Connected Aircraft Market - Global Connected Aircraft Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2023-2030 - (By Type Coverage, By Platform Coverage, By Connectivity Coverage, By Geographic Coverage and By Company)

Description

The global connected aircraft market is on a trajectory of significant expansion, with a projected valuation of US$20.6 billion by 2030, up from US$9.8 billion in 2022. Analysts anticipate a remarkable Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 11.2% during the period of 2023 to 2030, driven by key trends and determinants shaping the industry.

Key Market Trends Fueling Growth

Demand for Real-time Data Analytics and Passenger Experience Enhancement: The increasing demand for real-time data analytics and enhanced passenger experience emerges as a key trend driving the connected aircraft market growth. Airlines are investing in advanced technologies to cater to passenger expectations and improve operational efficiency.
Advancements in Satellite Communication Technology: Continuous advancements in satellite communication technology fuel the expansion of the connected aircraft market. These advancements enable seamless data sharing between aircraft and ground systems, enhancing connectivity and safety standards.
Focus on Digitization and Real-time Data Sharing: The industry is witnessing expansion due to increased focus on digitization and the need for real-time data sharing between aircraft and ground systems. This trend enhances operational efficiency and safety measures, driving market growth.

Key Growth Factors

In-Flight Connectivity Revolution: In-flight connectivity stands as a primary market driver, revolutionizing air travel by providing seamless internet access to passengers. The growing expectation of passengers for reliable internet access during flights propels airlines to invest in advanced satellite communication systems.
Operational Efficiency and Predictive Maintenance: Airlines adopt connected technologies to optimize flight operations, streamline maintenance processes, and improve overall efficiency. Predictive maintenance, enabled by IoT sensors and real-time data analytics, reduces downtime and operational costs significantly.
Enhanced Safety and Situational Awareness: Connected aircraft solutions significantly enhance safety and situational awareness for both pilots and ground control. Real-time data streaming enables predictive analytics, aiding in proactive risk mitigation and informed decision-making during flights.

Major Restraints

Regulatory Challenges and Compliance Burden: Stringent regulatory requirements pose challenges for implementing advanced connectivity solutions in aircraft. Navigating complex regulations imposed by aviation authorities worldwide becomes a significant hurdle for aviation companies.
Cybersecurity Concerns and Data Vulnerability: The sensitive nature of data transmitted and stored in connected aircraft systems raises cybersecurity concerns. Ensuring robust cybersecurity measures becomes imperative to safeguard critical flight data and operational details.

Key Trends and Opportunities

In-Flight Entertainment Evolution: The connected aircraft market witnesses a surge in innovative in-flight entertainment systems, offering advanced streaming services and interactive content to enhance passenger experiences.
IoT Integration and Predictive Maintenance: IoT integration leads to predictive maintenance, minimizing downtime and reducing operational costs. Predictive maintenance becomes a standard practice, ensuring optimal aircraft performance and safety.
Enhanced Passenger Connectivity: Passenger demand for seamless connectivity drives market growth, leading to advancements in satellite technology and high-speed Wi-Fi installations by airlines.

Regional Outlook

Asia Pacific: Responsible for 40% of global market revenue, Asia Pacific leads due to robust aviation sector growth and increasing investments in modernizing aircraft fleets.
North America: Emerges as highly lucrative with around 35% market share, driven by ongoing advancements in aviation technologies and demand for in-flight connectivity services.

Fairfield's Competitive Landscape Analysis

Innovation and differentiation will be key drivers in the competitive landscape. Companies offering unique solutions and integrating AI and machine learning algorithms into connected aircraft systems are likely to gain a competitive edge.

Leaders in Global Connected Aircraft Space

Anuvu
Cobham Plc
Thales Group
GOGO LLC
Panasonic Avionics Company
Honeywell International Inc.
BAE Systems PLC
Collins Aerospace
Kontron
ViaSat Inc.
Inmarsat Global Limited
Raytheon Inc
Eagle Entertainment Inc
Delta Air Lines
FlyExclusive

Connected Aircraft Market is Segmented as Below:

By Type :

Hardware
Software

By Platform:

Commercial
Business & General Aviation
Military
UAV
AAM

By Connectivity:

In-Flight
Air-To-Air
Air-To-Ground

By Geographic Coverage:

North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East & Africa

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Global Connected Aircraft Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value, 2022
1.5. Analyst Recommendations

2. Market Overview

2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
- 2.2.1. Drivers
- 2.2.2. Restraints
- 2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
2.5. Covid-19 Impact Analysis
- 2.5.1. Supply
- 2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Economic Overview
- 2.7.1. World Economic Projections
2.8. PESTLE Analysis

3. Global Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

3.1. Global Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type,Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 3.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 3.1.1.2. Software
3.2. Global Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 3.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 3.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 3.2.1.3. Military
  - 3.2.1.4. UAV
  - 3.2.1.5. AAM
3.3. Global Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 3.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 3.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 3.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
3.4. Global Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 3.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.4.1.1. North America
  - 3.4.1.2. Europe
  - 3.4.1.3. Asia Pacific
  - 3.4.1.4. Latin America
  - 3.4.1.5. Middle East & Africa

