Osteoporosis Drugs: Technologies and Global Markets

Abstract

THIS REPORT CONTAINS:

• Discussion of osteoporosis drugs currently on the market in six major classes: biphosphonates, selective estrogen receptors modulators (SERMs), calcitonins, parathyroid hormones, dual-action bone agents, and hormone replacement therapies (HRTs)
• Analysis of market trends, with data for 2007 and 2008, estimates for 2009, and projections of compound annual growth rates (CAGRs) through 2014
• Breakdown of the industry structure for emerging drug classes
• Review of disease prevalence and region-specific aspects that affect the diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis patients
• Comprehensive company profiles.

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This study intends to provide readers with an understanding of the global market for prescription drugs that treat and prevent osteoporosis. The study describes the industry structure and major participants in the osteoporosis drugs market, market dynamics and competitive aspects, current developments and future market trends, to assist in understanding the market and identifying areas of commercial interest and potential in osteoporosis.

The study provides an assessment of the current market status, along with an analysis of the patient population, marketed drugs, market revenues, and company shares. The unmet needs of the osteoporosis market, and the challenges that companies must overcome to compete in this market, along with the future trends that shape the industry are also discussed. Future market revenues are forecast for the global market, major drug classes, and largest geographical regions. The study also reviews the compounds currently being investigated in clinical studies for the treatment of osteoporosis.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder experiencing increasing prevalence globally, due mainly to the aging of the population and the increasing life expectancy worldwide. Osteoporosis fractures are a major cause of disability and morbidity, particularly among older people, and lead to decreased quality of life and increased costs due to disability and need for assisted living. The market for osteoporosis drugs is large, with global revenues exceeding $8.4 billion in 2008, and projected to grow. Prescription drugs for this indication could have great commercial success; four currently marketed drugs in this indication had global revenues of more than $1 billion at some point in their lifecycle. Additionally, several new drugs are projected to enter the market through 2014 and are expected to contribute to the overall osteoporosis market growth.

SCOPE OF REPORT

The report intends to provide a current market snapshot and future developments in the osteoporosis drugs market covering the period from 2007 through 2014. The report describes the existing drug classes approved for these indications, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), parathyroid hormones (PTHs), calcitonins, dual-action bone agents (DABAs), and hormone replacement therapies (HRTs). The pipeline of drugs in clinical trials for these indications is also presented and analyzed.

The report includes the following major sections:

• Disease overview
• Patient population analysis
• Industry structure and competitive analysis, including tiers of competition, competitive factors, market unmet needs, challenges, and trends
• Overall market revenue forecast, as well as revenue forecast by major drug classes and geographical regions
• Global market shares and by geographical regions
• In-depth analyses of current drug classes and profiles of major drugs
• Reviews and analyses of compounds in clinical trials, with an emphasis on drugs in advanced stages of development

METHODOLOGY

The analyses and data presented in this report are based on information collected from a variety of industry sources, including pharmaceutical manufacturers and end users. Secondary information sources include company financials and documentation, Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) filings, trade organizations and publications, online databases, and medical and scientific literature.

The base year for analysis and forecast is 2008. Revenue forecasts are provided for the period of 2009 to 2014. The forecasts are based on a comprehensive analysis of a variety of market and product-specific factors, including historical, current, and future trends; existing and undiagnosed patient population; unmet market needs; existing products patent expiration dates; the threat of generic substitution; new market entrants; and their value proposition and differentiation.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

This report provides information that is useful for business planners, market researchers, marketers, business developers, investors, venture capitalists, consultants, and anyone who wants to understand or invest in this market. The information is also useful for technology licensing and scientific research and development purposes. >

Table of Contents

Chapter- 1: INTRODUCTION -- Complimentary 4

• STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES 1
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY 1
• SCOPE OF REPORT 1
• METHODOLOGY 2
• INTENDED AUDIENCE 2
• INFORMATION SOURCES 3
• ANALYST CREDENTIALS 3
• RELATED BCC REPORTS 3
• BCC ONLINE SERVICES 3
• DISCLAIMER 4

Chapter-2: SUMMARY 3

• SUMMARY TABLE GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 5
• SUMMARY FIGURE GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 6
• SUMMARY (CONTINUED) 7

