The Global Bioplastics Market 2026-2036

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 What are bioplastics?
• 1.2 Global Plastics Market and Supply
• 1.3 Recycling Polymers
• 1.4 Bio-based and Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable Polymers
• 1.5 Bio-based Content Across the Full Polymer Market
• 1.6 Regional Distribution
• 1.7 Bio-based Building Blocks Market Overview
• 1.8 Next Generation Bio-based Polymers
• 1.9 Integration with Chemical Recycling
• 1.10 Novel Feedstock Sources
• 1.11 Turning Waste into Bioplastics
• 1.12 Bio-based Polymer Production Shares and Bio-based Content:
• 1.13 Global Bioplastics Capacity
  • 1.13.1 Production capacities
  • 1.13.2 Production capacities forecast 2025-2036
  • 1.13.3 Production capacities by region 2024-2036
• 1.14 Global Market Forecasts
• 1.15 Environmental Impact and Sustainability
  • 1.15.1 Plastics carbon footprint
  • 1.15.2 Bioplastics carbon footprint
  • 1.15.3 Life Cycle Assessment of Bioplastics
  • 1.15.4 Use of renewables in production
  • 1.15.5 Land Use and Feedstock Sustainability
  • 1.15.6 Carbon Footprint Comparison with Fossil-based Alternatives
• 1.16 Bio-composites
  • 1.16.1 Sustainable packaging
  • 1.16.2 Enhanced biodegradation of bio-based polymers
  • 1.16.3 Bio-composite manufacturing
  • 1.16.4 Sustainability and Environmental Performance of Bio-based Polymers

2 INTRODUCTION

• 2.1 The Biodegradability and Bio-based Independence Principle
• 2.2 Types of bioplastics
  • 2.2.1 Introduction
  • 2.2.2 Polymer Types
    • 2.2.2.1 Transition from fossil-based to bio-based polymers
    • 2.2.2.2 Monosaccharides
    • 2.2.2.3 Vegetable Oils
  • 2.2.3 Bio-based monomers
    • 2.2.3.1 Portfolio of available monomers
    • 2.2.3.2 Emerging Monomer Technologies
  • 2.2.4 The Green Premium
  • 2.2.5 Market Pathway Classification: Drop-in, Smart Drop-in and Dedicated Bio-based Polymers
• 2.3 Feedstocks
  • 2.3.1 Types
  • 2.3.2 Prices
  • 2.3.3 Alternative feedstocks for bioplastics
  • 2.3.4 Food security, land use, and water resources
• 2.4 Chain of custody
• 2.5 Chemical tracers and markers
• 2.6 Bioplastics regulations
  • 2.6.1 Overview
  • 2.6.2 The UN Global Plastics Treaty
  • 2.6.3 Extended producer responsibility (EPR)
  • 2.6.4 United States
  • 2.6.5 Europe
    • 2.6.5.1 EU Bioeconomy Strategy November
  • 2.6.6 Asia-Pacific
  • 2.6.7 Recycled-content mandates and material bans

3 BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES MARKET

• 3.1 Biorefineries
• 3.2 Feedstock and Land Use
• 3.3 Plant-based Feedstocks
  • 3.3.1 Starch
  • 3.3.2 Glucose-platform intermediates
  • 3.3.3 Sugar crops and the furan platform
  • 3.3.4 Lignocellulosic biomass
  • 3.3.5 Plant oils
  • 3.3.6 Other plant-based feedstocks
• 3.4 Waste Feedstocks
• 3.5 Microbial and Mineral Sources
• 3.6 Gaseous Feedstocks