4. North America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

4.1. North America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 4.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 4.1.1.2. Software
4.2. North America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 4.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 4.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 4.2.1.3. Military
  - 4.2.1.4. UAV
  - 4.2.1.5. AAM
4.3. North America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 4.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 4.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 4.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
- 4.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
4.4. North America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 4.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.4.1.1. U.S. Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 4.4.1.2. U.S. Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 4.4.1.3. U.S. Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 4.4.1.4. Canada Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 4.4.1.5. Canada Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 4.4.1.6. Canada Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 4.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

5. Europe Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

5.1. Europe Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 5.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 5.1.1.2. Software
5.2. Europe Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 5.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 5.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 5.2.1.3. Military
  - 5.2.1.4. UAV
  - 5.2.1.5. AAM
5.3. Europe Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 5.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 5.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 5.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
- 5.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
5.4. Europe Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 5.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.4.1.1. Germany Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.2. Germany Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.3. Germany Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.4. U.K. Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.5. U.K. Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.6. U.K .Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.7. France Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.8. France Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.9. France Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.10. Italy Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.11. Italy Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.12. Italy Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.13. Turkey Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.14. Turkey Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.15. Turkey Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.16. Russia Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.17. Russia Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.18. Russia Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.19. Rest of Europe Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.20. Rest of Europe Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 5.4.1.21. Rest of Europe Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 5.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

6. Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

6.1. Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 6.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 6.1.1.2. Software
6.2. Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 6.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 6.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 6.2.1.3. Military
  - 6.2.1.4. UAV
  - 6.2.1.5. AAM
6.3. Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 6.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 6.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 6.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
- 6.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6.4. Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 6.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.4.1.1. China Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.2. China Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.3. China Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.4. Japan Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.5. Japan Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.6. Japan Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.7. South Korea Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.8. South Korea Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.9. South Korea Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.10. India Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.11. India Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.12. India Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.13. Southeast Asia Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.14. Southeast Asia Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.15. Southeast Asia Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.16. Rest of Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.17. Rest of Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 6.4.1.18. Rest of Asia Pacific Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 6.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

7. Latin America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

7.1. Latin America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 7.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 7.1.1.2. Software
7.2. Latin America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 7.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 7.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 7.2.1.3. Military
  - 7.2.1.4. UAV
  - 7.2.1.5. AAM
7.3. Latin America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 7.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 7.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 7.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
- 7.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7.4. Latin America Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 7.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.4.1.1. Brazil Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.2. Brazil Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.3. Brazil Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.4. Mexico Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.5. Mexico Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.6. Mexico Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.7. Argentina Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.8. Argentina Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.9. Argentina Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.10. Rest of Latin America Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.11. Rest of Latin America Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 7.4.1.12. Rest of Latin America Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 7.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, 2018 - 2030

8.1. Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 8.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.1.1.1. Hardware
  - 8.1.1.2. Software
8.2. Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 8.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.2.1.1. Commercial
  - 8.2.1.2. Business & General Aviation
  - 8.2.1.3. Military
  - 8.2.1.4. UAV
  - 8.2.1.5. AAM
8.3. Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 8.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.3.1.1. In-Flight
  - 8.3.1.2. Air-To-Air
  - 8.3.1.3. Air-To-Ground
- 8.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8.4. Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 8.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.4.1.1. GCC Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.2. GCC Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.3. GCC Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.4. South Africa Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.5. South Africa Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.6. South Africa Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.7. Egypt Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.8. Egypt Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.9. Egypt Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.10. Nigeria Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.11. Nigeria Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.12. Nigeria Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.13. Rest of Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market by Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.14. Rest of Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market, by Platform, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
  - 8.4.1.15. Rest of Middle East & Africa Connected Aircraft Market, by Connectivity, Value (US$ Bn), 2018 - 2030
- 8.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. Competitive Landscape

9.1. Connectivity vs ApplicationHeatmap
9.2. Manufacturer vsApplicationHeatmap
9.3. Company Market Share Analysis, 2022
9.4. Competitive Dashboard
9.5. Company Profiles
- 9.5.1. Anuvu
  - 9.5.1.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.1.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.1.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.2. Cobham Plc
  - 9.5.2.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.2.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.2.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.3. Thales Group
  - 9.5.3.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.3.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.3.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.4. GOGO LLC
  - 9.5.4.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.4.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.4.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.5. Panasonic Avionics Company
  - 9.5.5.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.5.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.5.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.6. Honeywell International Inc.
  - 9.5.6.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.6.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.6.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.7. BAE Systems PLC
  - 9.5.7.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.7.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.7.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.8. Collins Aerospace
  - 9.5.8.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.8.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.8.3. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.9. Kontron
  - 9.5.9.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.9.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.9.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.10. ViaSat Inc.
  - 9.5.10.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.10.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.10.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.11. Inmarsat Global Limited
  - 9.5.11.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.11.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.11.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.11.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.12. Raytheon Inc
  - 9.5.12.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.12.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.12.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.12.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.13. Eagle entertainment Inc
  - 9.5.13.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.13.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.13.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.13.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.14. Delta Air Lines
  - 9.5.14.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.14.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.14.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.14.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.15. FlyExclusive
  - 9.5.15.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.15.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.15.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.15.4. Business Strategies and Development

10. Appendix

10.1. Research Methodology
10.2. Report Assumptions
10.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations