Energy Storage Technology Markets: Advanced Battery Technologies, Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air, Flow Batteries, and Frequency Regulation for Utility-Scale Storage Applications

Energy Storage Technology Markets: Advanced Battery Technologies, Pumped Hydro, Compressed Air, Flow Batteries, and Frequency Regulation for Utility-Scale Storage Applications published by Pike Research in May, 2009. This report consists of 85 pages and the price starts from US $ 3500.

Introduction

Abstract

The stationary utility energy storage market is very much in its nascent stages. Most industry participants believe that energy storage technologies have a large role to play in the electricity grid of the future. The demand is being driven by several key trends, including the proliferation of intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, the onset of the smart grid concept, and a shift to plug-in hybrid and electric vehicles, to name just three. Because energy storage technology providers are selling into the slow-moving regulated utility market, the adoption process will be longer than one might predict, given the apparent growing market need. However, over the coming years, energy storage is likely to enjoy significant adoption by utilities in North America and other global markets.

The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that, for every gigawatt of wind capacity added, 17 megawatts of spinning reserves must also be built to account for the system' s variability. Also, utilities are building capacity to meet so-called needle peaks in electricity usage that only occur for a small number of hours each year. It is expensive and inefficient to size capacity to these peaks, and energy storage can play a large role in supplanting peaking generation. However, unlike solar and wind, energy storage technologies have historically received very little support in the form of government subsidies and incentives. This tide is starting to turn, and new commitments from the U.S. government, combined with greater interest from forward-looking utilities, are pointing the way to a strong market opportunity for energy storage.

This Pike Research report analyzes the global energy storage market opportunity from several key perspectives. It includes a detailed examination of the strengths, weaknesses, technological capabilities, and economics of various energy storage technologies, including an assessment of the market prospects for each. The report also analyzes the market drivers, barriers, and regulatory/legislative issues associated with energy storage markets. In addition, it includes granular market forecasts, segmented by technology and world region, along with profiles of key market participants.

Key questions addressed:

• What is the current size of the Energy Storage technology market by technology and region of the world?
• What are the key drivers and inhibitors of growth for Energy Storage technologies?
• Which Energy Storage technologies are likely to gain the largest market share in the future and why?
• What are the costs of Energy Storage technologies today, and what are the future pricing trends?
• What are the key applications for Energy Storage technologies?
• Who are the key industry players in the Energy Storage technology market?

Who needs this report?

• Energy Storage technology providers
• Utilities
• Solar and wind technology vendors
• Solar and wind project developers
• Distribution, installation, and service providers
• Venture capital and other equity investors
• Government agencies, associations, and non-profit organizations
• Consulting firms and investment banks focused on Energy Storage technologies

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Issues

• 2.1 Defining the Energy Storage Market
  • 2.1.1 Stationary Utility Energy Storage
  • 2.1.2 Market Size and Segmentation
• 2.2 Energy Storage Technology Descriptions
  • 2.2.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
  • 2.2.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage
  • 2.2.3 Traditional Lead Acid Batteries
  • 2.2.4 Nickel Based Batteries
  • 2.2.5 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
  • 2.2.6 Flow Batteries
    • 2.2.6.1 Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
    • 2.2.6.2 Zinc Bromide Flow Batteries
  • 2.2.7 Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
  • 2.2.8 Other Battery Technologies
  • 2.2.9 Flywheels
    • 2.2.9.1 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
    • 2.2.9.2 Supercapacitors/Ultracapacitors
• 2.3 Energy Storage Technology Comparisons
  • 2.3.1 Overview
  • 2.3.2 Functional Comparison
  • 2.3.3 Cost Comparison
• 2.4 Industry Growth Drivers
  • 2.4.1 Utility Grid Challenges
  • 2.4.2 Utility Value Proposition
  • 2.4.3 Early Adopters
    • 2.4.3.1 American Electric Power
    • 2.4.3.2 California Utilities
• 2.5 Energy Storage Technology Applications
  • 2.5.1 Background
  • 2.5.2 Generation Applications
  • 2.5.3 Frequency Regulation Services
  • 2.5.4 Transmission and Distribution Applications
• 2.6 Distributed Energy Trends
• 2.7 Transmission Investment Tradeoff
• 2.8 Barriers to Adopting Energy Storage Technologies
  • 2.8.1 Standalone Economic Proposition
  • 2.8.2 ISO and RTO Market Dynamics
    • 2.8.2.1 FERC Order No. 890
    • 2.8.2.2 ISO and RTO Market Update
• 2.9 Wind Energy Industry' s Position on Energy Storage
• 2.10 Legislative, Regulatory, Incentives and Subsidies
  • 2.10.1 Leading Wind and Photovoltaic Adopting Countries
  • 2.10.2 United States
  • 2.10.3 California Self-Generation Incentive Program
  • 2.10.4 Japan
  • 2.10.5 Rest of World
• 2.11 Grid Interconnection
• 2.12 Smart Grid Developments
• 2.13 Grid of the Future

