This report is an effort to identify factors, which will be the driving force
behind the chromatography market and sub-markets in the next few years. The
report provides extensive analysis of the industry, current market trends,
industry drivers and challenges for better understanding of the market
structure. The report has segregated the chromatography industry in terms of
product and geography. We have used a combination of primary and secondary
research to arrive at the market estimates, market shares and trends. We have
adopted bottom up model to derive market size of the global chromatography
market and further validated numbers with the key market participants and
C-level executives.
This report highlights the industry with the following points:
Definition, estimates and forecast of chromatography market from 2011 to
2017
Analysis of product segments for chromatography market with historical
data and forecast
Trends and forecast for four geographic markets, namely U.S., Europe,
Asia-Pacific and RoW based on segments of chromatography market
Profiles of major market participants for better understanding of their
contributions
This research is specially designed to estimate and analyze the demand and
performance of chromatography in global scenario. This research provides
in-depth analysis of chromatographic machines manufacturers, product sales,
trend analysis by segments and demand by geography. The report covers all the
major product segments of the global chromatography and provides in-depth
analysis, historical data and statistically refined forecast for the segments
covered. The study presents a comprehensive assessment of the stakeholder
strategies and winning imperatives for them by segmenting the global
chromatography as below:
Depending on the stationary and mobile phase and the separation techniques the classification of the chromatography is done as following:
Adsorption Chromatography
Partition Chromatography
Ion-Exchange Chromatography
Exclusion chromatography
Affinity Chromatography
Adsorption Chromatography:
In this type of chromatography liquid or gas is used as mobile phase and
adsorbent solid as stationary phase. The types of adsorption chromatography
are:
Adsorption column chromatography
Thin layer chromatography
Gas-solid chromatography
Partition Chromatography:
This involves liquid or gas as mobile phase and another liquid or solid as a
stationary phase. It is classified as into following sub segments:
Partition column chromatography
Paper chromatography.
Thin layer chromatography.
Gas-liquid chromatography.
High performance liquid chromatography.
In addition the report provides a cross-sectional analysis of all the above segments with respect to following geographical markets:
U.S.
Europe
Asia-Pacific
Rest of the World (RoW)
The in-depth research and high level analysis will allow chromatography
manufacturers, lawmakers, large retailers, medical companies and research and
development agencies to make informed decisions about chromatography
manufacturing, designing marketing, growth strategies and gaining competitive
advantage.
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
1.1. KEY TAKE-AWAYS
1.2. MARKETS COVERED15
1.3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY15
CHAPTER 2 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
CHAPTER 3 - MARKET ANALYSIS20
3.1. CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET OVERVIEW20
3.2. CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
3.2.1. GENERAL CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY TYPE
3.2.2. CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY APPLICATION
3.2.3. CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY GEOGRAPHY
3.3. MARKET DYNAMICS
3.3.1. DRIVERS
3.3.1.1. Growing Environmental and safety concerns
3.3.1.2. Rise in Crime Rate
3.3.1.3. Safety and Security of Human Life
3.3.1.4. Rise in the Number of Cancer Diagnosis
3.3.2. RESTRAINTS
3.3.2.1. Adverse effects on environment and human life
3.3.3.2. Growing curiosity of understanding life origin
3.3.3.3. Rising Concerns to keep Environment Pollution Free
3.4. MARKET ANALYSIS
3.5. MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS
CHAPTER 4 - GLOBAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET BY TYPE
4.1. GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.1.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
4.2. LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.2.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
4.2.2. HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.2.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
4.2.3. UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.2.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
4.3. OTHER TYPES OF CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.3.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
4.3.2. ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
4.3.3. LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
4.3.4. FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.3.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
4.3.5. TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRAPHY
4.3.5.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
CHAPTER 5 - CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET BY APPLICATION
5.1. BIOPHARMACEUTICALS & PHARMACEUTICALS
5.1.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
5.2. ACADEMICS AND RESEARCH LABORATORIES
5.2.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
5.3. AGRICULTURE AND FOOD
5.3.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
5.4. ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
5.4.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
5.5. OTHER APPLICATIONS
5.5.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
CHAPTER 6 - GEOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS
6.1. GLOBAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.1.1. CHROMATOGRAPHIC USAGE
6.1.2. MARKET VOLUME AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
6.2 US CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
6.2.2. US GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.3. US LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.3.2. US HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.3.3. US UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.4. US OTHER TYPE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.4.2. US ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.4.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.4.3. US LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.2.4.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.4.4. US FLASH CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.2.4.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.2.4.5. US TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRPAHYMARKET
6.2.4.5.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3. EUROPE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
6.3.2. EUROPE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.3. EUROPE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.3.2. Europe HPLC Chromatography market
6.3.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.3.3. Europe UHPLC Chromatography market
6.3.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.4. EUROPE OTHER TYPE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.4.2. Europe Ion Exchange CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.4.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.4.3. Europe LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.4.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.4.4. Europe FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.4.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.3.4.5. Europe TLC and Chemical Sensor CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.3.4.5.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4. ASIA CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.4.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
6.4.2. ASIA GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.4.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.3. ASIA LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.4.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.3.2. Asia HPLC Chromatography market
6.4.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.3.3. Asia UHPLC Chromatography market
6.4.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.4. ASIA OTHER TYPE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.4.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.4.2. Asia Ion Exchange Chromatography market
6.4.4.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.4.3. Asia LPLC Chromatography market
6.4.4.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.4.4. Asia FLASH Chromatography market
6.4.4.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.4.4.5. Asia TLC and Chemical Sensor Chromatography market
6.4.4.5.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5. REST OF THE WORLD (ROW) CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.5.1. MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST, 2011 TO 2017
6.5.2. ROW GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.5.2.1 Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.3. ROW LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET
6.5.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.3.2. ROW HPLC CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.3.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.3.3. ROW UHPLC CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.3.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.4. ROW OTHER TYPE CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.4.2. ROW ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.4.2.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.4.3. ROW LPLC CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.4.3.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.4.4. ROW FLASH CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.4.4.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
6.5.4.5. ROW TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRPAHY MARKET
6.5.4.5.1. Market revenue and forecast, 2011 to 2017
CHAPTER 7 - COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
7.1. SUMMARY
7.2. MARKET SHARE BY KEY PLAYERS
7.3. COMPETITIVE STRATEGY BY KEY PLAYERS
7.4. AGREEMENTS AND COLLABORATIONS
CHAPTER 8 - RECOMMENDATIONS
8.1. MARKET STRATEGY FOR SUCCESS
8.2. BARRIERS TO BE CONSIDERED
8.3. FUTURE ASSUMPTIONS
CHAPTER 9 - COMPANY PROFILE
9.1. THERMO FISHER SCIENTIFIC INC
9.1.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.1.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.1.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.1.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.1.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.1.6. RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
9.2. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES, INC.