Chapter-3: OVERVIEW 15

• INTRODUCTION 8
• OSTEOPOROSIS OVERVIEW 8
• MEDICATION TREATMENT 9
• CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS DRUGS 9
• Bisphosphonates 10
• SERMs 10
• PTHs 11
• Calcitonins 11
• HRTs 12
• TABLE 1 MARKETED OSTEOPOROSIS DRUGS 13
• TABLE 1 (CONTINUED) 14
• DRUG DELIVERY METHODS 14
• Oral Drugs 15
• Injectable Drugs 15
• Nasal Spray and Transdermal Drugs 16
• DRUG DEVELOPMENT PROCESS 16
• INDUSTRY PLAYERS 17
• MAJOR DRUG MANUFACTURERS 18
• SPECIALTY PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES 18
• SMALLER COMPANIES 19
• COMPETITIVE FACTORS 20
• SIGNIFICANT TRENDS 21
• GLOBAL AGING POPULATION AND INCREASING LIFE EXPECTANCY TO LEAD TO THE RISING PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS 21
• LAUNCH OF NOVEL MECHANISM DRUGS AND IMPROVED FORMULATIONS OF MARKETED DRUGS TO ENHANCE TREATMENT OPTIONS 21
• PATENT EXPIRATIONS OF BLOCKBUSTER DRUGS AND GENERIC DRUG LAUNCHES TO HINDER MARKET GROWTH 22

Chapter-4: DISEASE OVERVIEW 16

• OSTEOPOROSIS OVERVIEW 23
• OVERVIEW OF THE BONE 24
• BONE STRUCTURE 24
• BONE REMODELING 25
• THE ROLES OF HORMONES IN BONE HEALTH 26
• The Roles of Hormones ... (Continued) 27
• CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS 28
• WHO CLASSIFICATION 28
• TABLE 2 WHO CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS 29
• PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY OSTEOPOROSIS 29
• MAYO CLINIC CLASSIFICATION 30
• TABLE 3 MAYO CLINIC CLASSIFICATION OF OSTEOPOROSIS 30
• OSTEOPOROSIS CAUSES AND RISK FACTORS 30
• DIAGNOSIS 31
• OSTEOPOROSIS COMPLICATIONS 32
• DRUG CLASSES APPROVED IN THE TREATMENT OF OSTEOPOROSIS 33
• TABLE 4 OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG CLASSES 34
• BISPHOSPHONATES 34
• SERMS 35
• PTHS 35
• DABAS 35
• CALCITONINS 35
• HRTS 36
• TABLE 5 OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG CLASSES COMPARISON 36
• TABLE 5 (CONTINUED) 37
• MEDICATION TREATMENT ALGORITHMS 37
• FIRST LINE OF THERAPY 38
• SECOND LINE OF THERAPY 38
• THIRD LINE OF THERAPY 38

Chapter-5: PATIENT POPULATION ANALYSIS 12

• OVERVIEW 39
• TABLE 6 OSTEOPOROSIS-RELATED FRACTURES BY PATIENT' S GENDER, 2006 (%) 40
• PATIENT POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS: U.S. AND CANADA 41
• TABLE 7 ESTIMATED OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENT POPULATION: U.S. AND CANADA, 2010 (MILLIONS) 41
• U.S. 42
• TABLE 8 PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN THE U.S., AGE e" 65 YEARS, 2004 (%) 42
• TABLE 9 U.S. OSTEOPOROSIS-RELATED FRACTURES, 2005 43
• CANADA 43
• PATIENT POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS: EU 44
• TABLE 10 ESTIMATED OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENT POPULATION IN THE EU, 2009 (MILLIONS) 44
• GERMANY 45
• FRANCE 46
• ITALY 46
• SPAIN 46
• U.K. 46
• TABLE 11 U.K. OSTEOPOROSIS-RELATED FRACTURES, 2005 47
• TABLE 12 NUMBER OF HIP FRACTURES PER YEAR IN EU COUNTRIES, 2005 47
• PATIENT POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS: ROW 48
• TABLE 13 ESTIMATED OSTEOPOROSIS PATIENT POPULATION: SELECTED COUNTRIES IN THE ROW, 2009 (MILLIONS) 48
• CHINA 49
• INDIA 49
• JAPAN 49
• LATIN AMERICA 50

