Contraceptive Devices - Market Insights, Competitive Landscape, and Market Forecast - 2032

Contraceptive Devices Market Summary

• The global contraceptive devices market is expected to increase from USD 20,245.83 million in 2024 to USD 32,763.49 million by 2032, reflecting strong and sustained growth.
• The global contraceptive devices market is growing at a CAGR of 6.28% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2032.
• The global contraceptive devices market is growing due to several key factors. First, increased awareness and education about family planning are boosting demand. Second, demographic and lifestyle changes, such as delayed parenthood and the empowerment of women, are driving the need for effective solutions. Third, technological advancements, including the development of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and products with fewer side effects, are attracting more users. Lastly, supportive government initiatives are making contraception more accessible and affordable, further fueling market expansion.
• The leading companies operating in the contraceptive devices market include Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC, Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Organon & Co., Bayer AG, CooperSurgical, Inc., Mankind Pharma Ltd., HLL Lifecare Limited, Karex Berhad, Okamoto Industries Inc., Veru Inc., Pregna International Limited, Kessel medintim GmbH, and Others.
• The North American contraceptive devices market is growing due to a rising preference for Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) and non-hormonal options, driven by consumer demand for higher efficacy and fewer side effects. This trend is further supported by favorable government policies, such as the ACA, which has increased access by mandating insurance coverage. Additionally, the increasing integration of digital health and telehealth services is making information and prescriptions more accessible, particularly for a new generation of consumers.
• In the product type segment of the contraceptive devices market, the condom category is estimated to account for the largest market share in 2024.

Factors Contributing to the Growth of the Contraceptive Devices Market

• Increasing Awareness of Family Planning and Rising Demand for Contraceptives Fuelling Market Expansion: Increasing awareness of family planning and the rising demand for contraceptives are key drivers of market expansion, particularly in developing and emerging economies. This trend is fuelled by coordinated efforts from various stakeholders:
• Government Initiatives: Many governments, especially in countries with high population growth, are implementing national family planning policies and programs. These initiatives often include educational campaigns to inform the public about the benefits of contraception for health and socioeconomic well-being. By making a wide range of contraceptive methods available and, in some cases, free or subsidized, governments are actively creating and satisfying demand.
• NGOs and Public Health Organizations: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a crucial role by providing community-based education and services, often reaching marginalized or rural populations that government programs may not fully serve. These organizations address cultural and social barriers, provide accurate information to dispel myths about side effects, and train healthcare workers to offer a wider choice of contraceptive methods.
• Media and Digital Platforms: The proliferation of information through mass media, social media, and digital health applications is making knowledge about sexual and reproductive health more accessible than ever before. This increased access empowers individuals, especially young people, to make informed decisions about their health and family planning, leading to a higher adoption rate of modern contraceptive methods.
• Socioeconomic Factors: As education levels rise and women gain more autonomy, there is a greater desire to delay or space pregnancies to pursue educational and career opportunities. This directly increases the demand for effective and reliable contraceptive methods. Similarly, a growing middle class in emerging markets has more disposable income to spend on modern, and often more expensive, forms of contraception, further driving market growth.
• Technological Advancements and Product Innovation: Technological advancements and product innovation are key drivers of growth in the contraceptive devices market, as they address existing limitations and create new opportunities for both consumers and manufacturers.
• Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs): There is a significant shift in consumer preference towards LARCs, such as IUDs and contraceptive implants, due to their high efficacy, convenience, and long-lasting protection. These devices reduce the need for daily or weekly attention, which is a major draw for many users.
• Development of New Products: Manufacturers are investing in research and development to create innovative and user-friendly devices. This includes the introduction of custom-fit condoms, new hormonal and non-hormonal options, and ""smart"" devices that can be integrated with digital health platforms for monitoring.
• Minimizing Side Effects: A key focus of new product development is to reduce common side effects associated with hormonal contraception, such as weight gain, headaches, and menstrual changes. This is attracting a new segment of users who are concerned about these issues.
• Government Initiatives and Funding: Many governments, especially in countries with high population growth, are implementing national family planning policies and programs. These initiatives often include educational campaigns to inform the public about the benefits of contraception for health and socioeconomic well-being.
• National Population Control Policies: In many countries, particularly in Asia and Africa, governments are implementing policies and programs aimed at population control and stabilization. These initiatives often include subsidies and free distribution of contraceptive devices, thereby increasing their accessibility and affordability.
• Healthcare Support: Government-backed healthcare programs, like the National Health Mission in India, are making contraception an integral part of their public health strategy. This includes training healthcare workers to provide family planning counseling and services, including the insertion of IUDs.
• Public-Private Partnerships: Governments and NGOs are increasingly collaborating with the private sector to expand the reach of family planning services, ensuring that contraceptives are available in both urban and rural areas through a variety of channels, including public clinics, private pharmacies, and community-level health workers.

