Global Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections Market - 2023-2030

Overview

Klebsiella pneumoniae infections are caused by the pathogenic bacterium Klebsiella pneumonia, which can lead to a range of medical conditions. Klebsiella pneumonia is a type of Gram-negative bacteria that is commonly found in the environment, including soil, water, and plants. It can also inhabit the human body, particularly in the gastrointestinal tract and respiratory system.

While it is often harmless in healthy individuals, it has the potential to cause various infections, especially in people with compromised immune systems or underlying health conditions. This is because Klebsiella pneumoniae can produce a thick, sticky substance called a capsule that helps it evade the body's immune defenses.

These infections can manifest in different ways, depending on the affected body part. Klebsiella pneumoniae can cause pneumonia, a lung infection that can cause symptoms such as fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Urinary tract infections, caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract, can cause symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urination, and lower abdominal pain. Bloodstream infections can cause fever, chills, and low blood pressure. Wound infections can cause redness, swelling, and pus formation at the site of the wound.

The severity of the infection can vary, from mild cases that can be easily treated with antibiotics to more severe cases that require hospitalization and intensive medical care. In some cases, Klebsiella pneumoniae infections can also be resistant to antibiotics, making them more difficult to treat. Therefore, it is important to seek medical attention if you suspect you may have a Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

Furthermore, the rising prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae, the increasing research for the novel treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae infections, and increasing clinical trials of drugs are the factors expected to drive the market over the forecast period.

Dynamics

Advancements in Treatment Options for Managing Klebsiella pneumoniae Infections are Expected to Drive the Market Growth

On August 18, 2022, Springer published an article stating that Klebsiella pneumoniae is an opportunistic gram-negative pathogen that can cause various infectious diseases, including bacteremia, urinary tract infections, liver abscesses, and pneumonia. This pathogen is becoming increasingly prevalent, and multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strains have been identified as a critical public health threat by the World Health Organization. The threat posed by these strains is particularly concerning because the limitations of available treatment options make it difficult to effectively combat these infections.

There are some promising treatment options available. The US FDA has approved meropenem/vaborbactam for the treatment of cUTIs, with a particular focus on K. pneumoniae infections. Ongoing clinical trials have indicated that this treatment can enhance clinical cure rates and may be better tolerated than other standard therapies. Meanwhile, ceftazidime/avibactam is another important treatment option to consider when choosing the appropriate treatment for these UTIs.

Several other newer treatment options have shown promise in combating carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae. Imipenem/sulbactam, plazomicin, eravacycline, cefiderocol, and aztreonam-avibactam have all been reported to be active against these resistant strains. These treatments represent an important step forward in the ongoing fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria and may help us to better manage these infections in the future. Hence, owing to the above factors, the market is expected to drive over the forecast period.

The Rising Number of Clinical Trials Focused on Addressing Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections is Expected to Drive Market Growth

The Phramongkutklao College of Medicine and Hospital, in collaboration with Silpakorn University, has taken on the critical task of conducting an interventional clinical trial to address the alarming mortality rate among patients infected with Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP).

This study is aimed at investigating the critical role of appropriate antibiotic therapy adjusted by pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) considerations in determining outcomes for critically ill patients. It is a well-known fact that standard antibiotic doses might not be enough to attain the desired PK/PD targets in these cases. Therefore, this research aims to compare clinical outcomes between critically ill patients who receive antibiotics with PK/PD-adjusted doses using Monte Carlo simulation and historical critically ill patients who were treated with standard practices.

The intervention model involves dose optimization through PK/PD principles. The study is anticipated to commence in May 2023, with an estimated completion by June 2024. This initiative addresses the urgent need for more effective antibiotic treatment strategies for CRKP infections in critically ill patients, which is a pressing public health concern.

The trial is expected to provide essential insights into the potential of PK/PD-adjusted antibiotic therapy in improving clinical outcomes for critically ill patients infected with CRKP. This is a crucial step forward in the battle against antimicrobial resistance, which poses a severe threat to global public health. The findings of this study will provide valuable information to healthcare professionals and policymakers alike, guiding the development of more effective treatment protocols for CRKP infections. Hence, owing to the above factors, the market is expected to drive over the forecast period.

Rapid Prediction of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae through Deep Learning Analysis of SERS Spectra is Expected to Drive Market Growth

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a highly concerning pathogen that poses a significant threat in clinical settings due to its potential to cause serious and difficult-to-treat infections. The pathogen's increasing multidrug resistance worldwide further exacerbates the need for rapid and accurate identification in clinical diagnosis to prevent and control infection.