Chapter-6: INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS 27

• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE 51
• TIERS OF COMPETITION 51
• TABLE 14 INDUSTRY STRUCTURE: MAJOR COMPETITORS AND MARKETED PRODUCTS 52
• MARKET CONCENTRATION AND PRICE SENSITIVITY 52
• BARRIERS TO ENTRY 53
• Market Saturation and Competitiveness 53
• Sales and Marketing Capabilities 54
• Scientific and Regulatory Challenges in the Development of New Drugs 55
• NOTABLE MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS 56
• COMPETITIVE FACTORS 57
• PRICE 57
• PRODUCT EFFICACY AND DOSAGE FREQUENCY 58
• DRUG DELIVERY MODE AND CONVENIENCE 58
• SAFETY PROFILE 59
• MARKETING AND SALES EFFECTIVENESS 60
• MARKET CHALLENGES 60
• DISEASE UNDERDIAGNOSIS AND UNDERTREATMENT 61
• POOR PATIENT ADHERENCE TO MEDICATION THERAPY 61
• DRUG REIMBURSEMENT ISSUES 62
• INCREASED SCRUTINY IN THE APPROVAL OF NEW DRUGS 62
• UNMET MARKET NEEDS 63
• IMPROVED ANABOLIC DRUGS 63
• DRUGS WITH SUPERIOR EFFICACY 63
• IMPROVED SIDE EFFECTS AND SAFETY PROFILE DRUGS 64
• IMPROVED DRUG DELIVERY MODALITIES 64
• IMPROVED IDENTIFICATION OF PATIENTS REQUIRING THERAPY 65
• MARKET TRENDS 65
• TABLE 15 MARKET TRENDS IN THE OSTEOPOROSIS MEDICATION MARKET 66
• INCREASED PREVALENCE OF OSTEOPOROSIS AND LIFE EXPECTANCY ARE EXPECTED TO DRIVE MARKET GROWTH GLOBALLY 66
• ENHANCED PATIENT AND PHYSICIAN AWARENESS IS EXPECTED TO LEAD TO EARLIER DISEASE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT 67
• NEW PRODUCT LAUNCHES WITH ENHANCED EFFICACY, CONVENIENCE, AND SAFETY PROFILES ARE EXPECTED TO EXPAND THE MARKET 67
• COST CONSTRAINTS TO AFFECT DRUG CHOICE AND REVENUES 68
• LOSS OF PATENT PROTECTION FOR MAJOR BLOCKBUSTER DRUGS TO SLOW OVERALL MARKET GROWTH 68
• TOTAL MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 69
• TOTAL MARKET REVENUES 69
• TABLE 16 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY DRUG CLASS, 2008 ($ MILLIONS) 69
• FIGURE 1 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY DRUG CLASS, 2008 (%) 70
• MARKET SHARES 70
• TABLE 17 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 71
• FIGURE 2 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 71
• MARKET FORECAST 72
• TABLE 18 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 73
• FIGURE 3 GLOBAL OSTEOPOROSIS DRUG MARKET BY GEOGRAPHIC REGION, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 73
• Forecast Assumptions 74
• Existing Drug Revenues 74
• Patent Expirations of Major Drugs 74
• Expected New Drug Launches 75
• Expected ... (Continued) 76
• Expected ... (Continued) 77

