Smart Cities: Connected Public Spaces - 4th Edition

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Figures

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

• 1.1 The global trend of urbanisation
• 1.2 Smart cities and connected public spaces
  • 1.2.1 Smart city architecture
  • 1.2.2 The management of public spaces
• 1.3 IoT network technologies
  • 1.3.1 Network architectures
  • 1.3.2 Unlicensed and licensed frequency bands
  • 1.3.3 The role of wired and wireless networks for connected public spaces
• 1.4 Wireless IoT communications technologies
  • 1.4.1 3GPP cellular technologies
  • 1.4.2 3GPP-based LPWA
  • 1.4.3 Non 3GPP-based LPWA
  • 1.4.4 Other RF & IEEE 802.15.4

2 Smart Street Lighting

• 2.1 The transition to LED and adaptive lighting
• 2.2 Smart street lighting
  • 2.2.1 Smart street lighting infrastructure
• 2.3 Market analysis
  • 2.3.1 Market forecasts
  • 2.3.2 Industry analysis
  • 2.3.3 Smart lighting vendors' bet on the broader smart cities market
  • 2.3.4 Software innovation is key for competitiveness
  • 2.3.5 Additional market developments and observations
• 2.4 Company profiles
  • 2.4.1 Acuity Brands
  • 2.4.2 CityLight.net
  • 2.4.3 CityLinx
  • 2.4.4 Dimonoff
  • 2.4.5 Dhyan
  • 2.4.6 eSave
  • 2.4.7 Flashnet (Lucy Group)
  • 2.4.8 Fonda Technology
  • 2.4.9 Itron
  • 2.4.10 LACROIX
  • 2.4.11 LED Roadway Lighting
  • 2.4.12 Lucy Zodion (Lucy Group)
  • 2.4.13 M2M Telemetria
  • 2.4.14 Quantela
  • 2.4.15 Revetec
  • 2.4.16 Rongwen Energy Technology Group
  • 2.4.17 Schreder
  • 2.4.18 Signify
  • 2.4.19 ST Engineering Telematics Wireless
  • 2.4.20 TVILIGHT
  • 2.4.21 TerraGo
  • 2.4.22 Ubicquia
  • 2.4.23 Umpi
  • 2.4.24 Domestic Chinese vendors

3 Smart Parking

• 3.1 Urban traffic and parking
  • 3.1.1 Passenger cars in use by region
  • 3.1.2 Traffic congestion and parking inefficiencies
  • 3.1.3 Types of parking and asset ownership
• 3.2 Smart parking
  • 3.2.1 Smart parking infrastructure
• 3.3 Parking space occupancy monitoring
  • 3.3.1 Global occupancy level monitoring
  • 3.3.2 Single space occupancy detection
• 3.4 Market analysis
  • 3.4.1 Market forecasts
  • 3.4.2 Industry analysis
  • 3.4.3 The threat from camera-based solutions looms large
  • 3.4.4 Market consolidation predicted in the near-to-mid term
  • 3.4.5 Additional market developments and observations
• 3.5 Company profiles
  • 3.5.1 CivicSmart
  • 3.5.2 CommuniThings
  • 3.5.3 eleven-x
  • 3.5.4 Fangle Technology
  • 3.5.5 Fleximodo (GOSPACE LABS)
  • 3.5.6 Frogparking (Towne Park)
  • 3.5.7 Fybr
  • 3.5.8 Intelliport
  • 3.5.9 IoT Solutions Malta
  • 3.5.10 MinebeaMitsumi & Paradox Engineering
  • 3.5.11 Movebroad Technology
  • 3.5.12 Nedap
  • 3.5.13 Nietzsche Enterprise (NHR)
  • 3.5.14 Nwave Technologies
  • 3.5.15 ParkHelp Technologies
  • 3.5.16 PNI
  • 3.5.17 SICK Mobilisis
  • 3.5.18 Smart City System
  • 3.5.19 Smart Parking
  • 3.5.20 Smart Parking Systems (City Green Light)
  • 3.5.21 Urbiotica

4 Smart Waste Collection

• 4.1 Global waste generation and management
• 4.2 Smart waste sensors
  • 4.2.1 Smart waste collection infrastructure
• 4.3 Market analysis
  • 4.3.1 Market forecasts
  • 4.3.2 Industry analysis
  • 4.3.3 US waste and recycling service providers lead smart sensor adoption
  • 4.3.4 Sensor manufacturers are moving to more holistic offerings
  • 4.3.5 Additional market developments and observations
• 4.4 Company profiles
  • 4.4.1 BH Technologies
  • 4.4.2 Bigbelly
  • 4.4.3 Dingtek Technology
  • 4.4.4 Ecube Labs
  • 4.4.5 EMZ-Environmental Technology
  • 4.4.6 Enevo
  • 4.4.7 Evreka
  • 4.4.8 KS Technologies
  • 4.4.9 Milesight
  • 4.4.10 Mr. Fill
  • 4.4.11 Nordsense
  • 4.4.12 REEN
  • 4.4.13 RoadRunner
  • 4.4.14 Recycle Track Systems
  • 4.4.15 Sayme
  • 4.4.16 Sensoneo
  • 4.4.17 Sigrenea (SUEZ)
  • 4.4.18 SLOC
  • 4.4.19 SmartEnds
  • 4.4.20 Superfy
  • 4.4.21 TST Sistemas
  • 4.4.22 Waste Digital
  • 4.4.23 Waste Vision
  • 4.4.24 Waste Harmonics Keter
  • 4.4.25 Zolitron