4 BIO-BASED POLYMERS

• 4.1 BIO-BASED OR RENEWABLE PLASTICS
  • 4.1.1 Drop-in bio-based plastics
  • 4.1.2 Novel bio-based plastics
• 4.2 BIODEGRADABLE AND COMPOSTABLE PLASTICS
  • 4.2.1 Biodegradability
  • 4.2.2 Compostability
• 4.3 TYPES
• 4.4 KEY MARKET PLAYERS
• 4.5 SYNTHETIC BIO-BASED POLYMERS
  • 4.5.1 Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear
    • 4.5.1.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.1.2 Production
    • 4.5.1.3 Applications
    • 4.5.1.4 Producers
  • 4.5.2 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA)
    • 4.5.2.1 What is polylactic acid?
    • 4.5.2.2 Market analysis
    • 4.5.2.3 Applications
    • 4.5.2.4 Production
    • 4.5.2.5 Biomanufacturing of lactic acid (C3H6O3)
    • 4.5.2.6 Bacterial fermentation
      • 4.5.2.6.1 Lactic acid
      • 4.5.2.6.2 Selection of optimal bacterial strains
      • 4.5.2.6.3 Downstream processing of fermentation broth into PLA-grade lactic acid
    • 4.5.2.7 PLA hydrolysis
    • 4.5.2.8 Ocean degradation
    • 4.5.2.9 PLA end-of-life
    • 4.5.2.10 Producers and production capacities, current and planned
      • 4.5.2.10.1 Lactic acid producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.2.10.2 PLA producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.2.10.3 Polylactic acid (Bio-PLA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
      • 4.5.2.10.4 PLA Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.3 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET)
    • 4.5.3.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.3.2 Bio-based MEG and PET
      • 4.5.3.2.1 Monomer production
      • 4.5.3.2.2 Applications
    • 4.5.3.3 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.3.4 Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.4 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (Bio-PTT)
    • 4.5.4.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.4.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.4.3 Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.4.4 PTT Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.5 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF)
    • 4.5.5.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.5.2 Comparative properties to PET
    • 4.5.5.3 Commercial status
    • 4.5.5.4 Producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.5.4.1 FDCA and PEF producers and production capacities
      • 4.5.5.4.2 Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
  • 4.5.6 Polyamides (Bio-PA)
    • 4.5.6.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.6.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.6.3 Polyamides (Bio-PA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.6.4 Bio-PA Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.7 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT)
    • 4.5.7.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.7.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.7.3 Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.7.4 PBAT Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.8 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) and copolymers
    • 4.5.8.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.8.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.8.3 Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.8.4 PBS Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.9 Polyethylene (Bio-PE)
    • 4.5.9.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.9.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.9.3 Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
    • 4.5.9.4 Bio-PE Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.10 Polypropylene (Bio-PP)
    • 4.5.10.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.10.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.5.10.3 Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.5.10.4 Bio-PP Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.11 Superabsorbent polymers
    • 4.5.11.1 Market analysis
    • 4.5.11.2 Production
    • 4.5.11.3 Applications
    • 4.5.11.4 Producers
  • 4.5.12 Polytrimethylene Furandicarboxylate (PTF)
    • 4.5.12.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.12.2 Production
    • 4.5.12.3 Applications
    • 4.5.12.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.12.5 PTF Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.13 Bio-based Polybutylene Terephthalate (Bio-PBT)
