This publication has been discontinued on July 19, 2011.
Introduction
Abstract
This report discusses what may happen as IP TV networks grow to support hundreds of thousands or millions of subscribers. It identifies a number of bottlenecks and what can be done about them. It also discusses what IP TV system and software suppliers are doing to prepare for very large IP TV networks.
Table of Contents
1 Executive Summary
2 Factors in Scaling in IP TV Networks
2.1 IP TV Networks
2.2 Scaling Factors in IP TV Networks
2.2.1 Number of Subscribers
2.2.2 Other Subscriber Based Scaling Factors
2.2.3 Content Based Scaling Factors
2.2.4 Architecture Based Scaling Factors
2.3 Bandwidth Requirements for IP TV Services
3 Scaling of IP TV Broadcast Video Networks
3.1 Bandwidth Requirements for Broadcast Channels
3.2 The Importance of IP Multicasting
3.3 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Video Headends
3.4 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Aggregation Network
3.5 Broadcast Channel Scaling Issues in the Access Network
4 Scaling of IP TV Video On Demand Networks
4.1 Subscriber Demand for Video On Demand Services
4.2 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Video Headends
4.3 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Aggregation Network
4.3.1 Capacity Requirements in the Aggregation Network
4.3.2 Traffic Mix in an IP TV Aggregation Network
4.3.3 Bottlenecks in the Aggregation Network
4.4 Video On Demand Scaling Issues in the Access Network
4.4.1 Bandwidth Requirements in the Access Network
4.4.2 Bottlenecks in the Access Network
4.5 Optimizing the Video On Demand Network
4.5.1 Using Distributed Video On Demand Systems
4.5.2 Optimizing the Optical Network
5 Scaling of IP TV Software Systems
5.1 Middleware Software
5.2 Content Protection & Digital Rights Management Software
5.3 Back Office Systems
5.4 Integrated Systems
5.5 Optimizing Software Systems
6 Planning for Growth in IP TV Networks
6.1 IP TV Penetration
6.2 The Service Mix
6.3 Broadcast Video Strategies are Straightforward
6.4 Distributed Video On Demand is a Key Strategy
6.5 Network Link Capacity in the Access Network
6.6 Video On Demand is Key to the Aggregation Network
6.7 Significance of Software Architecture
6.8 Advances in Technology
7 Opportunities, Risks, and Recommendations
7.1 Opportunities
7.2 Risks
7.3 Recommendations
8 Appendices
8.1 System Integrators
8.1.1 Alcatel
8.1.2 Siemens
8.1.3 Thales Broadcast and Multimedia
8.2 Access Systems
8.2.1 ECI Telecom
8.2.2 Lucent
8.2.3 Motorola, Inc.
8.3 Transport Networks
8.3.1 Cisco Systems
8.3.2 Juniper Networks
8.4 Video Headends
8.4.1 Harmonic Inc.
8.4.2 Skystream Networks
8.4.3 Tut Systems
8.5 Video On Demand Servers
8.5.1 Bitband Inc.
8.5.2 C-Cor
8.5.3 Entone
8.5.4 Kasenna
8.6 Middleware and other Software Systems
8.6.1 Orca Interactive
8.7 Content Protection and Digital Rights Management
8.7.1 Latens
8.7.2 Nagravision
8.7.3 Widevine Technologies
8.8 Back Office Systems
8.8.1 Agilent
8.8.2 IneoQuest
8.8.3 Motive
8.9 Integrated Software Systems
8.9.1 IBM
8.9.2 Microsoft
Table of Figures
Figure 1-1: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Savings from a Distributed Network
Figure 2-1: Basic IP TV Network Architecture
Figure 2-2: Large IP TV Network
Figure 3-1: Total Bandwidth Requirements for a Broadcast Offering
Figure 3-2: Operation of IP Multicast in an IP TV Network
Figure 3-3: Channels Views by a Population of Subscribers
Figure 4-1: 10 Gigabit Ethernet Links Required for Video On Demand
Figure 4-2: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Required for IP TV
Figure 4-3: Level of Best Effort Internet Traffic in a 3Play Network
Figure 4-4: Verizons View of Access Network Bandwidth Requirements
Figure 4-5: Bandwidth Required for a Distributed Video On Demand Network
Figure 4-6: Aggregation Network Bandwidth Savings from a Distributed Network
Figure 8-1: Alcatels IP TV/Triple Back Office System Architecture
Figure 8-2: Alcatels View of Triple Play Network Capacity
Figure 8-3: Bandwidth Conversation Using H-VPLS
Figure 8-4: IP TV Transport Architecture
Figure 8-5: Video Network Architecture
Figure 8-6: SDX-300 Service Activation
Figure 8-7: Video Stream/Channel Capacity for Juniper Routers
Figure 8-8: Entone StreamLiner Video On Demand Architecture
Figure 8-9: Orcas Test Platform
Figure 8-10: Nagra IP System Architecture