5 Urban Air Quality Monitoring

• 5.1 Ambient air pollution
  • 5.1.1 Types of ambient air pollution
  • 5.1.2 The measurement and communication of ambient air quality
• 5.2 Ambient air quality monitoring technologies
  • 5.2.1 Ambient air quality monitoring applications
• 5.3 Ambient air quality monitoring in smart cities
• 5.4 Market analysis
  • 5.4.1 Market forecasts
  • 5.4.2 Industry analysis
  • 5.4.3 Important advancements in quality assurance are underway
  • 5.4.4 Evolving business models for the low-cost air quality monitoring market
  • 5.4.5 Additional market developments and observations
• 5.5 Company profiles
  • 5.5.1 Aclima
  • 5.5.2 Aeroqual
  • 5.5.3 Airly
  • 5.5.4 Aurassure
  • 5.5.5 Bettair Cities
  • 5.5.6 Breeze Technologies
  • 5.5.7 Clarity Movement
  • 5.5.8 EarthSense Systems
  • 5.5.9 Ecomesure
  • 5.5.10 eLichens
  • 5.5.11 Enginko
  • 5.5.12 Envea
  • 5.5.13 Environmental Instruments
  • 5.5.14 Kunak Technologies
  • 5.5.15 Libelium
  • 5.5.16 Lunar Outpost
  • 5.5.17 MagnaSCI
  • 5.5.18 Met One Instruments (Acoem)
  • 5.5.19 Oizom
  • 5.5.20 Palas
  • 5.5.21 PurpleAir
  • 5.5.22 Sailhero Environmental Protection High-Tech
  • 5.5.23 Sensorbee
  • 5.5.24 TELLUS
  • 5.5.25 Vaisala
  • 5.5.26 Vortex