    • 4.5.13.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.13.2 Production
    • 4.5.13.3 Applications
    • 4.5.13.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.13.5 Bio-PBT Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.14 Polyfurfuryl Alcohol (PFA)
    • 4.5.14.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.14.2 Production
    • 4.5.14.3 Applications
    • 4.5.14.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.14.5 PFA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.15 Bio-based Polyvinyl Chloride (Bio-PVC)
    • 4.5.15.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.15.2 Production
    • 4.5.15.3 Applications
    • 4.5.15.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.15.5 Bio-PVC Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.16 Bio-based Polymethyl Methacrylate (Bio-PMMA)
    • 4.5.16.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.16.2 Production
    • 4.5.16.3 Applications
    • 4.5.16.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.16.5 Bio-PMMA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.17 Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
    • 4.5.17.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.17.2 Production
    • 4.5.17.3 Applications
    • 4.5.17.4 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.17.5 Bio-SBR Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
  • 4.5.18 Epoxy resins (bio-based content)
    • 4.5.18.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.18.2 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.18.3 Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production 2019–2036
    • 4.5.18.4 Epoxy resins Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.5.19 Polyurethanes (PUR, bio-based content)
    • 4.5.19.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.5.19.2 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.5.19.3 Polyurethanes (PUR, bio fraction) production 2019–2036
    • 4.5.19.4 PUR Production by region 2019–2036
• 4.6 NATURAL BIO-BASED POLYMERS
  • 4.6.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
    • 4.6.1.1 Technology description
    • 4.6.1.2 Types
      • 4.6.1.2.1 PHB
      • 4.6.1.2.2 PHBV
    • 4.6.1.3 Synthesis and production processes
    • 4.6.1.4 Market analysis
    • 4.6.1.5 Commercially available PHAs
    • 4.6.1.6 Markets for PHAs
      • 4.6.1.6.1 Packaging
      • 4.6.1.6.2 Cosmetics
        • 4.6.1.6.2.1 PHA microspheres
      • 4.6.1.6.3 Medical
        • 4.6.1.6.3.1 Tissue engineering
        • 4.6.1.6.3.2 Drug delivery
      • 4.6.1.6.4 Agriculture
        • 4.6.1.6.4.1 Mulch film
        • 4.6.1.6.4.2 Grow bags
    • 4.6.1.7 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.6.1.8 PHA production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
    • 4.6.1.9 PHA Production by region 2019–2036
  • 4.6.2 Cellulose
    • 4.6.2.1 Cellulose acetate (CA)
      • 4.6.2.1.1 Market analysis
      • 4.6.2.1.2 Production
      • 4.6.2.1.3 Applications
      • 4.6.2.1.4 Cellulose acetate Production by region 2019–2036
      • 4.6.2.1.5 Producers
    • 4.6.2.2 Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC)
      • 4.6.2.2.1 Market analysis
      • 4.6.2.2.2 Producers and production capacities
    • 4.6.2.3 Nanocellulose
    • 4.6.2.4 Casein polymers
      • 4.6.2.4.1 Market analysis
    • 4.6.2.5 Commercial status
      • 4.6.2.5.1 Production
      • 4.6.2.5.2 Applications
    • 4.6.2.6 Algal, Fungal and Mycelium-based Materials: Emerging Outlook
  • 4.6.3 Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC)
    • 4.6.3.1 Market Analysis
    • 4.6.3.2 Producers and Production Capacities
    • 4.6.3.3 SCPC production 2019–2036
    • 4.6.3.4 SCPC Production by region 2019–2036
• 4.7 NATURAL FIBERS
  • 4.7.1 Manufacturing method, matrix materials and applications of natural fibers
  • 4.7.2 Advantages of natural fibers
  • 4.7.3 Commercially available next-gen natural fiber products
  • 4.7.4 Market drivers for next-gen natural fibers
  • 4.7.5 Challenges
  • 4.7.6 Plants (cellulose, lignocellulose)
  • 4.7.7 Animal (fibrous protein)
  • 4.7.8 Markets for natural fibers
  • 4.7.9 Global production of natural fibers
• 4.8 LIGNIN
  • 4.8.1 Lignin as a Bio-based Polymer Feedstock

