Global Pain Management Drugs Market Size Study and Forecast by Drug Class, by Pain Type, by Drug Type, by Disease Indication, by Route of Administration, by Age Group, by Type, by Distribution Channel, and Regional Forecasts 2026-2036

Global Pain Management Drugs Market Definition & Scope

The Global Pain Management Drugs Market, valued at USD 74.00 billion in 2025, is projected to reach USD 130.74 billion by 2036, expanding at a CAGR of 5.3% during 2026-2036. Pain management drugs are pharmaceutical products designed to relieve, reduce, or control acute and chronic pain resulting from various medical conditions, injuries, surgeries, neurological disorders, musculoskeletal diseases, and cancer. The range of these medications includes opioids, NSAIDs, local anesthetics, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, anti-migraine therapies, muscle relaxants, and other analgesic agents. The market is experiencing steady growth, driven by the rising prevalence of chronic pain disorders, an aging population, a growing incidence of arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders, and an increasing demand for effective post-operative pain management. In addition, advances in non-opioid pain therapies, personalized medicine, and novel drug delivery technologies are contributing to market growth. Increased awareness of pain management, rising healthcare expenditure, and growing access to pharmaceutical treatments in developing economies are expected to further drive demand. The industry is also experiencing a progressive shift towards safer, non-addictive analgesic therapies, driven by concerns over opioid misuse and dependency

Global Pain Management Drugs Market: Key Highlights

• The Global Pain Management Drugs Market was valued at USD 74.00 billion in 2025, primarily driven by the rising prevalence of chronic pain disorders, musculoskeletal conditions, and age-related diseases.
• The market is projected to reach USD 130.74 billion by 2036, growing at a CAGR of 5.3% during 2026-2036, propelled by increasing demand for multimodal pain therapies and advancements in non-opioid pain management solutions.
• North America leads the global market, supported by advanced healthcare infrastructure, high healthcare expenditure, and broad access to prescription pain medications.
• NSAIDs dominate the drug class segment because of their proven effectiveness in managing pain and inflammation, favorable safety profile for short-term use, and widespread clinical adoption.
• Chronic Pain leads the pain type segment owing to the growing incidence of arthritis, neuropathic disorders, lower back pain, and other long-term pain conditions requiring continuous treatment.
• Prescription drugs dominate the drug type segment because of their extensive use in managing moderate-to-severe pain under physician supervision and regulatory oversight.
• Drug Stores & Retail Pharmacies lead the distribution channel segment, supported by their extensive geographic reach, convenient access to prescription medications, and established role in outpatient pharmaceutical dispensing.
  • Research Scope & Methodology

The report provides a comprehensive analysis of the global pain management drugs market, evaluating the industry's current landscape, emerging opportunities, competitive environment, and long-term growth potential. The market is segmented by drug class, pain type, drug type, disease indication, route of administration, age group, type, and distribution channel, enabling a detailed assessment of prescribing patterns, treatment preferences, and demand across diverse patient populations and healthcare settings. The study examines key market trends, including the growing prevalence of chronic pain disorders, advancements in non-opioid therapeutics, increasing adoption of personalized pain management, development of novel drug delivery technologies, and evolving multimodal pain treatment approaches. It also analyzes the impact of regulatory developments, opioid stewardship initiatives, clinical guidelines, reimbursement policies, pharmaceutical innovation, and expanding access to pain management therapies on market growth. Furthermore, the report provides an in-depth evaluation of the competitive landscape, covering product portfolios, pipeline drugs, strategic collaborations, mergers and acquisitions, licensing agreements, regulatory approvals, and regional demand trends across North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, and LAMEA.

The research methodology combines extensive primary and secondary research to generate accurate and reliable market estimates. Primary research includes interviews with pharmaceutical manufacturers, healthcare professionals, pain specialists, hospital administrators, pharmacists, researchers, and industry experts to validate market trends, prescribing practices, treatment adoption, pricing dynamics, and future growth prospects. Secondary research incorporates pharmaceutical databases, peer-reviewed clinical studies, healthcare reports, company annual reports, investor presentations, regulatory documents, scientific publications, government health statistics, and industry journals. Market sizing is conducted using a top-down analysis of global pharmaceutical expenditure and a bottom-up revenue modeling approach across therapeutic drug categories and regional markets. Market forecasts are developed by evaluating disease prevalence trends, aging populations, healthcare expenditure growth, regulatory approvals, pipeline drug development, treatment adoption rates, reimbursement scenarios, and advancements in pain management therapies. Multiple stages of data triangulation, statistical validation, and expert review are employed to ensure the accuracy, consistency, and reliability of the market estimates and long-term forecasts.