Chapter-7: MARKETS BY DRUG CLASSES 57

• BISPHOSPHONATES 78
• OVERVIEW 78
• TABLE 19 BISPHOSPHONATES INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, 2009 79
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 80
• SAFETY CONCERNS 81
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 82
• TABLE 20 GLOBAL BISPHOSPHONATES MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY, 2008 (%) 83
• FIGURE 4 GLOBAL BISPHOSPHONATES MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 83
• TABLE 21 GLOBAL BISPHOSPHONATES MARKET BY DRUG CLASS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 84
• FIGURE 5 GLOBAL BISPHOSPHONATES MARKET BY DRUG CLASS, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 85
• PRODUCT ANALYSIS 85
• Fosamax 85
• Competitive Aspects 86
• TABLE 22 FOSAMAX ANALYSIS 87
• Actonel 88
• Competitive Aspects 88
• Competitive Aspects (Continued) 89
• TABLE 23 ACTONEL ANALYSIS 90
• Boniva/Bonviva 90
• Competitive Aspects 91
• TABLE 24 BONIVA/BONVIVA ANALYSIS 92
• Reclast/Aclasta 93
• Competitive Aspects 93
• TABLE 25 RECLAST/ACLASTA ANALYSIS 94
• SERMS 94
• OVERVIEW 94
• TABLE 26 SERM INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, 2009 95
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 96
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 97
• TABLE 27 GLOBAL SERM MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 97
• FIGURE 6 GLOBAL SERM MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 98
• TABLE 28 GLOBAL SERM MARKET REVENUES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 99
• FIGURE 7 GLOBAL SERM MARKET REVENUES, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 99
• PRODUCTS ANALYSIS 99
• Evista 99
• Competitive Aspects 100
• TABLE 29 EVISTA ANALYSIS 101
• PTHS 101
• OVERVIEW 101
• TABLE 30 PTH DRUG INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, 2009 102
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 102
• Competitive Aspects (Continued) 103
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 104
• TABLE 31 GLOBAL PTH MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 104
• FIGURE 8 GLOBAL PTH MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 105
• TABLE 32 GLOBAL PTH MARKET REVENUES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 105
• FIGURE 9 GLOBAL PTH MARKET REVENUES, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 106
• PRODUCT ANALYSIS 106
• Forteo/Forsteo 106
• Competitive Aspects 107
• Competitive Aspects (Continued) 108
• TABLE 33 FORTEO ANALYSIS 109
• CALCITONINS 109
• OVERVIEW 109
• TABLE 34 CALCITONINS INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, 2009 110
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 110
• Competitive Aspects (Continued) 111
• Competitive Aspects (Continued) 112
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 113
• TABLE 35 GLOBAL CALCITONINS MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 113
• FIGURE 10 GLOBAL CALCITONINS MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 114
• TABLE 36 GLOBAL CALCITONINS MARKET, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 115
• FIGURE 11 GLOBAL CALCITONINS MARKET, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 115
• PRODUCT ANALYSIS 115
• Miacalcin/Miacalcic 115
• Competitive Aspects 116
• TABLE 37 MIACALCIN ANALYSIS 117
• DABAS 117
• OVERVIEW 117
• TABLE 38 DABA INDUSTRY STRUCTURE, 2009 118
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 118
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 119
• TABLE 39 GLOBAL DABA MARKET REVENUES, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 119
• FIGURE 12 GLOBAL DABAS MARKET REVENUES, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 120
• PRODUCT ANALYSIS 120
• Protelos 120
• Competitive Aspects 120
• TABLE 40 PROTELOS ANALYSIS 121
• HRT 121
• OVERVIEW 121
• Overview (Continued) 122
• TABLE 41 SELECTED MARKETED HRT DRUGS, 2009 123
• COMPETITIVE ASPECTS 124
• MARKET REVENUES AND FORECAST 125
• TABLE 42 GLOBAL HRT MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 125
• FIGURE 13 GLOBAL HRT MARKET SHARES BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 126
• TABLE 43 GLOBAL HRT MARKET, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 126
• FIGURE 14 GLOBAL HRT MARKET, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 127
• PRODUCTS ANALYSIS 127
• Premarin Line of Products 127
• Competitive Aspects 128
• TABLE 44 PREMARIN PRODUCTS LINE ANALYSIS 128
• TABLE 44 (CONTINUED) 129
• EMERGING DRUG CLASSES 129
• OVERVIEW 129
• TABLE 45 EMERGING DRUG CLASSES 130
• PRODUCT ANALYSIS 130
• Prolia 130
• Prolia (Continued) 131
• TABLE 46 PROLIA PROFILE 132
• Odanacatib 132
• TABLE 47 ODANACATIB PROFILE 133
• EMERGING DRUG CLASSES FORECAST 134
• TABLE 48 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUES FOR NEW MECHANISM DRUGS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 134
• FIGURE 15 GLOBAL MARKET REVENUES FOR NEW MECHANISM DRUGS, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 134

Chapter-8: MARKETS BY GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONS 15

• U.S. 135
• MARKET OVERVIEW: PRODUCTS, SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS 135
• Market Overview 135
• TABLE 49 U.S. MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 135
• FIGURE 16 U.S. MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 136
• Products 136
• Significant Aspects 137
• REVENUE FORECAST 138
• TABLE 50 U.S. MARKET FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 139
• FIGURE 17 U.S. MARKET FOR OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 139
• EU 140
• MARKET OVERVIEW: PRODUCTS, SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS 140
• Market Overview 140
• TABLE 51 EU MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 140
• FIGURE 18 EU MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 141
• Products 141
• Significant Aspects 141
• REVENUE FORECAST 142
• Revenue Forecast (Continued) 143
• TABLE 52 EU OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKET, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 144
• FIGURE 19 EU OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKET, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 144
• ROW MARKET 145
• MARKET OVERVIEW: PRODUCTS, SIGNIFICANT ASPECTS 145
• Market Overview 145
• TABLE 53 ROW MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 145
• FIGURE 20 ROW MARKET SHARES OF OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUGS BY COMPANY AND PRODUCT, 2008 (%) 146
• Products 146
• Significant Aspects 147
• REVENUE FORECAST 148
• TABLE 54 ROW OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKET, THROUGH 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 148
• FIGURE 21 ROW OSTEOPOROSIS PRESCRIPTION DRUG MARKET, 2007 - 2014 ($ MILLIONS) 149

