to the widespread combination of the two in parallel,
particularly in power applications. Battery/supercapacitor combinations
approach the performance of an ideal battery - something that can never be
achieved with a battery alone because its chemical reactions cause movement,
swelling and eventually irreversability. In some cases, things have gone
further. For example, hybrid buses using supercapacitors now rarely use them
across the traction battery - the supercapacitor replaces the battery, the
only battery remaining in the vehicle being a small lead-acid starter battery.
Many more supercapacitor variants are now available. There is now almost a
continuum of devices between conventional electrolytic capacitors and
rechargeable batteries as we explain in the report. The analysis of 78
manufacturers and putative manufacturers reveals, for example, how battery
manufacturers and conventional capacitor manufacturers are entering the
business of devices intermediate between the two. However, rather
surprisingly, most of the intermediate devices are developed and manufactured
by companies not in either conventional capacitors or batteries. Although we
use the term intermediate devices, some have some properties superior to both
conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries.
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Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
1.1. Supercapacitors and batteries converge
1.2. Success by application and territory
1.3. Supercapacitors in vehicles
1.4. Green or not green
1.5. Incidence of the different technologies
1.6. Achieving the impossible
1.7. Manufacturers and putative manufacturers
2. INTRODUCTION
3. ADVANCES REQUIRED AND PROGRESS IDENTIFIED
3.1. Supercapacitors in vehicles
4. APPLICATIONS NOW AND IN THE FUTURE
4.1. Pulse Power
4.2. Bridge Power
4.3. Main Power
4.4. Memory Backup
4.5. Evolution of commercially successful functions
4.6. Manufacturer successes and strategies by application
5. SURVEY OF 78 MANUFACTURERS
6. ACHIEVEMENTS AND OBJECTIVES BY MANUFACTURER
7. EXAMPLES OF NON-COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
8. ELECTROLYTES BY MANUFACTURER
9. INTERVIEWS AND COMMENTARY ON COMPANY STRATEGY FOR SUPERCAPACITORS
9.1. Interviews with suppliers
9.1.1. Cap-XX Australia
9.1.2. Cellergy Israel
9.1.3. East Penn Manufacturing USA
9.1.4. Elton Super Capacitor Russian Federation
9.1.5. Inmatech USA
9.1.6. Ioxus USA
9.1.7. JR Micro Japan
9.1.8. Maxwell Technologies USA
9.1.9. Nanotune Technologies USA
9.1.10. Nesscap Energy Inc Canada/Korea
9.1.11. Nichicon Japan
9.1.12. Nippon ChemiCon/ United ChemiCon Japan
9.1.13. Yo-Engineering Russian Federation
9.1.14. Yunasko Russian Federation
9.2. User interviews and inputs
9.2.1. Bombardier Canada
9.2.2. Hydrogenics Corporation USA
9.2.3. Honda Japan
10. DEVELOPER, MATERIALS SUPPLIER AND ACADEMIC INPUTS
10.1. Daikin Industries Japan
10.2. Hutchinson (TOTAL) France
10.3. IFEVS Italy
10.4. Yuri Gogotski
10.5. NYSERDA grants reveal trends of research
APPENDIX 1: IDTECHEX PUBLICATIONS AND CONSULTANCY
TABLES
1.1. Main achievements and objectives with supercapacitors and their
derivatives by number of manufacturers and putative manufacturers involved.
1.2. The ten advances that will create the largest add-on markets for
supercapacitors and their derivatives in order of importance in creating
market value with examples of organisations leading the advance.
1.3. 15 examples of component displacement by supercapacitors in 2012-3
1.4. Supercapacitor functions reaching major market acceptance 2013-2023
with some of the companies leading the success by sector
1.5. 78 manufacturers, putative manufacturers and commercial companies
developing supercapacitors and supercabatteries for commercialisation with
country, website and eight types of device technology.
2.2. Some of the pros and cons of supercapacitors
3.1. Advances that will create the largest add-on markets for
supercapacitors and their derivatives by value in order of importance with
examples of organisations leading the advance.
3.2. Examples of component displacement by supercapacitors.
4.1. Supercapacitor functions reaching major market acceptance 2013-2023
with some of the companies leading the success by sector
5.1. 78 manufacturers, putative manufacturers and commercial companies
developing supercapacitors and supercabatteries for commercialisation with
country, website and eight types of device technology.
6.1. By application, for Automotive, Aerospace, Military and Oil & Gas,
the successes by 78 supercapacitor/supercabattery manufacturers in grey green
and their targets for extra applications in the near term in yellow. Six sub
categori
6.2. The successes in six categories in the Utility sector by 78
supercapacitor/supercabattery manufacturers in grey green and their targets
for extra applications in the near term in yellow.