Key Market Segments

By Drug Class:

Opioids

Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs)

Local Anesthetics

Anticonvulsants

Antidepressants

Anti-migraine Drugs

Non-opioid/Non-narcotic Analgesics

Muscle Relaxants

Others

By Pain Type:

Acute Pain

Chronic Pain

By Drug Type:

Prescription

OTC

By Disease Indication:

Neuropathic Pain

Cancer Pain

Post-operative Pain

Arthritis Pain

Chronic Back Pain

Migraine

Fibromyalgia

Others

By Route of Administration:

Oral

Injectable/Parenteral

Transdermal

Topical

Others

By Age Group:

Pediatric

Adults

By Type:

Branded

Generic

By Distribution Channel:

Hospital Pharmacies

Drug Stores & Retail Pharmacies

Online Pharmacies

Key Market Players

Abbott Laboratories

Baxter International Inc.

Becton, Dickinson and Company

• Endo International plc

Fresenius SE & Co. KGaA

Hikma Pharmaceuticals

Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical

Insulet Corporation

• Johnson & Johnson (DePuy Synthes, Ethicon)

Medtronic plc

• Industry Trends
• The global pain management drugs market is undergoing significant transformation as the demand for safer, more effective, and personalized pain therapies continues to rise. The increasing prevalence of chronic pain disorders, aging populations, rising surgical procedures, and growing awareness of comprehensive pain management are driving continuous innovation across pharmaceutical therapies.
• Demand for non-opioid pain management drugs is increasing as healthcare providers seek safer alternatives to opioid-based treatments amid growing concerns over addiction, misuse, and regulatory restrictions. Pharmaceutical companies are expanding research efforts to develop effective analgesics with improved safety profiles and lower dependency risks.
• Pharmaceutical innovation is accelerating through the development of targeted therapies for neuropathic pain, migraine, osteoarthritis, cancer pain, and chronic musculoskeletal disorders. Advances in molecular research, precision medicine, and disease-specific treatments are enabling more effective pain management while minimizing adverse effects.
• Extended-release and long-acting formulations are gaining widespread adoption due to their ability to provide sustained pain relief, reduce dosing frequency, improve patient adherence, and enhance treatment outcomes for patients with chronic pain conditions.
• Biologics and drugs with novel mechanisms of action are emerging as promising therapeutic options for chronic inflammatory diseases and complex pain conditions. Continued investment in biologic therapies and innovative analgesic molecules is expanding treatment options beyond conventional pain medications.
• Digital health technologies are increasingly supporting personalized pain management. Remote patient monitoring, digital therapeutics, mobile health applications, wearable devices, and AI-enabled clinical decision support systems are helping healthcare providers monitor treatment response, optimize medication regimens, and improve patient outcomes.
• Transdermal patches, topical formulations, and advanced drug delivery systems are gaining significant traction due to their ability to reduce systemic side effects, improve localized pain control, enhance patient convenience, and increase treatment compliance.
• The availability and adoption of generic pain medications continue to increase, driven by their affordability, wider accessibility, and expanding patent expirations. Generic products are improving access to pain management therapies while helping healthcare systems reduce pharmaceutical expenditures.
• Online pharmacy channels are witnessing rapid growth as digital healthcare adoption, e-prescriptions, telemedicine services, and home delivery solutions continue to reshape pharmaceutical distribution. Consumers increasingly prefer convenient, digitally enabled medication purchasing experiences for chronic pain management.
• Personalized medicine is emerging as a key industry trend, with healthcare providers increasingly tailoring pain management strategies based on patient characteristics, genetic profiles, disease severity, and treatment response. This approach is expected to improve therapeutic outcomes while minimizing adverse reactions.
• Regulatory agencies and healthcare organizations continue to strengthen guidelines promoting responsible opioid prescribing, pharmacovigilance, and multimodal pain management approaches. These initiatives are encouraging broader adoption of safer analgesic therapies and evidence-based treatment protocols.
• Future growth of the global pain management drugs market will be driven by continued non-opioid drug innovation, personalized medicine, biologic therapies, advanced drug delivery technologies, digital health integration, and the increasing global prevalence of chronic pain disorders, creating substantial opportunities for pharmaceutical manufacturers and healthcare providers.
  • Market Determinants
• Rising Prevalence of Chronic Pain Disorders: The increasing incidence of arthritis, chronic back pain, neuropathic pain, migraine, fibromyalgia, and cancer-related pain is significantly driving demand for pain management medications globally.
• Growing Geriatric Population: Aging populations are more susceptible to chronic pain conditions and degenerative diseases, increasing the need for long-term pain management therapies.
• Increasing Surgical Procedures Worldwide: The growing number of surgical interventions is fueling demand for post-operative pain management drugs across hospitals and healthcare facilities.
• Advancements in Non-Opioid Therapeutics: Pharmaceutical companies are investing heavily in safer alternatives to opioids, creating new treatment options and expanding market opportunities.
• Regulatory Restrictions on Opioid Usage: Stringent regulations aimed at addressing opioid misuse and addiction can limit the growth of opioid-based pain medications and affect overall prescribing practices.
• Adverse Effects and Safety Concerns: Long-term use of certain pain medications may lead to side effects, dependency risks, gastrointestinal complications, or cardiovascular concerns, potentially impacting treatment adoption.

