Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment - Charging Stations, Grid Interconnection Issues, EV Charging Business Models, and Vehicle-to-Grid Technology: Market Analysis and Forecasts

Electric Vehicle Charging Equipment - Charging Stations, Grid Interconnection Issues, EV Charging Business Models, and Vehicle-to-Grid Technology: Market Analysis and Forecasts published by Pike Research in May, 2010. This report consists of 66 pages and the price starts from US $ 3500.

Introduction

Abstract

Electric vehicles will begin shipping in small volumes starting in 2010. These vehicles will require the rollout of a new infrastructure for charging access at home, at work, and around town. By 2015, access to vehicle charging will be available at nearly one million charge points in the United States. Vehicles in the U.S. will be primarily charged at home as early adopters will prefer the convenience, while in the rest of the world, public charging will play a more central role due to reduced access to convenient home charging. The Asia Pacific region will lead global EV charging equipment sales due to strong government incentives and directives. Bi-directional smart vehicle-to-grid charging will be slow to take off and will be limited to fleet applications through 2015.

The additional power demand from EV charging will have little overall impact on grid reliability, but could impact the reliability of distribution equipment in neighborhoods with the highest EV concentrations. Utilities will prepare for the additional load to the grid by tracking vehicles sales and creating new consumer billing programs. Charging equipment sales will initially be driven by government funding of public stations. In the United States fees for commercial charging will be low due to the availability of free and low-cost charging at residences and public locations. Retailers are likely therefore to install public access stations primarily as a marketing tool and not to generate direct revenue from charging fees.

This Pike Research report analyzes technology and business issues related to the buildout of electric vehicle charging infrastructure in global markets. It examines and the market for residential, public, private, and workplace charging stations as well as reviewing the key operational and technological impacts of plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles on the grid infrastructure. Analysis includes an in-depth assessment of market drivers and barriers, along with profiles of charging infrastructure vendors and utilities. Detailed forecasts for EV charging equipment are included through 2015.

Key questions addressed:

• How many plug-in hybrid and all-electric vehicles will be sold through 2015?
• How will the emergence of electric vehicles impact grid reliability and peak demand?
• What will be the composition of the charging infrastructure?
• What are the business opportunities in providing charging services?
• How many charging stations will be installed worldwide?
• What are the technical challenges for the integration of electric vehicles onto the grid?
• When will vehicle to grid services (V2G) become commercially viable?

Who needs this report?

• Utilities
• Electric vehicle manufacturers
• Charging station manufacturers and service providers
• Electric vehicle associations
• Government agencies
• Investor community

• Pages: 66
• Tables, Charts, Figures: 27

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

• 2.1 EV Market
  • 2.1.1 Vehicle Penetration
• 2.2 Vehicle Charging
  • 2.2.1 Onboard Charging Equipment
  • 2.2.2 Residential Charging
    • 2.2.2.1 Residential Upgrade Requirements
    • 2.2.2.2 Underwriters Lab Certification
    • 2.2.2.3 Cost
    • 2.2.2.4 Permits
    • 2.2.2.5 Connection Equipment
  • 2.2.3 Standalone Charging Stations
    • 2.2.3.1 Smart Charging
    • 2.2.3.2 Cost
      • 2.2.3.2.1 Level 3 Charging Equipment
    • 2.2.3.3 Public/Municipal Charging
    • 2.2.3.4 Private Charging Stations
    • 2.2.3.5 Workplace Charging
    • 2.2.3.6 Early Adopters
  • 2.2.4 Battery Swapping Stations

3. Marketing and Commercialization

• 3.1 Residential Charging Equipment
  • 3.1.1 Equipment Installation
  • 3.1.2 New Construction
  • 3.1.3 Residential Charging Fees
    • 3.1.3.1 EV Charging Rates
  • 3.1.4 EV Charging Controls
    • 3.1.4.1 Mobile Applications
    • 3.1.4.2 Internet Services
• 3.2 Standalone Charging Stations
  • 3.2.1 Charging Station Revenue
    • 3.2.1.1 Free Charging
    • 3.2.1.2 Hourly/Monthly Fees
    • 3.2.1.3 Subscription/Membership Fees
    • 3.2.1.4 Charging Networks Subscriptions
      • 3.2.1.4.1 Unified Charging Billing
    • 3.2.1.5 Other Revenue Sources
  • 3.2.2 Fleets
  • 3.2.3 Rapid (Level 3) Charging
• 3.3 Industry Growth Drivers
  • 3.3.1 Government EV Charging Incentives
    • 3.3.1.1 Federal Grants
    • 3.3.1.2 Tax Credits
    • 3.3.1.3 State Incentives
  • 3.3.2 International Government Support
  • 3.3.3 Transportation Fuel/Energy Savings
  • 3.3.4 Carbon Emissions Reduction
  • 3.3.5 Cities' Desires to Be Green
  • 3.3.6 Energy Security
  • 3.3.7 Smart Grid
• 3.4 Implementation Issues
  • 3.4.1 Charging Control Device Conflict
  • 3.4.2 Multiple Charging Networks and Billing Systems
  • 3.4.3 Regulatory Restrictions
  • 3.4.4 Impact on Utilities
    • 3.4.4.1 Capacity
    • 3.4.4.2 Regional Impact
    • 3.4.4.3 Impact on Equipment