5 MARKETS FOR BIOPLASTICS

• 5.1 Packaging (Flexible and Rigid)
  • 5.1.1 Processes for bioplastics in packaging
  • 5.1.2 Applications
  • 5.1.3 Flexible packaging
    • 5.1.3.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
  • 5.1.4 Rigid packaging
    • 5.1.4.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.2 Consumer Goods
  • 5.2.1 Applications
  • 5.2.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.3 Automotive
  • 5.3.1 Applications
  • 5.3.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.4 Building and Construction
  • 5.4.1 Applications
  • 5.4.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.5 Textiles and Fibers
  • 5.5.1 Apparel
  • 5.5.2 Footwear
  • 5.5.3 Medical textiles
  • 5.5.4 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.6 Electronics
  • 5.6.1 Applications
  • 5.6.2 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.7 Agriculture and Horticulture
  • 5.7.1 Production volumes 2019-2036
• 5.8 Production of Biopolymers, by region
  • 5.8.1 North America
  • 5.8.2 Europe
  • 5.8.3 Asia-Pacific
  • 5.8.4 Latin America
• 5.9 Polymer-Specific Application Distribution
  • 5.9.1 All bio-based polymers - Application summary
  • 5.9.2 PLA - Application distribution
  • 5.9.3 PHA - Application distribution
  • 5.9.4 PBAT - Application distribution
  • 5.9.5 PBS - Application distribution
  • 5.9.6 SCPC - Application distribution
  • 5.9.7 Cellulose acetate - Application distribution