Opportunity Mapping Based on Market Trends

• Development of Non-Addictive Pain Therapies: Growing demand for safer pain management solutions presents significant opportunities for pharmaceutical companies developing non-opioid and non-addictive analgesics.
• Expansion in Emerging Healthcare Markets: Improving healthcare infrastructure, rising healthcare expenditures, and increasing access to pain treatment options create substantial growth opportunities across emerging economies.
• Advanced Drug Delivery Systems: Innovations in transdermal patches, topical formulations, sustained-release technologies, and targeted delivery systems offer attractive opportunities for market participants.
• Personalized Pain Management Solutions: Advances in precision medicine and biomarker-based treatment approaches are creating opportunities for more individualized and effective pain management therapies.
  • Value-Creating Segments and Growth Pockets

NSAIDs lead the drug class segment through broad use in musculoskeletal and arthritis pain management.

NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) are expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 27.6% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by their widespread use in the treatment of musculoskeletal disorders, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative pain, and other acute pain conditions. NSAIDs remain a first-line therapy due to their proven efficacy in reducing pain and inflammation, broad availability in both prescription and over-the-counter formulations, and relatively lower treatment costs. Their extensive use across hospitals, clinics, and home healthcare settings further reinforces the segment's dominant position.

Non-opioid/Non-narcotic Analgesics are projected to register the fastest CAGR of 6.8% during 2026-2036, fueled by the growing demand for safer alternatives to opioid therapies. Increasing concerns regarding opioid dependence, addiction, misuse, and stringent prescribing regulations are accelerating the adoption of non-opioid pain management medications. Continuous pharmaceutical innovation, the development of novel analgesic mechanisms, expanding clinical applications for chronic pain management, and increasing emphasis on multimodal pain treatment strategies are expected to further drive the growth of the non-opioid/non-narcotic analgesics segment throughout the forecast period.

Chronic pain dominates the pain type segment through the rising global burden of long-term pain conditions.

Chronic Pain is expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 63.4% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by the rising global burden of long-term pain conditions associated with osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, lower back pain, neuropathic disorders, fibromyalgia, and cancer-related pain. The growing aging population, increasing prevalence of lifestyle-related diseases, and higher incidence of chronic musculoskeletal and neurological disorders continue to fuel sustained demand for long-term pain management therapies. Additionally, continuous advancements in non-opioid medications, biologics, and personalized pain management approaches further support the segment's dominance.

