Fuel Cells for Military Applications: Soldier Wearable and Portable Power, Sensors and Surveillance, Stationary Power, Materials Handling, APUs, and UAVs: Market Analysis and Forecasts
Fuel Cells for Military Applications: Soldier Wearable and Portable Power, Sensors and Surveillance, Stationary Power, Materials Handling, APUs, and UAVs: Market Analysis and Forecasts
Fuel cell manufacturers and OEMs continue to benefit from an increased U.S.
military emphasis on energy security and logistical efficiency associated with
the complex and challenging operational conditions being encountered in remote
wartime environments such as Afghanistan. At the same time, an almost complete
dependence on a fragile and vulnerable commercial power grid and other
national critical infrastructure places military and homeland defense missions
at an unacceptably high risk of extended disruption. Reducing the strategic
and tactical vulnerabilities associated with powering military equipment and
strategic installations has subsequently emerged as a leading priority for the
U.S. Department of Defense.
Performance is the most powerful driving force for the adoption of fuel cells
by the world' s armed forces. Enhancing the overall capabilities and
performance of the U.S. armed forces is the leading priority for U.S. military
agencies in considering new technologies and products for funding and
potential integration into various military systems. Low noise and a low heat
signature represent two good examples, providing specific benefits to military
users that may not be as important to other customers. Production of water as
a by-product may also be of great use in remote locations. Overall though, the
most attractive attribute of fuel cell systems is there high energy density,
particularly when compared to standard military batteries.
This Pike Research report examines the stationary, transport and portable
power applications for fuel cell technologies currently being explored and
validated by the U.S. Department of Defense, including a detailed analysis of
market drivers as well as potential barriers to adoption. Forecasts through
2017 are also provided for those technologies and applications that are deemed
as offering a realistic possibility of being deployed within that timeframe.
Key Questions Addressed:
What are the advantages of fuel cells for military applications?
What are the funding mechanisms available to fuel cell developers?
What are the potential military markets for fuel cells?
What are the specific fuel cell technologies involved in the U.S. military
market?
What are the barriers to military fuel cell deployment?
Who needs this report?
Military agencies
Defense contractors
Fuel cell manufacturers
Materials suppliers
Investor community
Report Statistics
Release Date: 3Q 2011
Total Number of Pages: 142
Total Number of Tables, Charts, Figures:66
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1.1. Introduction
1.2. Military Fuel Cell Sector Forecast
2. Market Issues
2.1. Introduction
2.2. Regional Scope
2.2.1. DOD North America
2.2.2. The Rest of the World
2.3. The U.S. Military Market: Trends and Drivers
2.3.1. Performance
2.3.2. Oil Price Volatility
2.3.3. Fuel Flexibility
2.3.4. A Safe Technology
2.3.5. Reduced Pollutants and GHGs
2.3.6. Low Noise Levels
2.4. Military Funding Mechanisms
2.4.1. DARPA
2.4.2. SBIR and STTR
2.4.3. U.S. Navy
2.4.4. U.S. Army
2.4.5. U.S. Air Force
2.4.6. SERDP and ESTCP
2.4.7. CERDEC Fuel Cell Team
2.5. Military Fuel Cell Applications with Near Term Potential
2.5.1. Stationary Applications for Fuel Cells
2.5.1.1. Market Characteristics
2.5.1.1.1. Medical Treatment Facilities
2.5.1.1.2. High Security Facilities
2.5.1.1.3. Communications and Data Centers
2.5.1.1.4. Advanced Manufacturing Processes
2.5.1.1.5. Electronics Manufacturing Processes
2.5.1.1.6. Air Traffic Control
2.5.1.1.7. Radar Sites
2.5.1.1.8. Shipboard Services
2.5.1.1.9. Research Testing Facilities
2.5.1.1.10. Remote Sites and Field Operations
2.5.2. Portable Applications for Fuel Cells
2.5.2.1. Market Characteristics
2.5.2.1.1. Soldier Wearable and Portable Power
2.5.2.1.2. Remote Sensors and Surveillance
2.5.2.1.3. Mobile Electric Power (MEP)
2.5.3. Transport Applications for Fuel Cells
2.5.3.1. Market Characteristics
2.5.3.2. Unmanned Air, Ground, and Underwater Vehicles
2.5.3.2.1. Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (SUAVs)
2.5.3.2.2. Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGVs)
2.5.3.2.3. Unmanned Underwater Vehicles (UUVs)
2.5.3.2.4. DOD Investment in Unmanned Systems