6 COMPANY PROFILES (592 company profiles)

7 APPENDIX

• 7.1 Research Methodology

8 REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Global Plastics Production (1950-2025).
• Table 2. Bio-based and Biodegradable vs. Non-biodegradable Polymers (2025).
• Table 3. Regional Biopolymer Distribution and Projections (2025–2036)
• Table 4. Regional Production Capacity Projections (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 5. Bio-based Building Blocks Market Overview
• Table 6. Global Bio-based Building Block Production Capacities 2011–2036 (million tonnes total, all building blocks)
• Table 7. Next Generation Bio-based Polymers.
• Table 8. Bio-based Polymers and Chemical Recycling (2024-2036).
• Table 9. Novel Feedstock Sources
• Table 10. Bio-based Polymer Production Shares and Bio-based Content: 2025
• Table 11. Global Bio-based Polymer Production Capacities and Production 2025
• Table 12. Bio-based Polymer Global Installed Capacity Forecast 2025–2036 by Type (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 13. Bioplastics Production Capacities by Region 2024-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 14. Global Bio-based Polymers Market by Type 2020–2036 (Revenues $M)
• Table 15. Life Cycle Assessment of Bio-based Polymers.
• Table 16. Carbon Footprint Comparison with Fossil-based Alternative
• Table 17. Available Bio-based Monomers.
• Table 18. Bioplastic feedstocks,
• Table 19. Bioplastics regulations around the world.
• Table 20. Global biomass demand and the bio-based polymer share, 2023–2025
• Table 21.Common starch sources used as bio-based feedstock
• Table 22. Global production of starch for bio-based chemicals (million tonnes)
• Table 23. Production of major glucose-platform intermediates (tonnes unless stated)
• Table 24. Production of key furan-platform intermediates (tonnes)
• Table 25. Intermediates derived from lignocellulosic biomass
• Table 26. Production of major plant-oil intermediates (tonnes)
• Table 27. Waste feedstocks and derived products
• Table 28.Gaseous feedstocks and conversion routes
• Table 29. Type of biodegradation.
• Table 30. Advantages and disadvantages of biobased plastics compared to conventional plastics.
• Table 31. Types of Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastics, applications.
• Table 32. Key market players by Bio-based and/or Biodegradable Plastic types.
• Table 33. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 34. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) – cyclic and linear Applications.
• Table 35. Aliphatic polycarbonates (APC) producers.
• Table 36. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 37. Optimal Lactic Acid Bacteria Strains for Fermentation
• Table 38. Lactic acid producers and production capacities.
• Table 39. PLA producers and production capacities.
• Table 40. Planned PLA Capacity Expansions (2025 confirmed)
• Table 41. PLA Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 42. Polylactic acid (PLA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 43. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 44. Bio-based Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) producers and production capacities.
• Table 45. Polyethylene terephthalate (Bio-PET) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 46. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 47. PTT Production Capacities (2025)
• Table 48. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 49. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 50. Polyethylene furanoate (PEF) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 51. PEF vs. PET.
• Table 52. FDCA and PEF Producers (2025)
• Table 53. Polyethylene furanoate (Bio-PEF) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 54. Bio-based polyamides (Bio-PA) market analysis - manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 55. Bio-PA Producers Production Capacities (2025)
• Table 56. Polyamides (Bio-PA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 57. Polyamides (Bio-PA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 58. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 59. PBAT Producers, Production Capacities and Brands (2025)
• Table 60. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (Bio-PBAT) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 61. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 62. Bio-PBS market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 63. PBS Producers and Production Capacities (2025)
• Table 64. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 65. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 66. Bio-based Polyethylene (Bio-PE) market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 67. Leading Bio-PE producers.
• Table 68. Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 69. Polyethylene (Bio-PE) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 70. Bio-PP market analysis- manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 71. Bio-PP Producers and Capacities (2025)
• Table 72. Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 73. Polypropylene (Bio-PP) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 74. Superabsorbent Polymers Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 75. Superabsorbent polymers Applications.
• Table 76. Superabsorbent polymers producers.
• Table 77. Polytrimethylene furandicarboxylate (PTF) Applications
• Table 78. Polytrimethylene furandicarboxylate (PTF) Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 79. PTF Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 80. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Applications
• Table 81. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 82. Bio-based polybutylene terephthalate (bio-PBT) Bio-PBT Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 83. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Applications
• Table 84. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 85. Polyfurfuryl alcohol (PFA) Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 86. Bio-based polyvinyl chloride (bio-PVC)
• Table 87. Bio-based polyvinyl chloride (bio-PVC) Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 88. Bio-PVC Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 89. Bio-PMMA Applications
• Table 90. Bio-PMMA Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 91. Bio-PMMA Bio-PMMA Production Capacity 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 92. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR) Applications
• Table 93. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
• Table 94. Bio-based Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (Bio-SBR)
• Table 95. Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 96. Epoxy resins (bio fraction) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 97. Polyurethanes (PUR, bio fraction) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 98.Types of PHAs and properties.
• Table 99. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.
• Table 100. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.
• Table 101. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) market analysis.
• Table 102. Commercially available PHAs.
• Table 103. Markets and applications for PHAs.
• Table 104. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
• Table 105. PHA Producers (2025)
• Table 106. PHA production capacities 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes).
• Table 107. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 108. Cellulose acetate (CA) production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 109. Cellulose acetate (CA) applications.