However, conventional and molecular methods for diagnosis are limited and can significantly delay the timely diagnosis of the pathogen. To address this challenge, researchers conducted a study to develop a novel, label-free, noninvasive, and low-cost method for diagnosing K. pneumoniae infections. The study utilized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy to generate SERS spectra for 121 K. pneumoniae strains with varying drug resistance profiles, including polymyxin-resistant K. pneumoniae (PRKP), carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP), and carbapenem-sensitive K. pneumoniae (CSKP).

To predict the drug resistance of K. pneumoniae strains, the SERS spectra were computationally analyzed using the convolutional neural network (CNN). The CNN model was enhanced with an attention mechanism, resulting in prediction accuracy as high as 99.46%. The model also exhibited a robustness score of 5-fold cross-validation at 98.87%.

These findings validate the accuracy and robustness of SERS spectroscopy in predicting drug resistance of K. pneumoniae strains, due to the assistance of deep learning algorithms. The study successfully discriminated against and predicted PRKP, CRKP, and CSKP strains to provide a valuable tool for clinical diagnosis. Hence, owing to the above factors, the market is expected to drive over the forecast period.

Limited Treatment Options for KPC-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae is Expected to Hamper the Market Growth

Infections caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae can prove to be a challenge to treat, especially when they are multidrug-resistant. The slow pace of developing new antibiotics that specifically target Klebsiella pneumoniae can hinder effective treatment strategies.

The challenge is further accentuated in cases of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae, where treatment options are limited. In such cases, a microbiology laboratory must run specific tests to determine which antibiotics would be effective in treating the infection. It is recommended that patients with KPC-KP infections receive treatment with two or more drugs that display activity against the isolate. This approach has been shown to improve survival rates in such patients. Thus, owing to the above factors, the market is expected to hamper over the forecast period.

Segment Analysis

The global klebsiella pneumoniae infections market is segmented based on infection type, drug class, distribution channel, and region.

The Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) from the Infection Type Segment Accounted for Approximately 45.9% of the Klebsiella Pneumoniae Infections Market Share

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is a bacterial infection that affects any part of the urinary system, including the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. It is a common condition that affects people of all ages and genders, although it is more prevalent in women due to anatomical differences.

UTIs are primarily caused by bacteria entering the urinary tract. The most common fugitive is Escherichia coli (E. coli), which is a type of bacteria that normally resides in the intestines but can travel to the urinary tract and cause infection. Other bacteria, such as Klebsiella and Proteus species, can also be responsible for UTIs.

UTIs can present with a range of symptoms, including frequent or painful urination, cloudy or bloody urine, and a strong and persistent urge to urinate. In some cases, individuals may experience fever, chills, and lower back or abdominal pain. If left untreated, UTIs can lead to more serious complications, including kidney damage and sepsis.

Treatment for UTIs typically involves a course of antibiotics. The specific antibiotic and duration of treatment depend on the type and severity of the infection. In addition to antibiotics, individuals can take steps to prevent UTIs, such as staying hydrated, urinating frequently, and wiping from front to back after using the bathroom.

Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs), the increasing clinical trials of UTI drugs by the market players, and rising FDA approvals are the factors expected to drive the market segment over the forecast period.

For instance, on January 03, 2022, Spero Therapeutics, Inc. announced that the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted Priority Review designation and confirmed the acceptance for substantive review of the New Drug Application (NDA) seeking approval for tebipenem HBr oral tablets for treatment in adult patients with complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including acute pyelonephritis, caused by susceptible microorganisms.

Tebipenem HBr has been granted Qualified Infectious Disease Product (QIDP), Fast Track, and Priority Review designations for these cUTI indications. The Agency is planning to hold an Advisory Committee meeting to discuss this application and has also set a Prescription Drug User Fee Act (PDUFA) target action date of June 27, 2022.

Additionally, on November 3, 2022, GSK plc announced that the pivotal phase III EAGLE-2 and EAGLE-3 trials evaluating gepotidacin, an investigational treatment for uncomplicated urinary tract infection (uUTI) in female adults and adolescents, will stop enrolment early for efficacy following a recommendation by the Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC). This decision was based on a pre-specified interim analysis of efficacy and safety data in over 3000 patients across the trials. Hence, owing to the above factors, the market segment is expected to hold the largest market share over the forecast period.

Geographical Penetration

North America Accounted for Approximately 39.6% of the Market Share in 2022, Owing to the Increasing Research for New Therapies For Antibiotic-Resistant Klebsiella, the Rising Clinical Trials for Drugs, Increasing Funding to Develop a New Vaccine

North America region is expected to hold the largest market share over the forecast period owing to the new therapies for antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella, the rising clinical trials for drugs, and increasing funding to develop a new vaccine.