Figure 8-11: Architecture of the Microsoft TV IPTV Edition
Table of Tables
Table 1-1: Bandwidth Requirements in a 3Play Network
Table 1-2: IP TV Software Systems
Table 2-1: Current Size of IP TV Networks
Table 2-2: Expected Size of IP TV Networks in 2009
Table 2-3: Bandwidth Requirements in a 3Play Network
Table 3-1: IP TV Per Channel Bandwidth Requirements
Table 4-1: Video On Demand Storage Requirements
Table 4-2: Switching Capacity of Switching and Routing Systems
Table 4-3: Typical Access Speeds
Table 4-4: Uplink Capacity on Access Systems
Table 4-5: Approximate Break Points in a Video On Demand Network
Table 5-1: Scaling of Middleware Software Packages
Table 5-2: Scaling of Content Protection Packages/DRM Systems
Table 5-3: Scaling of Integrated Software Applications
Table 8-1: Companies Profiled in this Report
Table 8-2: System Integrators Profiles
Table 8-3: Alcatel Financial Results
Table 8-4: Alcatel IP TV Products
Table 8-5: Channel Capacity of Alcatels Systems
Table 8-6: Channel Capacity of Alcatels Systems
Table 8-7: Triple Play Per Subscriber Bandwidth Requirements
Table 8-8: Alcatel IP TV Deployments
Table 8-9: Siemens Financial Results
Table 8-10: Siemens IP TV Products and Services
Table 8-11: Channel Capacity of Siemens Systems
Table 8-12: Siemens/Myrio IP TV Deployments
Table 8-13: Thales Financial Results
Table 8-14: Thales IP TV Products
Table 8-15: Thales IP TV Deployments
Table 8-16: IP TV Access Systems Profiles
Table 8-17: ECI Financial Results
Table 8-18: ECI IP TV Products
Table 8-19: Channel Capacity of ECIs Products
Table 8-20: ECI IP TV Deployments
Table 8-21: Lucent Financial Results
Table 8-22: Lucent IP TV Products
Table 8-23: TV Channel Capacity of Lucents Products
Table 8-24: Lucent IP TV Deployments
Table 8-25: Motorola Financial Results
Table 8-26: Motorola IP TV Products
Table 8-27: Channel Capacity of Motorolas Products
Table 8-28: Motorola IP TV Deployments
Table 8-29: IP TV Transport Network Company Profiles
Table 8-30: Cisco Systems Financial Results
Table 8-31: Cisco Systems IP TV Products
Table 8-32: Channel Capacity for Cisco Router Products
Table 8-33: Channel Capacity for Cisco Optical and Ethernet Switching Products
Table 8-34: Video On Demand Bandwidth Requirements
Table 8-35: Cisco Systems IP TV Deployments
Table 8-36: Juniper Networks Financial Results
Table 8-37: Juniper Networks IP TV Products
Table 8-38: Juniper Networks IP TV Deployments
Table 8-39: Video Headend Company Profiles
Table 8-40: Harmonic Financial Results
Table 8-41: Harmonic IP TV Products
Table 8-42: Harmonic IP TV Deployments
Table 8-43: Skystream Networks IP TV Products
Table 8-44: Skystream Networks IP TV Deployments
Table 8-45: Tut Systems Financial Results
Table 8-46: Tut Systems IP TV Products
Table 8-47: Packet Loss Improvement Using Forward Error Correction
Table 8-48: Ethernet Interface Capacity Limits
Table 8-49: Tut Systems IP TV Deployments
Table 8-50: IP TV Video On Demand Server Company Profiles
Table 8-51: Bitband IP TV Products
Table 8-52: Bitband IP TV Deployments
Table 8-53: C-Cor Financial Results
Table 8-54: C-Cor IP TV Products
Table 8-55: C-Cor IP TV Deployments
Table 8-56: Entone IP TV Products
Table 8-57: Entone IP TV Deployments
Table 8-58: Kasenna IP TV Products
Table 8-59: Kasenna IP TV Deployments
Table 8-60: IP TV Middleware and other Software System CompanyProfiles
Table 8-61: Orca Interactive Financial Results
Table 8-62: Orca Interactive IP TV Products
Table 8-63: Orca Scaling Test Database
Table 8-64: Orca Interactive IP TV Deployments
Table 8-65: IP TV Content Protection and Digital Rights Management Profiles
Table 8-66: Latens IP TV Products
Table 8-67: Latens Scaling Test Results
Table 8-68: Latens IP TV Deployments
Table 8-69: Nagravision Financial Results
Table 8-70: Nagravision IP TV Products
Table 8-71: Nagravision IP TV Deployments
Table 8-72: Widevine Technologies IP TV Products
Table 8-73: Widevine Technologies IP TV Deployments
Table 8-74: IP TV Back Office System Company Profiles
Table 8-75: Agilent Financial Results
Table 8-76: Agilent IP TV Products
Table 8-77: Agilent NETeXPERT Deployments
Table 8-78: IneoQuests IP TV Back Office Products and Services
Table 8-79: IneoQuest IP TV Deployments
Table 8-80: Motive Financial Results
Table 8-81: Motive IP TV Products
Table 8-82: IP TV Middleware and other Software System Company Profiles