Chapter-9: PIPELINE REVIEW 19

• PIPELINE OVERVIEW 150
• PIPELINE OVERVIEW (CONTINUED) 151
• RANK-LIGAND INHIBITORS 152
• CATHEPSIN K INHIBITORS 152
• SCLEROSTIN INHIBITORS 153
• CALCILYTICS 154
• DKK-1 ANTAGONISTS 154
• DRUGS FILED FOR REGULATORY APPROVAL 155
• PROLIA (DENOSUMAB) 155
• CONBRIZA/VIVIANT (BAZEDOXIFENE) 156
• FABLYN/OPORIA (LASOFOXIFENE) 156
• TABLE 55 OSTEOPOROSIS PIPELINE: DRUGS FILED FOR REGULATORY APPROVAL, 2010 157
• DRUGS IN PHASE III CLINICAL TRIALS 157
• BISPHOSPHONATES 157
• CALCITONINS 158
• CATHEPSIN K INHIBITORS 159
• SERMS/HRTS 159
• PTHS 160
• TABLE 56 GLOBAL PHASE III OSTEOPOROSIS PIPELINE, 2010 161
• DRUGS IN PHASE II CLINICAL TRIALS 162
• BISPHOSPHONATES 162
• BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN 162
• CALCILYTICS 163
• CALCITONINS 163
• CATHEPSIN K INHIBITORS 163
• DABAS 163
• PTHS 164
• SCLEROSTIN INHIBITORS 165
• TABLE 57 GLOBAL PHASE II OSTEOPOROSIS PIPELINE, 2010 165
• TABLE 57 (CONTINUED) 166
• DRUGS IN PHASE I CLINICAL TRIALS 166
• DKK-1 ANTAGONISTS 166
• PTHS 166
• RANK-LIGAND INHIBITORS 167
• SCLEROSTIN INHIBITORS 167
• SRC KINASE INHIBITORS 168
• TABLE 58 GLOBAL PHASE I OSTEOPOROSIS PIPELINE, 2010 168

Chapter-10: COMPANY PROFILES 22

• ABLYNX NV 169
• AEGIS THERAPEUTICS, LLC 169
• AMGEN, INC. 170
• BONE MEDICAL, LTD. 171
• CHUGAI PHARMACEUTICAL 171
• DAIICHI SANKYO 172
• EFFRX, INC. 172
• ELI LILLY 173
• EMISPHERE TECHNOLOGIES 174
• GLAXO WELLCOME U.K., LTD. 174
• GLAXOSMITHKLINE U.S. 175
• GREEN CROSS CORP. 176
• LES LABORATOIRES SERVIER 176
• MERCK & CO., INC. 177
• MERRION PHARMACEUTICALS 177
• NOVARTIS PHARMA 178
• NOVARTIS CORP. 178
• NOVARTIS PHARMACEUTICALS CORP. 178
• NOVO NORDISK 179
• NPS PHARMACEUTICALS 180
• NYCOMED INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT GMBH 180
• OSTEOLOGIX 181
• PFIZER, INC. 182
• PROXIMA CONCEPTS 182
• RADIUS HEALTH 183
• RANBAXY LABORATORIES 184
• ROCHE 184
• HOFFMANN- LA ROCHE PHARMACEUTICALS 184
• SANOFI-AVENTIS 185
• SANOFI-AVENTIS U.S. 185
• TAISHO PHARMACEUTICAL 186
• TEIJIN PHARMA, LTD. 186
• TEIJIN AMERICA, INC. 186
• TEVA PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES, LTD. 187
• TEVA PHARMACEUTICALS USA 187
• TRANSPHARMA MEDICAL, LTD. 188
• UNIGENE LABORATORIES 188
• WARNER CHILCOTT, PLC 189
• ZELOS THERAPEUTICS, INC. 190
• ZOSANO PHARMA 190

Chapter-11: NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ACTIVITY 8

• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ACTIVITY 191
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 192
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 193
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 194
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 195
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 196
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 197
• NASCENT PATENT APPLICATION ... (CONTINUED) 198