Roads to Intelligent Transportation Systems: Assessment Technologies and Markets

Roads to Intelligent Transportation Systems: Assessment Technologies and Markets published by Practel, Inc. in May, 2009. This report price starts from US $ 3990.

Introduction

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation Systems make it possible to imagine a near future in which cars will be able to foresee and avoid collisions, navigate the quickest route to their destination, making use of up-to-the minute traffic reports, identify the nearest available parking slot and minimize their carbon emissions. The main motivation for ITS is the improvement of road safety. It is a startling fact that some 1.35 million people are estimated to die on the world' s roads each year, and over 35 million are injured.

Standards work in ITS have been ongoing for more than 30 years, including such organizations as ITU, ETSI, IEEE, and ISO.

ITS development, at the present time, mostly concentrated on a car itself; an exception is "intelligent" tolling. Symbiosis of car operation functions with enhancement supported by radar and telecommunications technologies seems to be a very effective way to construct a car as a part of ITS. The goal is to reduce probability of driver' s mistakes, which are the main cause of accidents. This goal can be achieved by putting a burden to analyze the road situation and to make decisions based on such an analysis on a computer. Such a computer is supported by radars for sensing the road situation and by telecommunications devices to communicate with other vehicles, intelligent road and law enforcement/emergency personnel.

This report addresses ITS telecommunications and radar technologies and related markets.

• A. The report analyzes technologies and markets for CDPS - Collision Detection and Prevention Systems. They include RCDPS - Radar CDPS and CCDPS - Communications CDPS. Devices, which belong to different classes, can work either independently, or together, supporting each other.

• This report shows that both classes of the devices were adopted from other industries, namely radar and telecommunications. This adoption requires a lot of adjustment and design of the systems specific for the car collision prevention application. The report analyzes the CDPS market and provides a market forecast for 2009-2013. The analysis is based on the author' s model of the market and the use of publicly available information as well as on the results of interviews with vendors.

• B. This report also addresses marketing and technological issues of specific wireless technologies for ITS. Particular, the following evolving technologies and specific projects were considered:
  • 1. 5.9 GHz DSRC- This technology, as it seen today, may eventually replace the 915 MHz DSRC in the U.S. and the 5.8 GHz DSRC in Europe. 5.9 GHz DSRC is the emerging communication technology that offers standardized ITS products and benefits in national large-scale deployments. U.S. DOT and the automotive OEMs will be the strategic players making deployment decisions in the 2009-2010 timeframe; though large-scale projects are expected only in the 2014-2015 time frame. 5.9 GHz DSRC systems provide a significant enhancement in communication capabilities over all previous ITS systems. DSRC will support multiple uses in vehicle / public safety and commercial applications that cannot be achieved today. DSRC is a cost-effective communication service, especially when compared with current cellular and satellite systems.
  • 2. CALM (Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium Range) represents an ambitious attempt to provide a platform for a wide range of future communications requirements for ITS. As such, it cuts across several ongoing standards-making efforts, including those of the ITU (like NGN). The aim of CALM is to provide wide area communications to support ITS applications that work equally well on a variety of different network platforms, including 2G (GSM/GPRS), 3G (IMT-2000), 4G (IMT Advanced); as well as satellite, microwave, mm-wave, infrared, WiMax and short - range technologies like WiFi.
  • 3. The report also concentrates on the analysis of multiple ITS networking projects that are conducting in various parts of the world. These projects, which are organized by the industry and governmental agencies with participation of standard organizations (such as ETSI, CEN, IEEE and other) are testing various technologies to find and define optimal ways to enhance ITS with reliable means of communications. It seems that 5.9 GHz DSRC is in the wining position to be used for many ITS applications-it was recently approved for use in Europe (though Japan and some other countries utilize different technologies). CALM is coming into the play as an "universal platform" allowing utilization of a set of wireless protocols.

The report also provides marketing statistics for some of the discussed technologies.