2.5.3.3. Auxiliary Power Units for Ground Vehicles, Ships, and Aircraft
2.5.3.4. Power for Ships
2.5.3.5. Materials Handling/Ground Support Equipment
2.6. Non-Tactical Vehicles
3. Technology Issues
3.1. Fuel Cell Technology Basics
3.1.1. Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell
3.1.1.1. Methanol Units - Direct and Indirect/Reformed Methanol Fuel
Cell
3.1.2. Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
3.1.3. Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell
3.1.4. Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell
3.1.5. Alkaline Fuel Cell
3.2. Barriers to Adoption
3.2.1. Financial Cost
3.2.2. Supply Chain
3.2.3. Stack Manufacturing
3.2.4. Component Standards
3.2.5. Durability
3.2.6. The Gap between Products and Prototypes
3.2.7. Adequacy of Maintenance Resources and Serviceability
3.2.8. Fuel Availability and Cost
4. Key Industry Players
4.1. Adaptive Materials, Inc. (United States)
4.2. AeroVironment (United States)
4.3. Alumifuel Power Corp. (United States)
4.4. BAE Systems (United Kingdom)
4.5. Ballard Power Systems (Canada)
4.6. Battelle (United States)
4.7. Boeing (United States)
4.8. DuPont (United States)
4.9. EADS (Europe)
4.10. Falck Schmidt Defence Systems (Denmark)
4.11. FuelCell Energy (United States)
4.12. General Atomics (United States)
4.13. Horizon Fuel Cell Technologies (Singapore)
4.14. Hydrogenics Corp. (Canada)
4.15. IdaTech PLC (United States)
4.16. iRobot (United States)
4.17. Jadoo Power (United States)
4.18. Lockheed Martin (United States)
4.19. Logan Energy (United States)
4.20. Lynntech (United States)
4.21. myFC (Sweden)
4.22. NanoDynamics (United States)
4.23. Neah Power Systems, Inc. (United States)
4.24. Northrup Grumman Corp. (United States)
4.25. Nuvera Fuel Cells, Inc. (United States)
4.26. Plug Power Inc. (United States)
4.27. Protonex Technology Corp. (United States)
4.28. QinetiQ (United Kingdom)
4.29. ReliOn (United States)
4.30. Rolls-Royce (United Kingdom)
4.31. Samsung SDI (Korea)
4.32. SFC Energy (Germany)
4.33. UltraCell Corp. (United States)
4.34. United Defense Industries (United States)
4.35. UTC Power (United States)
5. Market Forecasts
5.1. Introduction
5.2. Military Stationary Market
5.2.1. Unit Shipments
5.2.2. MW Shipments
5.2.3. Revenue
5.3. Soldier Wearable and Portable Power
5.3.1. Unit Shipments
5.3.2. MW Shipments
5.3.3. Revenue
5.4. Unmanned Sensors and Surveillance
5.4.1. Unit Shipments
5.4.2. MW Shipments
5.4.3. Revenue
5.5. Mobile Electric Power (MEP)
5.6. Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
5.6.1. Unit Shipments
5.6.2. MW Shipments
5.6.3. Revenue
5.7. Unmanned Ground Vehicles
5.7.1. Unit Shipments
5.7.2. MW Shipments
5.7.3. Revenue
5.8. Auxiliary Power Units for Ground Vehicles
5.8.1. Unit Shipments
5.8.2. MW Shipments
5.8.3. Revenue
5.9. Materials Handling
5.9.1. Unit Shipments
5.9.2. MW Shipments
5.9.3. Revenue
5.10. Additional Markets
5.10.1. Fuel Cell Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
5.10.2. Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units for Ships
5.10.3. Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Units for Aircraft
5.10.4. Fuel Cell Power for Ships
5.10.5. Fuel Cell Non-Tactical Vehicles
5.11. The U.S. Military Fuel Cell Market
5.11.1. Fuel Cell Unit Shipment Totals
5.11.2. Fuel Cell MW Shipment Totals
5.11.3. Fuel Cell Revenue Totals
5.12. Summary
6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Appendix I: SBIR and STTR Focus and Awards
10.1. DOD 2011.2 SBIR Solicitation
10.1.1. Purification of Biogas for Fuel Cells
10.1.1.1. Program Number: N112-160
10.1.2. Medium-Pressure Hydrogen Generator for Portable Electrical Power
Systems
10.1.2.1. Program Number: AF112-183
10.2. DOD 2011.A STTR Solicitation
10.2.1. Biomimetic Membranes for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells
10.2.1.1. Program Number: A11a-T013
10.2.2. Generation of Hydrogen from Methanol
10.2.2.1. Program Number: A11a-T012
10.2.3. New Affordable Energy Storage Technologies for Power Grids and
Microgrids
10.2.3.1. Program Number: N11A-T028
10.3. DOD 2011.1 SBIR Solicitation
10.3.1. Long Lasting Wide Temperature Range Power Source for Unattended
Ground Sensors
10.3.1.1. Program Number: A11-018
10.3.2. Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell
10.3.2.1. Program Number: A11-022
10.4. DOD 2010.B STTR Solicitation
10.5. DOD 2010.3 SBIR Solicitation
10.5.1. High Density Liquid Hydrogen Missile Fuel
10.5.1.1. Program Number: A10-152
10.6. DOD 2010.2 SBIR Solicitation
10.6.1. Compact Lightweight Sulfur Sensor for JP-8 Fuel