3. Technology Issues

• 3.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
  • 3.1.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage
  • 3.2.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.3 Traditional Lead Acid Batteries
  • 3.3.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.3.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.4 Traditional Nickel-Based Batteries
  • 3.4.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.4.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
  • 3.4.3 Nickel Metal Hydride
• 3.5 Next Generation Batteries
  • 3.5.1 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
    • 3.5.1.1 Basic Principles
    • 3.5.1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
  • 3.5.2 Flow Batteries
    • 3.5.2.1 Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries
      • 3.5.2.1.1 Basic Principles
      • 3.5.2.1.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
    • 3.5.2.2 Zinc Bromide Flow Batteries
      • 3.5.2.2.1 Basic Principles
      • 3.5.2.2.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.6 Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
  • 3.6.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.6.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.7 Battery Technology Comparison
• 3.8 Flywheels
  • 3.8.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.8.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.9 Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
  • 3.9.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.9.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.10 Supercapacitors/Ultracapacitors
  • 3.10.1 Basic Principles
  • 3.10.2 Strengths and Weaknesses
• 3.11 Energy Storage Technology Comparisons

4. Key Industry Players

• 4.1 A123 Systems
  • 4.1.1 Business Description
  • 4.1.2 Recent Developments
• 4.2 ActivePower
  • 4.2.1 Business Description
  • 4.2.2 Recent Developments
• 4.3 Altair Nanotechnologies
  • 4.3.1 Business Description
  • 4.3.2 Recent Developments
• 4.4 Beacon Power
  • 4.4.1 Business Description
  • 4.4.2 Recent Developments
• 4.5 Deeya Energy
  • 4.5.1 Business Description
  • 4.5.2 Recent Developments
• 4.6 Energy Storage and Power
  • 4.6.1 Business Description
  • 4.6.2 Recent Developments
• 4.7 FireFly Energy
  • 4.7.1 Business Description
  • 4.7.2 Recent Developments
• 4.8 General Compression
  • 4.8.1 Business Description
  • 4.8.2 Recent Developments
• 4.9 GreenSmith Energy Management
  • 4.9.1 Business Description
  • 4.9.2 Recent Developments
• 4.10 Iowa Stored Energy Park (ISEPA)
  • 4.10.1 Business Description
• 4.11 Maxwell Technologies
  • 4.11.1 Business Description
  • 4.11.2 Recent Developments
• 4.12 NGK Insulators
  • 4.12.1 Business Description
  • 4.12.2 Recent Developments
• 4.13 Pentadyne Power
  • 4.13.1 Business Description
  • 4.13.2 Recent Developments
• 4.14 Premium Power
  • 4.14.1 Business Description
  • 4.14.2 Recent Developments
• 4.15 Saft Batteries
  • 4.15.1 Business Description
  • 4.15.2 Recent Developments
• 4.16 VRB Power Systems / Prudent Energy
  • 4.16.1 Business Description
  • 4.16.2 Recent Developments
• 4.17 Vycon
  • 4.17.1 Business Description
  • 4.17.2 Recent Developments
• 4.18 ZBB Energy Corporation
  • 4.18.1 Business Description
  • 4.18.2 Recent Developments