• Table 110. Cellulose acetate (CA) production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 111. Cellulose acetate (CA) producers.
• Table 112. Microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 113. Leading MFC producers and capacities.
• Table 114. Casein polymers production 2019-2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 115. Casein polymers applications.
• Table 116. Starch-containing polymer compounds Producers and Production Capacities
• Table 117. Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC) production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 118. SCPC production by region 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 119. Types of next-gen natural fibers.
• Table 120. Application, manufacturing method, and matrix materials of natural fibers.
• Table 121. Typical properties of natural fibers.
• Table 122. Commercially available next-gen natural fiber products.
• Table 123. Market drivers for natural fibers.
• Table 124. Overview of cotton fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 125. Cotton production volume 2018-2036 (Million MT).
• Table 126. Overview of kapok fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 127. Kapok production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 128. Overview of luffa fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 129. Overview of jute fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 130. Jute production volume 2018-2036 (Million MT).
• Table 131. Overview of hemp fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 132. Hemp fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 133. Overview of flax fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 134. Flax fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 135. Overview of ramie fibers- description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 136. Ramie fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 137. Overview of kenaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 138. Kenaf fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 139. Overview of sisal leaf fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 140. Sisal fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 141. Overview of abaca fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 142. Abaca fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 143. Overview of coir fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 144. Coir fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MILLION MT).
• Table 145. Overview of banana fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 146. Banana fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MT).
• Table 147. Overview of pineapple fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 148. Overview of rice fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 149. Overview of corn fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 150. Overview of switch grass fibers-description, properties and applications.
• Table 151. Overview of sugarcane fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and application and market size.
• Table 152. Overview of bamboo fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 153. Bamboo fiber production volume 2018-2036 (MILLION MT).
• Table 154. Overview of wool fibers-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 155. Alternative wool materials producers.
• Table 156. Overview of silk fibers-description, properties, application and market size.
• Table 157. Alternative silk materials producers.
• Table 158. Alternative leather materials producers.
• Table 159. Next-gen fur producers.
• Table 160. Alternative down materials producers.
• Table 161. Applications of natural fiber composites.
• Table 162. Typical properties of short natural fiber-thermoplastic composites.
• Table 163. Properties of non-woven natural fiber mat composites.
• Table 164. Properties of aligned natural fiber composites.
• Table 165. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer compounds.
• Table 166. Properties of natural fiber-bio-based polymer non-woven mats.
• Table 167. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 168. Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composite in the automotive market.
• Table 169. Natural fibers in the aerospace sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 170. Applications of natural fibers in the automotive industry.
• Table 171. Natural fibers in the building/construction sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 172. Applications of natural fibers in the building/construction sector.
• Table 173. Natural fibers in the sports and leisure sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 174. Natural fibers in the textiles sector- market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 175. Natural fibers in the packaging sector-market drivers, applications and challenges for NF use.
• Table 176. Global fiber production (million MT) 2020-2036.
• Table 177. Global Production Capacities by End-Use Market 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes total)
• Table 178. Processes for bioplastics in packaging.
• Table 179. Comparison of bioplastics’ (PLA and PHAs) properties to other common polymers used in product packaging.
• Table 180. Typical applications for bioplastics in flexible packaging.
• Table 181. Bio-based Polymers for Flexible Packaging — Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 182. Typical applications for bioplastics in rigid packaging.
• Table 183. Bio-based Polymers for Rigid Packaging — Production 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 184. Global production for bio-based polymers in consumer goods 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes.
• Table 185. Bio-based Polymers in Automotive and Transport 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 186. Bio-based Polymers in Building and Construction 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 187. Bio-based Polymers in Textiles and Fibres 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 188. Global production volumes for bio-based polymers in electronics 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes.
• Table 189. Bio-based Polymers in Agriculture and Horticulture 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 190. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in North America.
• Table 191. Bio-based Polymers in North America by Type 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 192. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Europe.
• Table 193. Bio-based Polymers in Europe by Type 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 194. Production volumes for bio-based polymers in Asia-Pacific by type 2019-2036, in 1,000 tonnes
• Table 195. Biobased and sustainable plastics producers in Latin America.
• Table 196. All bio-based polymers by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 197. Polylactic acid (PLA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 198. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 199. Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 200. Polybutylene succinate (PBS) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 201. Starch-containing polymer compounds (SCPC) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 202. Cellulose acetate (CA) by application segment 2019–2036 (1,000 tonnes)
• Table 203. Lactips plastic pellets.
• Table 204. Oji Holdings CNF products.