Chronic Pain is also projected to register the fastest growth during the forecast period of 2026-2036, owing to the increasing prevalence of age-related and lifestyle-associated disorders worldwide. Rising healthcare awareness, improved diagnosis rates, expanding access to pain management therapies, and the growing adoption of multimodal treatment strategies are expected to accelerate market growth. Furthermore, ongoing pharmaceutical innovation in targeted therapies, extended-release formulations, and safer non-opioid analgesics is anticipated to strengthen the chronic pain segment throughout the forecast period.

Prescription drugs lead the drug type segment through physician-guided treatment of moderate-to-severe pain.

Prescription Drugs are expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 71.2% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by physician-supervised treatment of moderate-to-severe pain associated with chronic diseases, postoperative recovery, cancer, neuropathic disorders, and inflammatory conditions. Prescription medications, including opioids, anticonvulsants, antidepressants, corticosteroids, and advanced non-opioid therapies, are widely used for complex pain conditions requiring individualized treatment and clinical monitoring. The growing prevalence of chronic pain disorders, increasing surgical procedures, and the availability of innovative prescription therapies continue to reinforce the segment's dominant position.

Over-the-Counter (OTC) Drugs are projected to witness steady growth during the forecast period, supported by the increasing consumer preference for self-managed pain relief solutions. Rising awareness of self-care, easy accessibility through retail pharmacies and online channels, and the widespread availability of non-prescription analgesics such as NSAIDs and acetaminophen are driving market expansion. Additionally, growing demand for convenient, affordable pain management options for headaches, muscle pain, minor injuries, and other acute pain conditions is expected to support the continued growth of the OTC drugs segment throughout the forecast period.

Arthritis pain drives the disease indication segment through the high prevalence of degenerative joint disorders.

Arthritis Pain is expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 24.8% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by the high global prevalence of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, particularly among the aging population. Increasing life expectancy, rising obesity rates, and the growing incidence of degenerative joint disorders are contributing to sustained demand for effective pain management therapies. NSAIDs, corticosteroids, biologics, and non-opioid analgesics remain widely prescribed to manage arthritis-related pain and inflammation, while ongoing advances in targeted therapies continue to improve treatment outcomes.

Neuropathic Pain is projected to register the fastest CAGR of 6.7% during 2026-2036, fueled by the rising incidence of diabetes-related nerve disorders, peripheral neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, spinal cord injuries, and other neurological conditions. The growing global burden of diabetes, increasing awareness of neuropathic pain diagnosis, and expanding availability of specialized treatment options such as anticonvulsants, antidepressants, and novel non-opioid therapies are accelerating segment growth. Furthermore, continued pharmaceutical innovation and the development of targeted therapies for chronic nerve pain are expected to drive strong demand throughout the forecast period.

Oral administration dominates the route segment through convenience and widespread patient preference.

Oral administration is expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 58.5% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by its convenience, ease of administration, broad product availability, and high patient acceptance. Oral formulations, including tablets, capsules, and liquids, are widely prescribed for the management of acute and chronic pain associated with arthritis, musculoskeletal disorders, neuropathic conditions, and postoperative recovery. Their cost-effectiveness, extensive distribution through retail and hospital pharmacies, and availability in both prescription and over-the-counter forms further reinforce the dominance of the oral route of administration.

Transdermal delivery is projected to witness the fastest growth during the forecast period, owing to its ability to provide controlled and sustained drug release while improving patient compliance. Transdermal patches offer several clinical advantages, including reduced dosing frequency, minimized gastrointestinal side effects, avoidance of first-pass metabolism, and consistent therapeutic drug levels. Increasing adoption for chronic pain management, growing demand for non-invasive drug delivery systems, and continued innovation in transdermal drug technologies are expected to drive strong growth of this segment throughout the forecast period.

Adults lead the age group segment through the high incidence of chronic and acute pain conditions.

Adults are expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 84.3% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by the high prevalence of both acute and chronic pain conditions among the adult population. Musculoskeletal disorders, arthritis, lower back pain, migraine, postoperative pain, sports injuries, cancer-related pain, and neuropathic disorders contribute significantly to the demand for pain management therapies in this age group. Additionally, increasing workplace stress, sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and lifestyle-related diseases are further elevating the incidence of pain conditions requiring long-term pharmacological treatment. The availability of a broad range of prescription and over-the-counter analgesics, coupled with growing awareness of pain management, continues to support the segment's dominant position.