4. Technology Issues

• 4.1 Equipment Connection Standards
  • 4.1.1 EVSE Connector
  • 4.1.2 Rapid Charging Connector
• 4.2 Vehicle to Grid Communications
  • 4.2.1 Energy Transfer Standard
  • 4.2.2 Messaging Standard
• 4.3 National Standards
  • 4.3.1 Smart Grid Device Standards

5. Vehicle to Building/Grid

• 5.1 Introduction
• 5.2 V2G Services
• 5.3 Vehicle to Building
• 5.4 Equipment Requirements
  • 5.4.1 Onboard Equipment
  • 5.4.2 Premise Equipment
  • 5.4.3 Utility Upgrades
• 5.5 Permitting
• 5.6 Marketability and Commercialization
• 5.7 Industry Drivers
  • 5.7.1 Integration of Renewable Power
  • 5.7.2 EV Charging and Solar Synergy
    • 5.7.2.1 Installation Benefits
    • 5.7.2.2 DC-to-DC Charging
    • 5.7.2.3 Electricity Trading
    • 5.7.2.4 Economics
    • 5.7.2.5 Standalone Solar Charging
  • 5.7.3 Better Place
  • 5.7.4 Fleets
  • 5.7.5 Grid Ancillary Services Programs
    • 5.7.5.1 Frequency Regulation
    • 5.7.5.2 Spinning Reserves
• 5.8 Implementation Issues
  • 5.8.1 Cost
  • 5.8.2 Consumer Equipment Upgrades
  • 5.8.3 Utilities
  • 5.8.4 Managing Upstream Power
  • 5.8.5 Impact on Battery Life
  • 5.8.6 Standards

6. Key Industry Players

• 6.1 Electric Vehicle Charging Companies
  • 6.1.1 AC Propulsion
  • 6.1.2 AeroVironment
  • 6.1.3 Better Place
  • 6.1.4 CarbonDay Automotive
  • 6.1.5 ClipperCreek
  • 6.1.6 Coulomb Technologies
  • 6.1.7 Delta-Q Technologies Corp
  • 6.1.8 ECOtality
  • 6.1.9 Eetrex
  • 6.1.10 Eltek Valere
  • 6.1.11 EV-Charge America
  • 6.1.12 EVCO
  • 6.1.13 GridPoint
  • 6.1.14 Itochu Corporation
  • 6.1.15 Optimization Technologies
  • 6.1.16 Plug-In Vehicle Solutions
  • 6.1.17 Plug-In Conversions Corporation
  • 6.1.18 Ricardo
  • 6.1.19 Sanyo
  • 6.1.20 Shorepower
  • 6.1.21 SolarCity
• 6.2 Utilities Participating in EV Charging
  • 6.2.1 Austin Energy
  • 6.2.2 Dong Energy
  • 6.2.3 Duke Energy
  • 6.2.4 Pacific Gas & Electric
  • 6.2.5 Portland General Electric
  • 6.2.6 RWE

7. Market Forecasts

• 7.1 Global EV Charging
• 7.2 North America
  • 7.2.1 Metropolitan Areas
  • 7.2.2 Residential Charging
  • 7.2.3 Public Charging
  • 7.2.4 Private Charging
  • 7.2.5 Workplace Charging
• 7.3 Europe
• 7.4 Asia Pacific
  • 7.4.1 China
  • 7.4.2 Japan
  • 7.4.3 Korea
• 7.5 Middle East/Africa
  • 7.5.1 Israel

8. Company Directory

9. Acronym and Abbreviation List

10. Table of Contents

11. Table of Charts and Figures

12. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Installed EV Charging Equipment, World Markets: 2010-2015
• EV Charging Station Unit Sales by Region, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Electrified Vehicle Sales, United States: 2010-2015
• Electrified Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Charging Equipment Market Segmentation, United States: 2015
• Residential Access to Charge Spots
• Total EV Charging Station Unit Sales, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Charging Equipment Sales by Segment, United States: 2015
• Residential Charging Equipment Revenue, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Standalone Charging Equipment Revenue, Western Europe and APAC: 2010-2015
• Asia Pacific EV Charging Equipment Sales, 2010-2015
• Vehicle Roadmap for Plug-in Hybrid and Electric Passenger Vehicles
• Charging Equipment Market Segmentation, United States: 2015
• Japan Vehicle Charging Levels
• EV Charging Equipment Manufacturers
• State Incentives for EV Infrastructure Investment
• Rapid Charging Specifications
• EU Charging Equipment Programs and Incentives

List of Tables

• Total PHEV Unit Sales, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Total EV Unit Sales, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Total Electrified Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Total EV Charging Station Unit Sales by Country, World Markets: 2010-2015
• Residential Charging Equipment Unit Sales: 2010-2015
• Workplace Charging Equipment Unit Sales: 2010-2015
• Public Charging Equipment Unit Sales: 2010-2015
• Private Charging Equipment Unit Sales: 2010-2015
• EV Charging Equipment Revenue by Country, World Markets: 2010-2015

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