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Coca-Cola PlantBottle®.
• Figure 2. Interrelationship between conventional, bio-based and biodegradable plastics.
• Figure 3. PHA family.
• Figure 4. Types of natural fibers.
• Figure 5. Absolut natural based fiber bottle cap.
• Figure 6. Adidas algae-ink tees.
• Figure 7. Carlsberg natural fiber beer bottle.
• Figure 8. Miratex watch bands.
• Figure 9. Adidas Made with Nature Ultraboost 22.
• Figure 10. PUMA RE:SUEDE sneaker
• Figure 11. Luffa cylindrica fiber.
• Figure 12. Pineapple fiber.
• Figure 13. A bag made with pineapple biomaterial.
• Figure 14. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.
• Figure 15. Hemp fibers combined with PP in car door panel.
• Figure 16. Car door produced from Hemp fiber.
• Figure 17. Mercedes-Benz components containing natural fibers.
• Figure 18. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.
• Figure 19. Coir mats for erosion control.
• Figure 20. Global fiber production, by fiber type, million MT and %.
• Figure 21. PHA bioplastics products.
• Figure 22. Biodegradable mulch films.
• Figure 23. Pluumo.
• Figure 24. ANDRITZ Lignin Recovery process.
• Figure 25. Anpoly cellulose nanofiber hydrogel.
• Figure 26. MEDICELLU™.
• Figure 27. Asahi Kasei CNF fabric sheet.
• Figure 28. Properties of Asahi Kasei cellulose nanofiber nonwoven fabric.
• Figure 29. CNF nonwoven fabric.
• Figure 30. Roof frame made of natural fiber.
• Figure 31. Beyond Leather Materials product.
• Figure 32. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
• Figure 33. Reusable and recyclable foodservice cups, lids, and straws from Joinease Hong Kong Ltd., made with plant-based NuPlastiQ BioPolymer from BioLogiQ, Inc.
• Figure 34. Fiber-based screw cap.
• Figure 35: Celluforce production process.
• Figure 36: NCCTM Process.
• Figure 37: CNC produced at Tech Futures’ pilot plant; cloudy suspension (1 wt.%), gel-like (10 wt.%), flake-like crystals, and very fine powder. Product advantages include:
• Figure 38. formicobio™ technology.
• Figure 39. nanoforest-S.
• Figure 40. nanoforest-PDP.
• Figure 41. nanoforest-MB.
• Figure 42. sunliquid® production process.
• Figure 43. CuanSave film.
• Figure 44. Celish.
• Figure 45. Trunk lid incorporating CNF.
• Figure 46. ELLEX products.
• Figure 47. CNF-reinforced PP compounds.
• Figure 48. Kirekira! toilet wipes.
• Figure 49. Color CNF.
• Figure 50. Rheocrysta spray.
• Figure 51. DKS CNF products.
• Figure 52. Domsjo process.
• Figure 53. Mushroom leather.
• Figure 54. CNF based on citrus peel.
• Figure 55. Citrus cellulose nanofiber.
• Figure 56. Filler Bank CNC products.
• Figure 57. Fibers on kapok tree and after processing.
• Figure 58. TMP-Bio Process.
• Figure 59. Water-repellent cellulose.
• Figure 60. Cellulose Nanofiber (CNF) composite with polyethylene (PE).
• Figure 61. PHA production process.
• Figure 62. CNF products from Furukawa Electric.
• Figure 63. AVAPTM process.
• Figure 64. GreenPower+™ process.
• Figure 65. Cutlery samples (spoon, knife, fork) made of nano cellulose and biodegradable plastic composite materials.
• Figure 66. Non-aqueous CNF dispersion "Senaf" (Photo shows 5% of plasticizer).
• Figure 67. CNF gel.
• Figure 68. Block nanocellulose material.
• Figure 69. CNF products developed by Hokuetsu.
• Figure 70. Marine leather products.
• Figure 71. Inner Mettle Milk products.
• Figure 72. Kami Shoji CNF products.
• Figure 73. Dual Graft System.
• Figure 74. Engine cover utilizing Kao CNF composite resins.
• Figure 75. Acrylic resin blended with modified CNF (fluid) and its molded product (transparent film), and image obtained with AFM (CNF 10wt% blended).
• Figure 76. Kel Labs yarn.
• Figure 77. 0.3% aqueous dispersion of sulfated esterified CNF and dried transparent film (front side).
• Figure 78. Lignin gel.
• Figure 79. BioFlex process.
• Figure 80. Nike Algae Ink graphic tee.
• Figure 81. LX Process.
• Figure 82. Made of Air's HexChar panels.
• Figure 83. TransLeather.
• Figure 84. Chitin nanofiber product.
• Figure 85. Marusumi Paper cellulose nanofiber products.
• Figure 86. FibriMa cellulose nanofiber powder.
• Figure 87. METNIN™ Lignin refining technology.
• Figure 88. IPA synthesis method.
• Figure 89. MOGU-Wave panels.
• Figure 90. CNF slurries.
• Figure 91. Range of CNF products.
• Figure 92. Reishi.
• Figure 93. Compostable water pod.
• Figure 94. Leather made from leaves.
• Figure 95. Nike shoe with beLEAF™.
• Figure 96. CNF clear sheets.
• Figure 97. Oji Holdings CNF polycarbonate product.
• Figure 98. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.
• Figure 99. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.
• Figure 100. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.
• Figure 101. XCNF.
• Figure 102: Plantrose process.
• Figure 103. LOVR hemp leather.
• Figure 104. CNF insulation flat plates.
• Figure 105. Hansa lignin.
• Figure 106. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.
• Figure 107. Manufacturing process for STARCEL.
• Figure 108. 3D printed cellulose shoe.
• Figure 109. Lyocell process.
• Figure 110. North Face Spiber Moon Parka.
• Figure 111. PANGAIA LAB NXT GEN Hoodie.
• Figure 112. Spider silk production.
• Figure 113. Stora Enso lignin battery materials.
• Figure 114. 2 wt.％ CNF suspension.
• Figure 115. BiNFi-s Dry Powder.
• Figure 116. BiNFi-s Dry Powder and Propylene (PP) Complex Pellet.
• Figure 117. Silk nanofiber (right) and cocoon of raw material.
• Figure 118. Sulapac cosmetics containers.
• Figure 119. Sulzer equipment for PLA polymerization processing.
• Figure 120. Solid Novolac Type lignin modified phenolic resins.
• Figure 121. Teijin bioplastic film for door handles.
• Figure 122. Corbion FDCA production process.
• Figure 123. Comparison of weight reduction effect using CNF.
• Figure 124. CNF resin products.
• Figure 125. UPM biorefinery process.
• Figure 126. Vegea production process.
• Figure 127. The Proesa® Process.
• Figure 128. Goldilocks process and applications.
• Figure 129. Visolis’ Hybrid Bio-Thermocatalytic Process.
• Figure 130. HefCel-coated wood (left) and untreated wood (right) after 30 seconds flame test.
• Figure 131. Worn Again products.
• Figure 132. Zelfo Technology GmbH CNF production process.