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction 9

• 1.1 Goal 9
• 1.2 Scope 10
• 1.3 Research Methodology 10
• 1.4 Target Audience 11

2.0 Intelligent Transportation Systems 12

• 2.1 General 12
• 2.2 History: U.S. 13
• 2.3 ITS Architecture: U.S. 14
• 2.3.1 Global ITS Development 15
• 2.4 Technologies 16
• 2.5 ITS Applications 17
• 2.6 National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP) 19

3.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Basis 23

• 3.1 General 23
• 3.2 IEEE 802.11p 24
  • 3.2.1 General 24
  • 3.2.2 Objectives and Status 25
    • 3.2.2.1 ASTM Standard 25
  • 3.2.3 5.9 GHz Transmission Advantages 26
  • 3.2.4 Major Features 27
• 3.3 IEEE 1609 27
  • 3.3.1 General 27
  • 3.3.2 Overview 27
  • 3.3.3 IEEE 1609 in Use 29

4.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Development 30

• 4.1 History 30
• 4.2 Equipment 30
• 4.3 Details: Dedicated Short Range Communications 31
• 4.4 Channel Designation 32
• 4.5 Place 34
• 4.6 Applications 34
• 4.7 DSRC (5.9 GHz) Transmission Characteristics (U.S.) 36
• 4.8 DSRC at Work 37
  • 4.8.1 Service Categories 39
  • 4.8.2 Requirements: DSRC 39
• 4.9 Regulation 39
• 4.9.1 Licensing 41
• 4.10 Comparison 42

5.0 DSRC Worldwide Standard Activity 44

• 5.1 General 44
• 5.2 Process 44

6.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Benefits and Limitations 51

• 6.1 General 51
  • 6.1.2 Toll Industry Benefits 51
• 6.2 Limitations 52

7.0 RFID and DSRC: Similarities and Differences 54

8.0 Market 55

• 8.1 Market Drivers 55
• 8.2 Market Requirements 56
• 8.3 Data 56
• 8.4 Market Estimate 57

9.0 DSRC Vendors 60

• Arinc 60
• Kapsch 61
• Mark IV 63
• Oki 65
• Q-Free 66
• Raytheon 68
• Savari 69
• Sirit 71
• TransCore 72
• TechnoCom 73

10.0 CALM: Continuous Air-interface, Long and Medium Range 77

• 10.1 Goals 77
  • 10.1.1 Vehicle- Infrastructure 77
• 10.2 Specifics 78
• 10.3 ISO TC 204 WG 16 79
  • 10.3.1 IPv6 and NEMO 80
• 10.4 CALM: International Efforts 81
• 10.5 CALM: Applications 83
• 10.6 Issues 84

11.0 CEN 86

• 11.1 General 86
• 11.2 CEN and ITS 86

12.0 ETSI 88

13.0 IETF 89

14.0 Prevent 90

15.0 Activity-Major Wireless Communications-Related ITS Projects 92

16.0 Companies 98

• EFKON AG 98
• G.E.A 99
• IRD 100
• Inrix 101
• PhyChips 102
• Thales 103

17.0 CDPS-Collision Detection and Prevention Systems 105

• 17.1 General 105
• 17.2 Need for CDPS 105
• 17.3 Why CDPS 106
• 17.4 Classification 107
• 17.5 Current View 107
  • 17.5.1 History and Systems Examples 109
• 17.6 CDPS Classifications 111
  • 17.6.1 Functional Classification 112
    • 17.6.1.1 Advisory Collision Avoidance Systems 112
    • 17.6.1.2 Collision Warning Systems 112
    • 17.6.1.3 Automated Crash Avoidance Systems 112
  • 17.6.2 CDPS based on Crash Type 112
    • 17.6.2.1 Single Vehicle Road Departure 112
    • 17.6.2.2. Collisions at Intersections 113
• 17.7 Benefits 114
• 17.8 Issues 115
• 17.9 Technology 115
  • 17.9.1 General 115
  • 17.9.2 The CDPS Evolution Process 116
  • 17.9.3 Technological Structure 116
    • 17.9.3.1 General 116
  • 17.9.4 RCDPS 117
    • 17.9.4.1 Types 117
    • 17.9.4.2 Structures 119
    • 17.9.4.2.1 Standards 119
    • 17.9.4.3 Frequency Bands 120
    • 17.9.4.4 Radar: RF and Optical 120
    • 17.9.4.5 Properties 121
    • 17.9.4.6 Advances 122
    • 17.9.4.7 Future Evolution 125
  • 17.9.5 CCDPS 126
    • 17.9.5.1 General 126
    • 17.9.5.2 Structures 126
    • 17.9.5.3 Global Positioning Satellites 127
    • 17.9.5.4 CCDPS Informative 127
    • 17.9.5.5 Do not Disturb 128
    • 17.9.5.6 What CCDPS Can Do 129
    • 17.9.5.7 "Collective" Car 129
    • 17.9.5.8 Navigation 130
    • 17.9.5.9 Telematics 130
      • 17.9.5.9.1 General 130
      • 17.9.5.9.2 Trends 131
• 17.10 Market 131
  • 17.10.1 Market Drivers 131
    • 17.10.1.1 OPEX and CAPEX Savings 132
    • 17.10.1.2 Technological Factor 132
  • 17.10.2 Market Specifics 132
  • 17.10.3 Market Barriers 132
  • 17.10.4 Market Forecast 133
    • 17.10.4.1 Model Assumptions 133
    • 17.10.4.2 CDPS Market Size Estimate 134
    • 17.10.4.3 Market Segmentation 134
• 17.11 CDPS Technical-Economical Characteristics: Summary 136
  • 17.11.1 RCDPS 136
  • 17.11.2 CCDPS 137
  • 17.11.3 Pricing 137
• 17.12 Market Players 137