9.2.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.2.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.2.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.2.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.2.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.3. SHIMADZU CORPORRATION
9.3.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.3.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.3.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.3.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.3.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.4. WATERS CORPORATION
9.4.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.4.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.4.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.4.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.4.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.5. AFFYMETRIX, INC.
9.5.1. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.5.2. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
9.5.3. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.5.4. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.5.5. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS
9.6. SIEMENS HEALTHCARE
9.6.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.6.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.6.3. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
9.6.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.6.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.7. ILLUMINA INC.
9.7.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.7.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.7.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.7.4. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.8. HORIBA LIMITED
9.8.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.8.2. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
9.8.3. KEY COMPETITORS
9.8.4. PRODUCT MIX
9.9. PERKINELMER, INC.
9.9.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.9.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.9.3. FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE
9.9.4. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.10. LIFE TECHNOLOGIES
9.10.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.10.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.10.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.10.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.10.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.11. PROTAGEN AG
9.11.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.11.2. KEY COMPETITORS
9.11.3. PRODUCT OVERVIEW
9.12. ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS LIMITED
9.12.1. BRIEF PROFILE
9.12.2. MARKET OVERVIEW
9.12.3. FINANCIAL OVERVIEW
9.12.4. BUSINESS DESCRIPTION
9.12.5. SWOT ANALYSIS
9.12.6. MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS
LIST OF FIGURES
FIG. 1: CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY TYPE
FIG. 2: CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY APPLICATION
FIG. 3: CLASSIFICATION OF CHROMATOGRAPHY BY GEOGRAPHY
FIG. 4: MARKET ATTRACTIVENESS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 2011-2017
FIG. 5: MARKET SHARE ANALYSIS OF CHROMATOGRAPHY 2011-2017
FIG. 6: GLOBAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 7: GLOBAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 8: GLOBAL HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 9: GLOBAL UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 10: GLOBAL OTHER TYPE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011
- 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 11: GLOBAL ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST
2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 12: GLOBAL LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 13: GLOBAL FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 14: GLOBAL TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE
AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 15: GLOBAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS AND PHARMACEUTICALS CHROMATOGRAPHY
MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 16: GLOBAL ACADEMICS AND RESEARCH LABORATORIES CHROMATOGRAPHY
MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 17: GLOBAL AGRICULTURE AND FOODCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND
FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 18: GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL TESTINGCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND
FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 19: GLOBAL OTHER APPLICATIONS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND
FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 21: GLOBAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 22: US CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 23: US GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 24: US LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 25: US HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 26: US UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 27: US OTHER TYPECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 28: US ION EXCHANGECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 29: US LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 30: US FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKETREVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 31: US TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND
FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 32: TOTAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 33: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 34: LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 35: HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 36: UHPLCCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 37: EUROPE OTHER TYPECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011
- 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 38: EUROPE OTHER TYPECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011
- 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 39: EUROPE LPLCCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 40: EUROPE FLASHCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 41: EUROPE FLASHCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 42: GLOBAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 43: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 44: LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 45: HPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 46: UHPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 47: OTHER TYPECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 48: ION EXCHANGECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 49: LPLCCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 50: FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 51: TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSORCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST
2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 52: GLOBAL CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 53: GASCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 54: LIQUIDCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 55: HPLCCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD
MILLIONS
FIG. 56: UHPLCCHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 57: OTHER TYPECHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017
IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 58: ION EXCHANGE CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 -
2017 IN USD MILLIONS
FIG. 59: LPLC CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 60: FLASH CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN
USD MILLIONS
FIG. 61: TLC AND CHEMICAL SENSOR CHROMATOGRAPHY MARKET REVENUE AND
FORECAST 2011 - 2017 IN USD MILLIONS
LIST OF TABLES
Chromatography Market - Global Scenario, Trends, Industry Analysis, Size, Share And Forecasts, 2012 - 2017 published by Transparency Market Research in August 6, 2012. This report consists of 114 Pages and the price starts from US $ 4395.