Contraceptive Devices Market Report Segmentation

This contraceptive devices market report offers a comprehensive overview of the global contraceptive devices market, highlighting key trends, growth drivers, challenges, and opportunities. It covers detailed market segmentation by Product Type (Condom, Diaphragms, Cervical Cap, Vaginal Rings, Intrauterine Device (IUD), and Sub Dermal Contraceptive Implants), Gender (Male Contraceptive Devices, Female Contraceptive Devices), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacies and D2C Platforms, Hypermarkets and Supermarkets, and Others), and geography. The report provides valuable insights into the competitive landscape, regulatory environment, and market dynamics across major markets, including North America, Europe, and Asia-Pacific. Featuring in-depth profiles of leading industry players and recent product innovations, this report equips businesses with essential data to identify market potential, develop strategic plans, and capitalize on emerging opportunities in the rapidly growing contraceptive devices market.

A contraceptive device, also known as a form of birth control, is a device or preparation designed to prevent pregnancy. These devices work in various ways, such as creating a physical barrier to block sperm, releasing hormones to inhibit ovulation, or making the uterine environment inhospitable to sperm or fertilized eggs.

The global contraceptive devices market is growing due to several key factors. First, increased awareness and education about family planning and reproductive health, driven by public health campaigns and a greater focus on preventing unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), is boosting demand. Second, demographic and lifestyle changes are playing a major role; trends such as delayed parenthood, the empowerment of women, and an increasing emphasis on shared responsibility for family planning are driving the need for effective contraceptive solutions. Third, technological advancements and product innovation, including the development of highly effective long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) like IUDs and implants, as well as products with fewer side effects, are attracting more users. Lastly, supportive government initiatives and funding in many countries are making contraception more accessible and affordable through public health programs and subsidies, further fueling market expansion.

What are the latest Contraceptive Devices Market Dynamics and Trends?

The global contraceptive devices market is projected to expand at a robust compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of approximately 6.8% during the forecast period of 2025 to 2032, driven by rising LARC uptake, broader public-sector procurement, and growing private-sector demand in APAC and LATAM.

A primary structural driver is the continuing shift toward long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs), modern IUDs, and subdermal implants, which are displacing (or supplementing) short-acting, user-dependent methods in many markets because of superior efficacy, convenience, and improved clinician familiarity. Procurement and shipment data show notable year-on-year increases in LARC supplies (copper IUD and implant procurement rose in recent public-sector cycles), which raises the market's value even when unit volumes are stable because LARCs command higher per-patient revenue and longer duration of protection.

Public procurement, donor programs, and government family-planning initiatives remain foundational to volume growth. Large multilateral and bilateral suppliers (including UNFPA partnerships) continue to supply billions of units of condoms and substantial volumes of implants/IUDs to low- and middle-income countries; UNFPA and related partnerships reported large-scale distribution and support for government procurement in 2023-2024, which both fills unmet need and creates visible demand that attracts manufacturers and investors. At the same time, tiered pricing and social-marketing channels are expanding reach into lower-income segments while private clinics and retail pharmacies capture higher-margin sales.

Service delivery and access models are changing the use pattern: telehealth, e-commerce, and pharmacy-led provision have made short-acting products and counselling easier to access since COVID-19, reducing discontinuation and improving method switching; meanwhile, community distribution and self-administered options (e.g., self-injectable for hormonal contraception) have hardened the resilience of supply chains against disruptions and expanded real-world uptake. These delivery innovations also lower the friction for young and urban users who prefer discreet, convenient channels.