6.3. The successes by 78 supercapacitor/supercabattery manufacturers in
the Consumer and Industrial & Commercial sectors in grey green and their
targets for extra applications in the near term in yellow. Eight
sub-categories are analys
7.1. Non-commercial supercapacitor developers with their country, website,
industrial partner, applications targeted.
8.1. Electrolytes used - organic, aqueous or ionic liquid - by 70
supercapacitor/ supercabattery manufacturers and putative manufacturers.
FIGURES
1.1. Some of the options and some of the suppliers in the spectrum between
conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries with primary markets shown
in yellow.
1.2. Examination of achievement and strategy in the most important
applicational sectors. Number of manufacturers of supercapacitors and their
variants that have that have supplied given sectors vs number that target them
for future ex
1.3. Probable timeline for market adoption by sector and technical
achievements driving the growth of the market for supercapacitors and their
derivatives 2013-2025 with market value projections for supercapacitors, cost
and performanc
1.4. The main functions that supercapacitors will perform over the coming
decade
1.5. Examples of the main functions performed by supercapacitors.
1.6. The evolution from conventional to various types of electric vehicle
related to supercapacitor applications in them today, where hybrids and pure
electric versions are a primary target.
1.7. Possible timeframe and technology for reaching the tipping point for
sales of pure electric on-road cars.
1.8. Percentage of manufacturers using organic, aqueous or ionic liquid
electrolytes in their supercapacitors and supercabatteries, showing trend of
research but there will be no winner for all applications
1.9. The number of manufacturers and putative manufacturers of
supercapacitors/supercabatteries by six sub-categories of technology
1.10. Component displacement mapped as a function of benefits relative to
batteries conferred by supercapacitors
1.11. Estimate of the number of trading manufacturers of supercapacitors
and supercabatteries globally 1993-2025 including timing of industry shakeout.
2.1. Types of capacitor
2.2. Symmetric supercapacitor EDLC left compared with asymmetric AEDLC ie
supercabattery with battery-like cathode (ie part electrochemical in action)
shown right. During charge and discharge, the voltage is nearly constant
resulting i
2.3. Symmetric supercapacitor EDLC compared with asymmetric AEDLC ie
supercabattery with lithiated carbon anode (ie entirely electrostatic in
action) shown right.
2.4. Eight families of option and some of the suppliers in the spectrum
between conventional capacitors and rechargeable batteries with primary
markets shown in yellow.
3.1. The main functions that supercapacitors will perform over the coming
decade
3.2. Examples of the main functions performed by supercapacitors. Those in
black are currently only achieved with a flammable, carcinogenic electrolyte -
acrylonitrile - but this will change
3.3. The evolution from conventional to various types of electric vehicle
related to supercapacitor applications in them today, where hybrids and pure
electric versions are a primary target.
3.4. Possible timeframe and technology for reaching the tipping point for
sales of pure electric on-road cars.
3.5. Component displacement mapped as a function of benefits relative to
batteries conferred by supercapacitors
3.6. Siemens view in 2012 of the elements of Electrical Bus Rapid Transit
eBRT, for example, mentioning U-Caps meaning supercapacitors.
4.1. Examples of applications of the ULTIMO Cell
4.2. Primary demand for energy storage for battery-like products in Europe
in 2020, which will be satisfied by batteries, supercapacitors, intermediate
products and combinations of these.
5.1. Incidence of the different technologies
5.2. Number of manufacturers offering the various supercapacitor
technologies including derivatives, some companies having several options
5.3. Estimate of the number of trading manufacturers of supercapacitors
and supercabatteries globally 1993-2025 including timing of industry shakeout.
8.1. Percentage of manufacturers using organic, aqueous or ionic liquid
electrolytes in their supercapacitors and supercabatteries
9.1. UltrabatteryTM for medium hybrid vehicles
9.2. Inmatech Innovations
9.3. Supercapacitor market and Inmatech
9.4. Maxwell Technologies flat supercapacitor for mobile phones etc.
exhibited at EVS26 Los Angeles
9.5. Nichicon supercapacitor emphasis at EVS26 Los Angeles 2012
9.6. Supercapacitor-based electric vehicle fast charging stations launched
in 2012 by Nichicon.
9.7. Mazda car supercapacitor exhibited at EVS26 Los Angeles 2012
9.8. Nippon Chemi-Con low resistance DXE Series priority shown in 2012
9.9. Exhibit by United ChemiCon at EVS26 Los Angeles
10.1. Daikin Industries display on fluorination of supercapacitor
electrolytes
10.2. Extracts from Hutchinson presentation at eCarTec Munich October 2012
Supercapacitor / Ultracapacitor Strategies and Emerging Applications 2013-2025 published by IDTechEx Ltd. in April 1, 2013. This report consists of 203 Pages and the price starts from US $ 3495.
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