10.6.1.1. Program Number: A10-070
10.6.2. Solid Hydrogen Fuel Cartridges
10.6.2.1. Program Number: A10-099
10.6.3. Plug & Play Integrated Hybrid Power System for Humanoid Robot
10.6.3.1. Program Number: A10-125
10.6.4. High-Performance Power Energy Device for Radio Applications
10.6.4.1. Program Number: N102-191
10.7. DOD 2010.1 SBIR Solicitation
10.7.1. Highly Integrated, Highly Efficient Fuel Reformer/Fuel Cell
System
10.7.1.1. Program Number: N101-033
10.7.2. Novel Volumetric and Gravimetric Oxygen Sources and Packaging
Suitable for Unmanned Applications
10.7.2.1. Program Number: N101-081
10.8. DOD 2009.3 SBIR Solicitation
10.9. DOD 2009.B STTR Solicitation
10.10. DOD 2009.2 SBIR Solicitation
10.10.1. Gas Phase Sulfur Sensor for JP-8 Fueled Auxiliary Power
Generation System
10.10.1.1. Program Number: A09-043
10.10.2. Refillable Liquid Fuel Cartridges for Portable Methanol Fuel
Cell Systems
10.10.2.1. Program Number: A09-086
10.11. DOD 2009.A STTR Solicitation
10.11.1. Engineered Catalysts, Catalysts Supports, and Designs for
Logistics Fuel Reforming
10.11.1.1. A09A-T018
10.11.2. Advanced Hydrogen Reformate Stream Purifier for Fuel Cell
Applications
10.11.2.1. Program Number: N09-T014
10.12. DOD 2009.1 SBIR Solicitation
10.13. Other Solicitations
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
Military Fuel Cell Revenue by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Installations, U.S. DOD: 2010
Fuel Cell Installation Power Requirements, U.S. DOD: 2010
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Unmanned Ground Vehicles in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Stationary Power Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Stationary Power Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Stationary Power Fuel Cell Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Soldier Wearable and Portable Power Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD:
2011-2017
Soldier Wearable and Portable Power Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD:
2011-2017
Soldier Wearable and Portable Power Fuel Cell Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Sensors and Surveillance Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Sensors and Surveillance Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Sensors and Surveillance Fuel Cell Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Fuel Cell Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Fuel Cell Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Fuel Cell Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Ground Vehicle Auxiliary Power Unit Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Ground Vehicle Auxiliary Power Unit Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Ground Vehicle Auxiliary Power per Unit Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Materials Handling Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Materials Handling Shipments, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Materials Handling Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Shipments by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Shipments by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Revenue by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Average Monthly Price per Barrel of Oil FOB, World Markets: 2007-2011
Annual Fuel Consumption (3,000 Operating Hours)
Emissions Comparison (g/hp-h @ 100% Power)
Comparison of Efficiencies for Electric Power Plants
The Jenny ND Terra
Unmanned Underwater Vehicles Designated Vehicle Classes, U.S. Navy: 2004
U.S. DOD Investment in UAV R&D: 2005-2009
U.S. DOD Annual Funding Profile for UAVs: 1998-2011 (Projected)
Comparison of Efficiencies for Electric Power Plants
The Proposed Ship Service Fuel Cell Program Schedule, U.S. Navy
Fuel Cell Electrolyte Types
PEM Fuel Cell Schematic
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Schematic
Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Schematic
Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell Schematic
Alkaline Fuel Cell Schematic
FuelCell Energy Published Cost-Down
List of Tables
Fuel Cell Market Revenue by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Market Fuel Cell Shipments by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Fuel Cell Market Shipments by Application, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Power Requirements of U.S. DOD Installations: 2010
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Unmanned Ground Vehicles in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