5. Market Forecasts

• 5.1 Adoption
• 5.2 Market Potential
• 5.3 Energy Storage Technology Capacity
  • 5.3.1 The Case for Battery Technology
  • 5.3.2 Government Funding
  • 5.3.3 Venture Capital Funding
  • 5.3.4 Li-ion Battery Performance Potential
  • 5.3.5 Global Volume Forecasts for Energy Storage Technologies
• 5.4 Cost
  • 5.4.1 Battery Cost
  • 5.4.2 Energy Storage Technology Cost Summary
  • 5.4.3 Energy Storage Technology Revenue Forecast
• 5.5 Regional Forecasts
  • 5.5.1 Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
  • 5.5.2 Compressed Air Energy Storage
  • 5.5.3 Lead Acid batteries
  • 5.5.4 Sodium Sulfur Batteries
  • 5.5.5 Flow Batteries
  • 5.5.6 Advanced Lithium Ion Batteries
  • 5.5.7 Other High Power Energy Storage Technologies

6. Company Directory

7. Acronym and Abbreviation list

8. Table of Contents

9. Table of Figures

10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

Table of Charts and Figures

• Overview of Stationary Utility Energy Storage Technologies
• Current Energy Storage Options: Discharge Time vs. System Power Ratings
• Energy Storage Technologies Comparison of Capital Cost per Unit of Power and Energy
• Storage Power Requirements for Electric Power Utility Applications
• Definition of Frequency Regulation Services
• ZBB Energy Economics of the SGIP Incentive
• Energy Storage Technologies, Comparison of Weight and Energy Density
• Energy Storage Technologies, Comparison of Efficiency and Cycle Life
• NGK' s Historical and Projected NAS Battery Business
• A123 Systems Grid Stabilization Applications
• High-Energy Li-ion Battery Estimated Cost Components
• Projected Cost for VRB-Based Battery Technology
• Map of ISO and RTO Market Regions
• European Commission' s Vision of the Future of the Grid and Energy Storage
• Schematic of Pumped Hydroelectric Storage
• Schematic of Compressed Air Energy Storage
• Schematic of Lead Acid Battery Technology
• Schematic of Nickel Cadmium Battery Technology
• Schematic of Sodium Sulfur Battery Technology
• Schematic of Vanadium Redox Battery Technology
• Schematic of Zinc Bromide Flow Battery Technology
• Schematic of Lithium Ion Battery Technology
• Schematic of Flywheel Technology
• Beacon Power Commercial Flywheel Plant in Tyngsboro, MA
• Schematic of Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage
• Li-ion Manufacturing Steps and Opportunities for Cost Reduction
• Energy Storage Technology Cumulative and Annual Market Shares: 2008
• Overview Comparison of Energy Storage Technology Functions and Cost
• Generation Energy Storage Technology Applications
• Transmission and Distribution Energy Storage Technology Applications
• Summary of ISO and RTO Energy Storage Market Developments
• Top Wind and Photovoltaic Countries
• Comparative Performance Characteristics of Battery Technologies
• Overall Energy Storage Technology Comparison
• Global Volume Forecasts for Energy Storage Technologies
• Estimated Costs of Li-ion Batteries
• Cost Projections for Energy Storage Technologies
• Revenue Forecasts for Energy Storage Technologies

Table of Tables

• Annual Growth of Pumped Hydro, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Pumped Hydro Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Pumped Hydro Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Pumped Hydro Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of CAES, World Markets: 2008-2018
• CAES Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• CAES Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• CAES Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Lead Acid Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Lead Acid Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Lead Acid Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Lead Acid Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of NAS Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• NAS Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• NAS Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• NAS Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Advanced Li-ion Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Li-ion Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Li-ion Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Li-ion Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Advanced NiCd Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Advanced NiCd Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Advanced NiCd Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Advanced NiCd Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Znbr Flow Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Znbr Flow Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Znbr Flow Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Znbr Flow Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of VRB Flow Batteries, World Markets: 2008-2018
• VRB Flow Battery Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• VRB Flow Battery Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• VRB Flow Battery Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Flywheels, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Flywheel Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Flywheel Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Flywheel Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of SMES, World Markets: 2008-2018
• SMES Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• SMES Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• SMES Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Supercapacitors, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Supercapacitors Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Supercapacitors Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Supercapacitors Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Annual Growth of Energy Storage Technologies, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Energy Storage Technologies Global Installed Capacity, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Energy Storage Technologies Installed Price, World Markets: 2008-2018
• Energy Storage Technologies Installed System Revenue, World Markets: 2008-2018

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