Geriatric patients are expected to witness significant growth during the forecast period, driven by the rapidly aging global population and the increasing prevalence of age-related conditions such as osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, spinal disorders, and chronic musculoskeletal diseases. Rising healthcare utilization, improved access to pain management therapies, and the growing adoption of personalized, non-opioid, and multimodal treatment approaches are expected to further accelerate demand for pain management drugs among older adults throughout the forecast period.

Generic drugs strengthen the type segment through affordability and broad market accessibility.

Generic Drugs account for a significant share of the global market, driven by their affordability, widespread availability, and increasing emphasis on healthcare cost containment. The expiration of patents for several branded pain medications has accelerated the adoption of generic alternatives across both developed and emerging markets. Healthcare providers, insurers, and government healthcare systems increasingly favor generic drugs due to their comparable therapeutic efficacy, lower treatment costs, and ability to improve patient access to pain management therapies. Additionally, growing competition among generic manufacturers, supportive regulatory policies promoting generic substitution, and rising demand for cost-effective treatment options continue to strengthen the segment's position in the global pain management drugs market.

Drug stores and retail pharmacies dominate distribution through extensive accessibility and consumer preference.

Drug Stores & Retail Pharmacies are expected to dominate the market, accounting for an estimated 47.1% share in 2025. The segment's leadership is driven by extensive accessibility, widespread geographic presence, and strong consumer preference for purchasing both prescription and over-the-counter pain medications through retail outlets. Retail pharmacies offer immediate product availability, professional pharmacist consultation, and convenient access to a broad range of analgesics, anti-inflammatory drugs, and supportive therapies. Their well-established distribution networks and strong integration with healthcare systems continue to reinforce their leading position in the global pain management drugs market.

Online Pharmacies are projected to register the fastest growth during the forecast period, fueled by the rapid adoption of digital healthcare services and the continued expansion of e-commerce. Increasing utilization of e-prescriptions, telemedicine platforms, home delivery services, and mobile healthcare applications is encouraging consumers to purchase pain management medications online. Competitive pricing, greater product availability, enhanced convenience, and improved access for patients with chronic conditions or limited mobility are further driving the growth of online pharmacy channels. Additionally, ongoing digital transformation across the healthcare sector and increasing consumer acceptance of online pharmaceutical services are expected to accelerate the expansion of this segment throughout the forecast period.

• Regional Market Assessment

North America leads the pain management drugs market through advanced healthcare infrastructure and pharmaceutical innovation.

North America is expected to dominate the global pain management drugs market, accounting for an estimated 39.5% share in 2025. The region's leadership is driven by high healthcare expenditure, a strong pharmaceutical industry, increasing prevalence of chronic pain disorders, and advanced healthcare infrastructure. Rising incidences of arthritis, cancer, musculoskeletal disorders, neuropathic pain, and postoperative pain continue to generate substantial demand for effective pain management therapies. The presence of leading pharmaceutical companies, robust investment in research and development, and continuous innovation in non-opioid analgesics, biologics, and advanced drug delivery systems further support market growth. Additionally, favorable reimbursement frameworks, widespread access to prescription medications, increasing adoption of personalized pain management approaches, and the growing integration of digital health technologies reinforce North America's position as the largest regional market for pain management drugs.

Europe strengthens market demand through aging populations and widespread adoption of advanced pain therapies.

Europe represents a significant market for the global pain management drugs market, driven by its aging population, increasing prevalence of chronic pain conditions, well-established healthcare systems, and growing adoption of advanced pain management therapies. Rising incidences of osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, cancer-related pain, neuropathic disorders, and musculoskeletal diseases are contributing to sustained demand for effective analgesic treatments across the region. Healthcare providers are increasingly adopting non-opioid therapies, biologics, extended-release formulations, and multimodal pain management approaches to improve patient outcomes while minimizing opioid dependence. Additionally, strong pharmaceutical research and development, supportive reimbursement policies, stringent regulatory standards, and increasing investments in innovative pain therapeutics continue to strengthen Europe's position as a key regional market for pain management drugs.