For instance, on May 6, 2022, Evofem Biosciences, Inc. announced that new data from the Phase 3 AMPOWER clinical trial of Phexxi (lactic acid, citric acid, and potassium bitartrate) showed that women enrolled in the AMPOWER trial had fewer urinary tract infections (UTIs) compared to the general population.

Moreover, on May 18, 2023, a study was conducted by researchers from Washington University School of Medicine in collaboration with Omniose to explore the efficacy of bioconjugate vaccines for hypervirulent and drug-resistant strains of Klebsiella in mice. The study, which was published in PLoS Pathogens, aimed to enhance the immune response by connecting sugars on the surface of Klebsiella to proteins.

The research team tested two types of vaccines, one targeting the O-antigen and the other targeting the K-antigen. The capsule vaccine displayed exceptional efficacy in safeguarding mice against Klebsiella infections in the lungs and bloodstream. The study's findings have promising implications for the development of an effective vaccine against Klebsiella infections. Thus, owing to the above factors, the North America region is expected to hold the largest market share over the forecast period.

Competitive Landscape

The major global players in the klebsiella pneumoniae infections market include: Pfizer Inc., Novartis AG, AdvaCare Pharma, Merck & Co., Inc., Ortho-McNeil-Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Teva Pharmaceuticals USA, Inc., Aurobindo Pharma Colombia, Par Pharmaceutical, AbbVie, and Actavis among others.

COVID-19 Impact Analysis

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about significant challenges to public health worldwide, with the emergence of various variants of the virus posing additional threats. One particular concern is the presence of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria in individuals infected with COVID-19, which can complicate patient management, especially in critically ill cases. This bacterium is known for its resistance to multiple antibiotics, making it challenging to treat and potentially leading to adverse outcomes.

Reports have highlighted the occurrence of K. pneumoniae co-infections, particularly among severely ill COVID-19 patients during their hospital stay. While extensive antibiotic use for initial COVID-19 diagnosis may reduce bacterial co-infections, it can also contribute to antibiotic resistance, particularly in strains of K. pneumoniae. Therefore, accurate identification of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae is crucial for effectively diagnosing and treating COVID-19 patients. Managing K. pneumoniae is also essential to minimizing COVID-19 risks.

Initially, co-infection studies among COVID-19 patients were limited, but they have gained significance due to varying interpretations of COVID-19 severity and mortality rates. Research has revealed a wide spectrum of co-infection rates in SARS-CoV-2 patients, ranging from 0.6% to 50%. Co-infections, mainly bacterial, have emerged as a significant factor in COVID-19-related deaths, with 50% of fatalities linked to secondary bacterial co-infections contracted during hospitalization.

Antibiotic usage to manage COVID-19 symptoms can potentially foster antibiotic resistance, and K. pneumoniae co-infection stands out due to its association with severe respiratory issues and mortality. Multidrug-resistant and extremely drug-resistant strains of this bacterium have been detected, posing a significant challenge to patient management. In Saudi Arabia, K. pneumoniae and A. baumannii were prevalent among COVID-19 patients, showing resistance to various antibiotics except colistin.

Therefore, the emergence of COVID-19 variants poses global health challenges, with attention drawn to the presence of K. pneumoniae co-infections, particularly in critically ill patients. Addressing this issue requires accurate detection of multidrug-resistant strains and efforts to control antibiotic resistance. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant in managing patients with COVID-19, including the identification and management of bacterial co-infections to improve patient outcomes.

Russia-Ukraine Conflict Analysis

The Russian-Ukraine conflict could disrupt healthcare infrastructure, exacerbating infectious diseases like Klebsiella pneumonia in affected regions. Conflict-related population displacement could also cause overcrowded living conditions, facilitating the spread of bacterial infections due to limited access to sanitation and healthcare services.

For instance, in 2023, researchers from Lund University in Sweden collaborated with Ukrainian microbiologists to investigate antibiotic resistance in patients wounded by war and receiving treatment in hospitals. The findings, published in The Lancet Infectious Diseases, unveiled a significant prevalence of highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria among these patients.

Professor Kristian Riesbeck, a Clinical Bacteriology expert at Lund University, expressed astonishment at encountering such extreme resistance, even with his extensive experience in bacterial infections. Dr. Oleksandr Nazarchuk, a microbiologist from Ukraine, sought urgent assistance from Professor Riesbeck's team to assess antibiotic resistance in severely injured patients due to the ongoing conflict.