A potential inflection point for total addressable market size is the rapid progress in male-contraception R&D. Multiple clinical programs, including non-hormonal implants and novel oral agents, reported positive early results or encouraging safety data in 2024 - 2025; if these candidates advance through pivotal trials and regulatory review, male methods could materially expand demand and shift method mixes over the next 5-10 years.

Finally, market headwinds and moderating factors matter: procurement volatility when donor budgets shift, persistent unmet need in certain geographies, regulatory hurdles for novel devices, and competition from cheaper generic options can compress margins or delay uptake. Conversely, rising health budgets in many APAC and LATAM countries, stronger supply-chain coordination, and active private-sector commercialization are near-term tailwinds that sustain growth in device value even where unit growth is incremental. Analysts should therefore model multiple scenarios (baseline adoption of LARCs, accelerated male-method entry, and donor-funding contraction) to capture the plausible upside and downside to device revenues.

The contraceptive devices market faces significant restraints and challenges, including social and cultural barriers like religious opposition and societal taboos that limit open discussion and use of contraception. Economic and logistical issues also pose a challenge, as the high cost of advanced devices and a lack of public funding in many regions make them inaccessible to large populations, compounded by poor supply chains that hinder distribution. Furthermore, health-related and user-specific concerns like perceived side effects, a lack of accurate information, and insufficient training for healthcare providers can lead to low adoption rates and incorrect usage. Finally, stringent regulatory processes and the lingering fear from past litigation over safety issues can delay the introduction of new products to the market.

Contraceptive Devices Market Segment Analysis

Contraceptive Devices Market by Product Type (Condom, Diaphragms, Cervical Cap, Vaginal Rings, Intrauterine Device (IUD), and Sub Dermal Contraceptive Implants), Gender (Male Contraceptive Devices, Female Contraceptive Devices), Distribution Channel (Hospital Pharmacy, Retail Pharmacy, Online Pharmacies and D2C Platforms, Hypermarkets and Supermarkets, and Others), and Geography (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and Rest of the World)

By Product Type: Condom Category Dominates the Market

In 2024, the condom product type held the largest share, commanding approximately 55% of the global contraceptive devices market. This dominance is primarily attributed to a combination of factors related to accessibility, dual protection, and consumer behavior. This dominance highlights condoms as a foundational product in the family planning landscape, even as other methods gain traction.

Key Insights into Condom Market Dominance:

• Dual Protection: Condoms are the only widely available contraceptive device that offers dual protection against both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. This dual benefit makes them a critical public health tool and a preferred choice for individuals who are not in monogamous relationships or who prioritize STI prevention.
• Accessibility and Affordability: Condoms are generally the most affordable and accessible contraceptive method. They can be purchased without a prescription from a wide variety of locations, including pharmacies, supermarkets, convenience stores, and online retailers. This widespread availability, combined with their low cost, makes them a go-to option, especially in developing countries.
• Widespread Use in Public Health Programs: Governments and NGOs worldwide actively promote and distribute condoms, often for free or at heavily subsidized prices. These public health initiatives, particularly in regions with high rates of HIV/AIDS and other STIs, contribute significantly to condom market volume and help to normalize their use.
• User-Controlled and Non-Invasive: Unlike many other methods like IUDs or implants, condoms are non-invasive, and their use is entirely user-controlled. This gives individuals a sense of autonomy and control over their reproductive health decisions. The fact that they can be used on demand, without a long-term commitment, appeals to a wide range of consumers.
• Product Innovation and Marketing: While condoms have been around for a long time, the market is continually innovating to improve the user experience. This includes a wide range of products with different materials (latex-free options for allergies), textures, flavors, and sizes. Sophisticated marketing campaigns also help to destigmatize their use and appeal to modern consumer preferences, particularly among young adults.

Despite the growing popularity and high effectiveness of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) like IUDs and implants, condoms' unique benefits in terms of dual protection, accessibility, and user control ensure their continued dominant position in the global market.