Stationary Power Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Soldier Wearable and Portable Power Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD:
2011-2017
Unmanned Sensor and Surveillance Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Unmanned Ground Vehicle Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Ground Vehicle Auxiliary Power Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
Materials Handling Unit Shipments and Revenue, U.S. DOD: 2011-2017
ATO Fuel Cell Technology Areas
Mobile Electric Power in Use, U.S. DOD: 2007
FY 2009 President' s Budget for Unmanned Systems
U.S. Naval Vessels: 2011
Fuel Cells for Military Applications: Soldier Wearable and Portable Power, Sensors and Surveillance, Stationary Power, Materials Handling, APUs, and UAVs: Market Analysis and Forecasts published by Navigant Research (formerly Pike Research) in August 14, 2011. This report consists of 142 Pages and the price starts from US $ 3800.
Press Release
Military Fuel Cell Shipments to Reach 272,000 Units Annually by 2017
December 7th, 2011
Global Information, Inc. (GII) presents "Fuel Cells for Military Applications: Soldier Wearable and Portable Power, Sensors and Surveillance, Stationary Power, Materials Handling, APUs, and UAVs: Market Analysis and Forecasts" by Navigant Research (formerly Pike Research).
The U.S. military is the single largest consumer of energy in the world. As such, the volatility of the international oil markets represents a significant strategic risk to the operational capabilities of the U.S. Armed Forces. Realizing the need to mitigate this strategic vulnerability, U.S. military leaders are actively promoting the development of new technologies, including fuel cells. The increased emphasis on energy security and efficiency, particularly under the complex and challenging operational conditions encountered in remote battlefield environments such as Afghanistan, represents a significant opportunity for fuel cell manufacturers and original equipment manufacturers (OEMs). According to a recent report from Pike Research, shipments of fuel cells for military applications will increase to more than 272,000 in 2017, from just over 1,200 in 2011.
That will translate into revenues of $1.2 billion for military fuel cells in 2017, up from only $9 million in 2011, the cleantech market intelligence firm finds.
"Fuel cells will be used in a range of applications by military agencies, including stationary power, mobile electric power, auxiliary power units, unmanned vehicles, and non-tactical vehicles," says research director Kerry-Ann Adamson. "The largest opportunities for military fuel cells, however, lie in soldier wearable and portable power applications for devices such as radios, ruggedized computers, and night-vision goggles, in which fuel cells are primarily used as a replacement for portable batteries, and in power for unmanned sensors and surveillance systems."
The strongest drivers for the adoption of fuel cells by the worlds armed forces are performance and energy density, particularly for use by individual troopers. On average, each soldier carries around nine pounds of disposable batteries in their kit, used for powering a range of portable electronics such as imaging and communications equipment. The burden on todays soldiers to carry more and more high-tech equipment is increasing, and the batteries required to power all this equipment already constitutes an impractical percentage of total weight. Fuel cells, with a far greater energy density than conventional military batteries, represent an excellent means of lightening the load for soldiers and systems in the field.
Nevertheless, fuel cell manufacturers face formidable barriers in their pursuit of the military market. Military users are the worlds most demanding customers for fuel cells and, while they will be less price sensitive than the commercial market in the near term, their performance and production scale requirements may ultimately prove too difficult for some vendors to meet.
Pike Researchs report, "Fuel Cells for Military Applications", examines the stationary, transport, and portable power applications for fuel cell technologies currently being explored and validated by the U.S. Department of Defense, including a detailed analysis of market drivers as well as potential barriers to adoption. Forecasts through 2017 are also provided for those technologies and applications that are deemed as offering a realistic possibility of being deployed within that timeframe.