Asia Pacific records the fastest growth through expanding healthcare access and rising pain management awareness.

Asia Pacific is projected to witness the fastest growth in the global pain management drugs market during the forecast period. The region's expansion is driven by increasing healthcare investments, improving access to medical treatment, rising awareness of pain management, and the rapid growth of pharmaceutical markets across emerging economies. Countries such as China, India, Japan, South Korea, and Australia are experiencing a growing burden of chronic diseases, aging populations, musculoskeletal disorders, diabetes-related neuropathic conditions, and cancer, leading to higher demand for effective pain management therapies. Additionally, expanding healthcare infrastructure, favorable government healthcare initiatives, increasing availability of generic medicines, and rising adoption of advanced pain management treatments are accelerating market growth. Continuous investments in pharmaceutical manufacturing, research and development, and improved distribution networks are expected to further strengthen Asia Pacific's position as the fastest-growing regional market for pain management drugs throughout the forecast period.

LAMEA advances market expansion through improving healthcare infrastructure and greater pharmaceutical accessibility.

LAMEA is projected to witness steady growth in the global pain management drugs market, driven by ongoing improvements in healthcare infrastructure, expanding access to pharmaceutical products, and the rising prevalence of chronic diseases across the region. Increasing incidences of arthritis, cancer, diabetes-related neuropathy, musculoskeletal disorders, and other chronic pain conditions are generating sustained demand for effective pain management therapies. Governments and private healthcare providers are investing in healthcare modernization, expanding pharmaceutical distribution networks, and improving access to essential medicines, particularly in underserved areas. Additionally, growing healthcare expenditure, increasing availability of generic drugs, rising awareness of pain management, and the gradual adoption of advanced treatment options are expected to create significant growth opportunities for the pain management drugs market across Latin America, the Middle East, and Africa throughout the forecast period.

• Recent Developments
• June 2025: Pfizer Inc. expanded its pain management portfolio through continued development of non-opioid therapeutic solutions targeting chronic pain conditions.
• April 2025: Eli Lilly and Company advanced research programs focused on innovative therapies for neuropathic and chronic pain management.
• November 2024: AbbVie Inc. strengthened its neuroscience and pain management pipeline through strategic clinical development initiatives.
• August 2024: Johnson & Johnson expanded its consumer and prescription pain relief product portfolio with enhanced patient-focused formulations.
  • Critical Business Questions Addressed

What is the long-term growth outlook for the pain management drugs market?

The market is projected to grow from USD 74.00 billion in 2025 to USD 130.74 billion by 2036, driven by increasing chronic pain prevalence, aging populations, and advancements in pain therapeutics.

Which factors are driving future market demand?

Rising incidence of chronic pain disorders, growing surgical volumes, increasing healthcare access, and development of safer non-opioid therapies are key growth drivers.

Which segments offer the strongest commercial opportunities?

NSAIDs currently dominate revenues, while non-opioid analgesics, neuropathic pain treatments, transdermal drug delivery systems, and online pharmacy channels are expected to generate the strongest future growth opportunities.

Which regions offer the most attractive investment potential?

North America remains the largest market, while Asia Pacific offers the highest growth potential due to expanding healthcare infrastructure, rising pharmaceutical consumption, and increasing awareness of pain management therapies.

How can pharmaceutical companies strengthen competitive positioning?

Investments in non-addictive pain therapies, advanced drug delivery technologies, personalized medicine approaches, and digital patient engagement solutions will be essential for sustaining long-term market leadership.

• Beyond the Forecast
• The pain management drugs industry is transitioning from conventional symptom-based treatment approaches toward personalized, targeted, and safer therapeutic strategies.
• Future market leaders will be companies capable of delivering effective pain relief while minimizing dependency risks, adverse effects, and long-term safety concerns through innovative drug development and advanced delivery technologies.
• As healthcare systems increasingly prioritize patient outcomes and quality of life, pain management therapies will remain a critical component of global healthcare delivery, creating substantial opportunities for innovation and sustainable growth throughout the forecast period.