By Gender: Male Contraceptive Devices Dominate the Market

The dominance of male contraceptive devices, specifically male condoms, in the global market is driven by a unique combination of factors. The primary reason for their commanding 55% share of the market revenue in 2024 is their dual-purpose functionality; condoms are the only widely available contraceptive device that provides effective protection against both unintended pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), including HIV. This makes them an essential tool for public health and a top choice for individuals seeking comprehensive protection. Furthermore, condoms are highly accessible and affordable, requiring no prescription and being sold in a vast range of retail locations, from pharmacies to convenience stores, which ensures widespread availability, especially in low-income regions.

Global public health campaigns by governments and NGOs also heavily promote and distribute condoms to combat STIs, significantly boosting sales volume. Lastly, their user-controlled and non-invasive nature appeals to consumers who prefer a method that doesn't involve long-term commitment or potential side effects associated with hormonal methods or surgical procedures. These combined factors, dual protection, accessibility, affordability, and user control, ensure that male condoms continue to dominate the contraceptive devices market, even with the rise of newer, high-tech alternatives.

By Distribution Channel: Retail Pharmacy Category Dominates the Market

Retail pharmacies maintained a dominant market share in the contraceptive devices market in 2024, holding approximately 40% of the revenue. This is primarily due to their broad geographic reach and the immediate availability of products, allowing consumers to get what they need quickly and in person. However, the online and Direct-to-Consumer (D2C) channel is growing at a robust rate. This growth is driven by consumer preferences for discretion and privacy, the convenience of ordering products from home, and the increasing integration of telehealth services for prescriptions. While retail pharmacies will remain a key channel for their established trust and physical presence, the online/D2C channel is rapidly expanding by offering a more private, convenient, and often more affordable shopping experience, suggesting a future market shaped by a hybrid of both physical and digital retail models.

Contraceptive Devices Market Regional Analysis

North America Contraceptive Devices Market Trends

North America is projected to maintain its position as the dominant regional market for contraceptive devices, with a significant market share of 41% in 2024 valued at USD 9.11 billion, driven by a growing preference for Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) like IUDs and implants due to their high efficacy and convenience. This trend is supported by technological innovation, which is focused on creating more comfortable, lower-dose devices and integrating with digital health platforms. The market is also seeing a rising demand for non-hormonal options as consumers become more aware of and concerned about the side effects of hormonal methods. While the market for female devices is diversifying, the male contraceptive segment, dominated by condoms, maintains a significant share due to their dual function of preventing both pregnancy and STIs. The market is further shaped by supportive healthcare policies and a nascent but growing trend of investment in new male contraceptive research and development.

Europe Contraceptive Devices Market Trends

The Europe contraceptive devices market is experiencing steady growth, generating about USD 5 billion in 2024, growing at a CAGR of 5.3-5.4%. The European contraceptive devices market is a dynamic sector shaped by a growing preference for Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs), like IUDs and implants, which are gaining popularity due to their high efficacy and convenience. This trend is further fueled by a rising demand for non-hormonal options, as a segment of the population seeks to avoid the side effects of hormonal methods. The market is also heavily influenced by a supportive regulatory and policy landscape, with many European governments providing subsidies and reimbursement for contraception, particularly for young people. While the overall market is trending toward more advanced methods, there are significant regional differences, with higher adoption rates in Western and Northern Europe compared to some parts of Eastern and Southern Europe. Additionally, the increasing integration of digital and telehealth solutions is making it easier for consumers to access information and prescriptions, which is a growing driver for the market.

Asia-Pacific Contraceptive Devices Market Trends

The Asia-Pacific contraceptive devices market is experiencing robust growth, generating about USD 4.45 billion in revenue in 2024. The Asia-Pacific region is a major growth engine for the contraceptive devices market, driven by its large population, rapid urbanization, and evolving socioeconomic landscape. The market trends in this diverse region are a mix of addressing unmet needs and adopting modern, effective methods.