• Advantech 138
• Arinc 138
• Autoliv 139
• Cambridge Consultants, Ltd 140
• Cambridge Systematics 141
• DENSO 142
• Chrysler (Bankrupt as of April 2009) 143
• Continental 145
• Delphi Corporation 146
• Eaton Corp. 149
• Georgia Institute of Technology 150
• Hitachi 151
• Honda 152
• Intergraph 153
• Iteris 154
• M/A Com - TYCO Electronics (The Division was acquired by Autoliv in 2008) 156
• Microsoft 157
• Mitsubishi 157
• Motorola 160
• NEC 162
• Satellite Security Systems 163
• Siemens 164
• Tenet (Envitia) 167
• Toyota 168
• TRW (Northrop Grumman) 169
• Valeo Raytheon 170
• Volkswagen 171
• Visteon 173

18.0 Conclusions 176

APPENDIX I: ISO ITS Standards 179

APPENDIX II: ITS-related National and International Standards 182

APPENDIX III: ITS - Comparison of Wireless Communications Standards 186

• Figure 1: Wireless Communications: ITS Environment 13
• Figure 2: ITS Architecture 14
• Figure 3: NTCIP Structure 20
• Figure 4: Communications Model: WAVE 23
• Figure 5: 5.9 GHz DSRC: Spectrum Allocation Details 32
• Figure 6: Channel Assignment 33
• Figure 7: Major Categories-5.9 GHz DSRC Services 33
• Figure 8: Collision Detection/Avoidance System 34
• Figure 9: Work Zone Warning 35
• Figure 10: "Smart" Car 35
• Figure 11: 5.9 GHz DSRC Rate vs. Distance 37
• Figure 12: Logical Flow 38
• Figure 13: DSRC Frequencies Planning 40
• Figure 14: 5.9 GHz DSRC Program Schedule 45
• Figure 15: N.A. 5.9 GHz DSRC Program 48
• Figure 16: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Tag Sale ($M) 55
• Figure 17: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Tags Sale (Unit 000) 56
• Figure 18: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Readers Sale (Unit 000) 56
• Figure 19: Addressable Market NA: 5.9 GHz DSRC Readers Sale ($M) 57
• Figure 20: CALM: Infrastructure-Vehicle 76
• Figure 21: CALM Architecture 83
• Figure 22: Modern Car Collision Avoidance 123
• Figure 23: CDPS Addressable Market ($B) 139
• Figure 24: Proportion: RCDPS and CCDPS (%) 2008 View 140
• Figure 25: Proportion: RCDPS and CCDPS (%) 2013 View 140
• Figure 26: CDPS Market Geographic (2009) as % of Manufactured Cars 141

• Table 1: 5.9 GHz DSRC U.S. Characteristics 36
• Table 2: Events Priorities 39
• Table 3: Requirements 39
• Table 4: Service-related Characteristics 42
• Table 5: 915 MHz and 5.9 GHz DSRC Differences 42
• Table 6: Summary Standards; 5.9 GHz DSRC 44
• Table 7: 5.9 GHz DSRC Advantages 50
• Table 8: DSRC Benefits 50
• Table 9: CALM-WG16 81
• Table 10: ETSI ITS-related Standards 86
• Table 11: Statistics 112
• Table 12: CDPS Use 114

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