The Future of Electric Aircraft and eVTOLs

Table of Contents

• Table of Contents
• Table of Contents
• List of Figures
• Executive Summary

1. Introduction

• 1.1. The aviation market
• 1.2. The concept of electric aviation
• 1.3. Drivers behind electrification of aircraft and eVTOLs
  • 1.3.1. Reduced costs
  • 1.3.2. Regional travel market
  • 1.3.3. Emissions reductions
  • 1.3.4. Noise reductions
  • 1.3.5. Increased accessibility
  • 1.3.6. Economic development

2. Electric Aircraft and eVTOLs

• 2.1. Electric aircraft
  • 2.1.1. Retrofit
  • 2.1.2. Traditional design
  • 2.1.3. New design
  • 2.1.4. Size versus range
  • 2.1.5. Battery versus hydrogen
• 2.2. eVTOLs
  • 2.2.1. Wingless multicopter
  • 2.2.2. Fixed wing
  • 2.2.3. Tilted wing and/or propellers
• 2.3. Risk assessment regarding eVTOLs
  • 2.3.1. Certification
  • 2.3.2. Infrastructure
  • 2.3.3. Technology
  • 2.3.4. Operations
  • 2.3.5. Public awareness

3. Technology Overview

• 3.1. Batteries
• 3.2. Hydrogen
• 3.3. Airframes
• 3.4. Communications technology and autonomous flight
  • 3.4.1. Navigation and communications systems
  • 3.4.2. IoT connectivity
  • 3.4.3. A possible pathway to autonomous flights

4. Ecosystem and Regulatory Framework

• 4.1. Ecosystem
  • 4.1.1. Charging
  • 4.1.2. Battery power - challenges
  • 4.1.3. Hydrogen power - challenges
  • 4.1.4. Take off and landing infrastructure
  • 4.1.5. Airport infrastructure
  • 4.1.6. MRO
• 4.2. Regulatory framework
  • 4.2.1. Certification and standardisation
  • 4.2.2. Safety
  • 4.2.3. Airspace management
  • 4.2.4. Sustainability

5. Regional Air Mobility and Urban Air Mobility

• 5.1. Regional Air Mobility - possible market development and use cases
  • 5.1.1. How will the market evolve - different scenarios
  • 5.1.2. User experience
• 5.2. Urban Air Mobility - possible market development and use cases
  • 5.2.1. How will the market evolve - different scenarios
  • 5.2.2. User experience
• 5.3. Implications for regional and city planning
  • 5.3.1. Education
  • 5.3.2. Permits
  • 5.3.3. Short term city planning
  • 5.3.4. Long term city planning
  • 5.3.5. Regional planning
  • 5.3.6. Transport planning and integration

6. Company Profiles and Strategies

• 6.1. Aircraft
  • 6.1.1. Bye Aerospace
  • 6.1.2. Eviation
  • 6.1.3. Heart Aerospace
  • 6.1.4. MagniX
  • 6.1.5. Pipistrel
  • 6.1.6. Universal Hydrogen
  • 6.1.7. Wright Electric
  • 6.1.8. ZeroAvia
• 6.2. eVTOLs
  • 6.2.1. Archer
  • 6.2.2. Beta Technologies
  • 6.2.3. CityAirbus NextGen
  • 6.2.4. EHang
  • 6.2.5. Eve Air Mobility
  • 6.2.6. Joby Aviation
  • 6.2.7. Lilium
  • 6.2.8. Supernal
  • 6.2.9. Volocopter
  • 6.2.10. XPeng (AeroHT)
  • 6.2.11. Vertical Aerospace
  • 6.2.12. Wisk

7. Market Forecasts and Scenarios

• 7.1. Market segmentation
• 7.2. Market size
  • 7.2.1. Commercial eVTOLs
  • 7.2.2. Privately owned eVTOLs
  • 7.2.3. Electric aircraft
  • 7.2.4. The current electric eVTOL and aircraft order stock
  • 7.2.5. IoT Connectivity
• 7.3. Market value
• 7.4. Business models and use cases
• 7.5. Concluding remarks

• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: IATA strategy towards net zero
• Figure 2.1: Example of a retrofit design
• Figure 2.2: Example of a traditional design
• Figure 2.3: Example of a new design
• Figure 2.4: Linear and nodal transportation networks
• Figure 2.5: Example of wingless multicopter design
• Figure 2.6: Example of fixed wing design
• Figure 2.7: Example of tilted propeller design
• Figure 3.1: Schematic of electric propulsion concepts
• Figure 3.2: Schematic of energy efficiency for electric and fuel cell propulsion
• Figure 3.3: Potential range for battery all-electric aircraft
• Figure 4.1: The ecosystem of advanced air mobility
• Figure 4.2: Examples of vertiport designs
• Figure 4.3: Commercial certification of electric aircraft (forecast)
• Figure 4.4: Commercial certification of piloted eVTOL (forecast)
• Figure 4.5: Sensor technologies to be used by eVTOLs
• Figure 4.6: eVTOL Control Centre
• Figure 5.1: Potential market for different vehicles
• Figure 5.2: Example of range and use cases for regional air mobility
• Figure 5.3: Commercial implementation steps
• Figure 5.4: Examples of potential eVTOL use cases
• Figure 6.1: Number of global eVTOL projects
• Figure 6.2: eFlyer 800 specifications
• Figure 6.3: Eviation Alice specifications
• Figure 6.4: Heart ES-30 specifications
• Figure 6.5: Magni 350 EPU and Magni 650 EPU specifications
• Figure 6.6: Pipistrel Velis Electro specifications
• Figure 6.7: Roadmap regarding drivetrain
• Figure 6.8: Archer eVTOL vehicle specifications
• Figure 6.9: Beta Alia specifications
• Figure 6.10: CityAirbus NextGen specifications
• Figure 6.11: EH216 and VT-30 specifications
• Figure 6.12: Eve eVTOL vehicle specifications
• Figure 6.13: Joby S4 specifications
• Figure 6.14: Lilium Jet specifications
• Figure 6.15: S-A1 specifications
• Figure 6.16: VoloCity and VoloConnect specifications
• Figure 6.17: X2 specifications
• Figure 6.18: VX4 specifications
• Figure 6.19: Wisk eVTOL vehicle specifications
• Figure 7.1: Passenger aircraft timeline
• Figure 7.2: eVTOL timeline
• Figure 7.3: Shipments of eVTOLs (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.4: Shipments of privately owned eVTOLs (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.5: Shipments of electric aircraft (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.6: Connected vehicles in commercial and private use (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.7: Commercial eVTOL market value (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.8: Private eVTOL market value (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.9: Electric aircraft market value (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.10: Electric aircraft market value (2021-2050)
• Figure 7.11: Use case: eVTOL vertiport in a small city
• Figure 7.12: Use case: eVTOL vertiport in a dense urban area
• Figure 7.13: Use case: Regional airport/airfield - an initial scenario