Key Market Trends in Asia-Pacific

• Proactive Government Initiatives: Many governments in the region, particularly in populous countries like China and India, have long-standing policies to manage population growth. These governments actively promote family planning through public health campaigns and a vast network of health clinics that provide subsidized or free contraceptive devices. This top-down support is a major driver of market expansion.
• Rising Awareness and Education: The increasing prevalence of education, urbanization, and access to information through media and the internet is raising awareness about sexual health, reproductive rights, and the benefits of family planning. This is helping to break down traditional social and cultural taboos surrounding contraception, leading to higher adoption rates, especially among younger generations.
• Shift from Traditional to Modern Methods: While traditional methods (like withdrawal or rhythm) and permanent sterilization have been common, there is a gradual but significant shift toward modern, reversible methods. This is driven by a desire for more effective options and a growing number of women who want to space pregnancies rather than stop childbearing permanently.

Who are the major players in the Contraceptive Devices Market?

The following are the leading companies in the contraceptive devices market. These companies collectively hold the largest market share and dictate industry trends.

• Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC
• Church & Dwight Co., Inc.
• Organon & Co.
• Bayer AG
• CooperSurgical, Inc.
• Mankind Pharma Ltd.
• HLL Lifecare Limited
• Karex Berhad
• Okamoto Industries Inc.
• Veru Inc.
• Pregna International Limited
• Kessel medintim GmbH
• Others

How is the competitive landscape shaping the Contraceptive Devices Market?

The competitive landscape of the contraceptive devices market is dynamic and moderately fragmented, with a mix of multinational pharmaceutical giants and specialized players. While companies like Bayer and Reckitt Benckiser (Durex) hold significant market share, particularly in the hormonal and condom segments, respectively, the market is not highly concentrated due to the variety of product types and the presence of numerous smaller, regional companies. Competition is driven by a focus on technological innovation, with companies racing to develop next-generation LARCs (Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives) and more user-friendly products with fewer side effects. Additionally, there is a growing competitive dynamic in the non-hormonal and digital health segments, as new entrants and established players alike seek to capture market share by addressing consumer concerns about hormones and leveraging new technologies. This environment fosters a continuous cycle of product development, strategic partnerships, and mergers and acquisitions, ultimately shaping a market defined by a blend of established leaders and innovative newcomers.

Recent Developmental Activities in the Contraceptive Devices Market

• In May 2025, Femasys received CE Mark approval for its in-office, non-surgical permanent contraception device and delivery system, FemBloc(R) Permanent Birth Control System.
• In March 2025, NEXT Life Sciences announced the launch of clinical trials for Plan A, a long-lasting, reversible, and hormone-free male contraceptive. The product, which is classified as a medical device, uses an injectable hydrogel to filter out sperm for up to 10 years.
• In February 2025, FDA 510(k) clearance for Church & Dwight's ribbed Ecstasy variant.
• In February 2025, Sebela Women's Health Inc. received FDA approval for MIUDELLA, a next-generation, hormone-free copper intrauterine system (IUS). It is the first new hormone-free IUD to be approved in the U.S. in over 40 years. It uses a flexible nitinol frame and less than half the copper of the currently available copper IUD.
• In January 2025, at Arab Health 2025, SMB Corporation unveiled the Silvee, a new silver IUD. The device features a silver core to enhance durability and effectiveness, providing up to five years of reliable contraception.

Contraceptive Devices Market Segmentation

• Contraceptive Devices Product Type Exposure
• Condom
• Diaphragms
• Cervical Cap
• Vaginal Rings
• Intrauterine Device (IUD)
• Sub Dermal Contraceptive Implants
• Contraceptive Devices Gender Exposure
• Male Contraceptive Devices
• Female Contraceptive Devices
• Contraceptive Devices Distribution Channel Exposure
• Hospital Pharmacy
• Retail Pharmacy
• Online Pharmacies and D2C Platforms
• Hypermarkets and Supermarkets
• Others
• Contraceptive Devices Geography Exposure
• North America Contraceptive Devices Market
• United States Contraceptive Devices Market
• Canada Contraceptive Devices Market
• Mexico Contraceptive Devices Market
• Europe Contraceptive Devices Market
• United Kingdom Contraceptive Devices Market
• Germany Contraceptive Devices Market
• France Contraceptive Devices Market
• Italy Contraceptive Devices Market
• Spain Contraceptive Devices Market
• Rest of Europe Contraceptive Devices Market
• Asia-Pacific Contraceptive Devices Market
• China Contraceptive Devices Market
• Japan Contraceptive Devices Market
• India Contraceptive Devices Market
• Australia Contraceptive Devices Market
• South Korea Contraceptive Devices Market
• Rest of Asia-Pacific Contraceptive Devices Market
• Rest of the World Contraceptive Devices Market
• South America Contraceptive Devices Market
• Middle East Contraceptive Devices Market
• Africa Contraceptive Devices Market