The study encompassed 141 individuals affected by the war, revealing concerning patterns of resistance, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, a bacterium of particular concern due to its ability to cause severe illness. The above factors are expected to have little influence over the global klebsiella pneumonia infections market growth over the forecast period.

By Infection Type

• Pneumonia
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)
• Bloodstream Infections
• Intra-Abdominal Infection
• Wound Infections

By Drug Class

• Beta-Lactams
  • Clavulanic Acid
  • Sulbactam
  • Tazobactam
  • Avibactam
  • Vaborbactam

• Aminoglycoside
  • Gentamicin
  • Tobramycin
  • Amikacin
  • Streptomycin
  • Others

• Quinolones
  • Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
  • Levofloxacin
  • Moxifloxacin
  • Ofloxacin
  • Norfloxacin
  • Gemifloxacin
  • Others

• Cephalosporins
  • Ceftriaxone
  • Cefotaxime

• Carbapenems
  • Imipenem/cilastatin
  • Meropenem
  • Doripenem
  • Ertapenem

By Distribution Channel

• Hospital Pharmacies
• Retail Pharmacies
• Online Pharmacies

By Region

• North America
  • U.S.
  • Canada
  • Mexico

• Europe
  • Germany
  • U.K.
  • France
  • Spain
  • Italy
  • Rest of Europe

• South America
  • Brazil
  • Argentina
  • Rest of South America

• Asia-Pacific
  • China
  • India
  • Japan
  • Australia
  • Rest of Asia-Pacific

• Middle East and Africa

Key Developments

• On September 22, 2022, GSK plc and Spero Therapeutics, Inc. announced they have entered into an exclusive license agreement for tebipenem pivoxil hydrobromide (tebipenem HBr), a late-stage antibiotic being developed by Spero, as the first oral carbapenem antibiotic to potentially treat complicated urinary tract infections (cUTI), including pyelonephritis, caused by certain bacteria.
• On October 4, 2020, CARB-X announced it is awarding up to US$2.5 million to GangaGen Biotechnologies, headquartered in Bangalore, India, to develop novel antibacterial proteins, called klebicins, to treat pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae, a difficult-to-treat bacteria belonging to the Enterobacterales family of Gram-negative pathogens. GangaGen will be eligible for an additional $8.1 million in funding from CARB-X if project milestones are met, subject to available funds.
• On June 15, 2022, Shionogi & Co., Ltd. And the Global Antibiotic Research and Development Partnership (GARDP) partnered to enhance global access to cefiderocol, an antibiotic that is effective against challenging Gram-negative bacterial infections and may resist other treatments.

Cefiderocol is endorsed by the World Health Organization and approved by regulatory bodies and targets priority pathogens. This partnership involves a pharmaceutical company collaborating with a public health-focused non-profit organization. GARDP will oversee the manufacturing and distribution of cefiderocol in countries with limited access to modern antibiotics, spanning low- to upper-middle-income nations, encompassing about 70% of the world's countries and a significant portion of populations vulnerable to antibiotic resistance.

DataM Intelligence Opinion:

According to the DataM Intelligence, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae has created a pressing need for novel treatment options. Efforts to combat drug-resistant bacteria include research and clinical trials, as well as the potential introduction of new antibiotics like BWC0977. The market is driven by factors such as urgency to address antibiotic resistance, approval of new treatment options, and advancements in diagnostic techniques like SERS spectroscopy combined with deep learning analysis.

Challenges remain, particularly in cases of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae where treatment options are limited. The impact of global events like the Russian-Ukraine conflict and the COVID-19 pandemic on the market dynamics could create uncertainties in certain regions. Therefore, the market for K. pneumoniae infections is evolving rapidly, with a focus on research, innovation, and collaboration to address the growing threat of antibiotic resistance and improve patient care.

Why Purchase the Report?

• To visualize the global klebsiella pneumoniae infections market segmentation based on infection type, drug class, distribution channel and region as well as understand key commercial assets and players.
• Identify commercial opportunities by analyzing trends and co-development.
• Excel data sheet with numerous data points of klebsiella pneumoniae infections market-level with all segments.
• PDF report consists of a comprehensive analysis after exhaustive qualitative interviews and an in-depth study.
• Product mapping available as excel consisting of key products of all the major players.

The global klebsiella pneumoniae infections market report would provide approximately 61 tables, 61 figures, and 186 Pages.

Target Audience 2023

• Manufacturers/ Buyers
• Industry Investors/Investment Bankers
• Research Professionals
• Emerging Companies