6 Smart City Surveillance

• 6.1 Issues of public safety
  • 6.1.1 Criminal activities and terrorist threats
• 6.2 Smart City Surveillance
  • 6.2.1 Fixed video surveillance infrastructure
  • 6.2.2 Body-worn cameras (BWCs) for law enforcement
  • 6.2.3 Gunshot detection and localisation system
• 6.3 Market analysis
  • 6.3.1 Market forecasts
  • 6.3.2 Industry analysis
  • 6.3.3 Western vendors turn to new strategies to mitigate the Chinese AI advantage
  • 6.3.4 Hybrid and cloud-based solutions are picking up speed
  • 6.3.5 The impact of 5G technology on networked surveillance
• 6.4 Company profiles
  • 6.4.1 Axis Communications (Canon)
  • 6.4.2 Dahua Technology
  • 6.4.3 Hanwha Vision
  • 6.4.4 Hikvision
  • 6.4.5 Honeywell
  • 6.4.6 Infinova
  • 6.4.7 Motorola Solutions
  • 6.4.8 IDIS
  • 6.4.9 i-PRO
  • 6.4.10 Tiandy Technologies
  • 6.4.11 Uniview Technologies
  • 6.4.12 Vivotek
  • 6.4.13 Axon
  • 6.4.14 Flock Safety
  • 6.4.15 Coreforce
  • 6.4.16 Digital Ally
  • 6.4.17 Shenzhen Jingyi (Pe)
  • 6.4.18 Reveal Media
  • 6.4.19 WCCTV
  • 6.4.20 Zepcam
  • 6.4.21 SoundThinking
• List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Urban population, % of total (World 1960-2025)
• Figure 1.2: Countries with the largest number of major cities (World 2018)
• Figure 1.3: Unlicensed and reserved radio frequencies available for wireless IoT
• Figure 1.4: Sigfox network operators by country
• Figure 2.1: Dimmable luminaire with external LCU
• Figure 2.2: Smart street lighting LCU shipments and installed base (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 2.3: Installed base by communications technology (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 2.4: Top-10 smart street lighting LCU vendors (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 2.5: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 2.6: C-Node Zhaga IoT
• Figure 2.7: Dimonoff communications infrastructure
• Figure 2.8: Flashnet inteliLIGHT Zhaga and NEMA socket LCUs
• Figure 2.9: Fonda Technology LCU shipments by region (2024)
• Figure 2.10: Overview of the CityEdge portfolio
• Figure 2.11: LED Roadway Lighting Tool-less Sensor Platform
• Figure 2.12: Schreder Mesh & Datalift nodes
• Figure 2.13: SHUFFLE Mobility
• Figure 2.14: The functionalities of Interact City
• Figure 2.15: Signify's outdoor multi-sensor
• Figure 2.16: UNB Control Node
• Figure 2.17: TerraGo product architecture
• Figure 2.18: UbiMetro
• Figure 3.1: Car parc by region (World 2017-2023)
• Figure 3.2: Passenger car density per 1,000 inhabitants (EU27+EFTA+UK 2023)
• Figure 3.3: Time lost in traffic congestion per capita (World 2024)
• Figure 3.4: In-ground and surface-mount parking occupancy detection sensors
• Figure 3.5: Smart ground parking sensor comparison
• Figure 3.6: Smart parking sensor shipments and installed base (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 3.7: Installed base by communications technology (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 3.8: Top-10 smart ground parking sensor vendors (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 3.9: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 3.10: eleven-x surface-mount and in-ground sensors
• Figure 3.11: Fybr Parking Sensor III & Parking Genius guidance & payment app
• Figure 3.12: Movebroad NB-IoT dual magnetic+radar parking sensor
• Figure 3.13: Nedap SENSIT surface- and flush-mount sensors
• Figure 3.14: PNI PlacePod in-ground and surface-mount sensors
• Figure 3.15: Smart City System surface-mount sensor
• Figure 4.1: Global waste generation statistics (2021)
• Figure 4.2: Examples of smart waste sensors
• Figure 4.3: Ecube Labs' waste management software CleanCityNetworks
• Figure 4.4: Smart waste sensor shipments and installed base (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 4.5: Smart waste sensors by communications technology (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 4.6: Top-10 smart waste sensor technology vendors (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 4.7: Vendor market shares (World excluding China 2024)
• Figure 4.8: Bigbelly Smart compacting bin
• Figure 4.9: CleanFLEX fill-level sensor and CleanCUBE smart bins
• Figure 4.10: Enevo's smart fill-level sensor
• Figure 4.11: Mr. Fill's smart waste solutions
• Figure 4.12: REEN's smart fill-level sensor
• Figure 4.13: RoadRunner Smart Camera
• Figure 4.14: Pello Smart Camera and Pello Dashboard
• Figure 4.15: Sensoneo analytics dashboard
• Figure 4.16: SLOC Series 300 Waste Bin sensor
• Figure 4.17: S200 Smart Compactors, Superfy Pro sensor & vape/battery containers
• Figure 4.18: OCCO camera sensor
• Figure 4.19: iWaste fill-level sensor
• Figure 5.1: Global ranking of risk factors by total number of attributable deaths (2023)
• Figure 5.2: Most PM2.5-polluted capitals (World 2024)
• Figure 5.3: Share of regional cities which meet WHO PM2.5 guideline levels (2024)
• Figure 5.4: Examples of commercial and consumer air quality monitoring devices
• Figure 5.5: Air quality sensor device shipments and installed base (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 5.6: Air quality sensor devices by communication technology (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 5.7: List of major ambient air quality monitoring solution providers
• Figure 5.8: Recent market entrants, low-cost air quality monitoring
• Figure 5.9: Performance classes from CEN/TS 17660-1 & 17660-2
• Figure 5.10: Aeroqual AQY-R sensor
• Figure 5.11: Airly Aura and Airly Pure sensors
• Figure 5.12: Bettair Node
• Figure 5.13: Breeze Technologies outdoor sensor & Environmental Intelligence Cloud
• Figure 5.14: Clarity Node-S
• Figure 5.15: Ecomsmart 2 sensor
• Figure 5.16: P2M50 EmiVolta sensors & eMETS emission platform
• Figure 5.17: The Cairnet mini-station for air quality monitoring
• Figure 5.18: AQMesh pod
• Figure 5.19: Kunak AIR Pro
• Figure 5.20: Libelium's SmartSpot and air quality station device
• Figure 5.21: The PurpleAir Classic sensor
• Figure 5.22: Vaisala's AQT air quality monitor
• Figure 5.23: VTX Air sensor
• Figure 6.1: Crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants (US & EU 2023)
• Figure 6.2: Number of deaths from terrorism (World 1995-2022)
• Figure 6.3: Common network surveillance camera types
• Figure 6.4: Body-worn camera with integrated cellular connectivity
• Figure 6.5: Urban gunshot detection sensor system
• Figure 6.6: Smart city surveillance equipment value forecast (World 2024-2029)
• Figure 6.7: Smart city surveillance vendor data (World FY2024)
• Figure 6.8: Mergers and acquisitions among video surveillance vendors
• Figure 6.9: Dahua multi-sensor panoramic/PTZ + AI bullet network cameras
• Figure 6.10: Wisenet SSM video management software
• Figure 6.11: Hikvision AI Cloud
• Figure 6.12: Avigilon H4 Multisensor camera with self-learning video analytics
• Figure 6.13: Axon Body 4
• Figure 6.14: Overview of Axon's AI-features
• Figure 6.15: Flock Safety audio/gunshot detection sensor
• Figure 6.16: BODYWORN cameras
• Figure 6.17: Reveal Media K7