Impact Analysis

U.S. Tariff Impact Analysis on the Contraceptive Devices Market:

The implementation of U.S. tariffs on imported goods, particularly those related to pharmaceuticals and medical devices, has a significant and multifaceted impact on the global contraceptive devices market. These tariffs disrupt the complex international supply chain by increasing costs and forcing companies to find alternative suppliers, which can lead to production delays and product shortages worldwide. This economic friction can also trigger retaliatory tariffs from other countries, further raising the cost of goods and hindering global trade. As multinational companies pass these increased costs onto consumers, essential contraceptives become less affordable, particularly in developing countries. Furthermore, the financial uncertainty caused by tariffs may compel companies to divert resources from research and development toward mitigating supply chain risks, which could slow the pace of innovation and delay the launch of new technologies globally, ultimately reshaping the international manufacturing landscape.

How This Analysis Helps Clients

• Cost Management: By understanding the tariff landscape, clients can anticipate cost increases and adjust pricing strategies accordingly, ensuring profitability.
• Supply Chain Optimization: Clients can identify alternative sourcing options and diversify their supply chains to reduce dependency on high-tariff regions, enhancing resilience.
• Regulatory Navigation: Expert guidance on navigating the evolving regulatory environment helps clients maintain compliance and avoid potential legal challenges.
• Strategic Planning: Insights into tariff impacts enable clients to make informed decisions about manufacturing locations, partnerships, and market entry strategies.

Key takeaways from the contraceptive devices market report study

• Market size analysis for the current contraceptive devices market size (2024), and market forecast for 8 years (2025 to 2032)
• Top key product/technology developments, mergers, acquisitions, partnerships, and joint ventures happened over the last 3 years.
• Key companies dominating the contraceptive devices market.
• Various opportunities available for the other competitors in the contraceptive devices market space.
• What are the top-performing segments in 2024? How these segments will perform in 2032?
• Which are the top-performing regions and countries in the current contraceptive devices market scenario?
• Which are the regions and countries where companies should have concentrated on opportunities for the contraceptive devices market growth in the future?

Frequently Asked Questions for the Contraceptive Devices Market

1. What is the growth rate of the contraceptive devices market?

• The contraceptive devices market is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 6.28% during the forecast period from 2025 to 2032.

2. What is the market for contraceptive devices?

• The contraceptive devices market was valued at USD 20,245.83 million in 2024, and is expected to reach USD 32,763.49 million by 2032.

3. Which region has the highest share in the contraceptive devices market?

• The North American contraceptive devices market is growing due to a rising preference for Long-Acting Reversible Contraceptives (LARCs) and non-hormonal options, driven by consumer demand for higher efficacy and fewer side effects. This trend is further supported by favorable government policies, such as the ACA, which has increased access by mandating insurance coverage. Additionally, the increasing integration of digital health and telehealth services is making information and prescriptions more accessible, particularly for a new generation of consumers.

4. What are the drivers for the contraceptive devices market?

• The global contraceptive devices market is growing due to several key factors. First, increased awareness and education about family planning are boosting demand. Second, demographic and lifestyle changes, such as delayed parenthood and the empowerment of women, are driving the need for effective solutions. Third, technological advancements, including the development of long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) and products with fewer side effects, are attracting more users. Lastly, supportive government initiatives are making contraception more accessible and affordable, further fueling market expansion.

5. Who are the key players operating in the contraceptive devices market?

• Some of the key market players operating in the contraceptive devices market include Reckitt Benckiser Group PLC, Church & Dwight Co., Inc., Organon & Co., Bayer AG, CooperSurgical, Inc., Mankind Pharma Ltd., HLL Lifecare Limited, Karex Berhad, Okamoto Industries Inc., Veru Inc., Pregna International Limited, Kessel medintim GmbH, and Others.