Electric Construction Vehicles Market - Global Electric Construction Vehicles Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2032 - (By Propulsion Type, By Charging Type, By Product Type, By Geographic Coverage and By Company)

Description

The global Electric Construction Vehicles Market is entering a transformative growth phase as industries accelerate their shift toward sustainable, energy-efficient machinery. Valued at USD 12.7 billion in 2025, the landscape is projected to expand to USD 51.4 billion by 2032, registering an impressive CAGR of 22.1%. This notable momentum aligns with rising electrification trends, stringent emission norms, and the global commitment to greener construction fleet operations.

Market Insights

Demand for electric-powered construction machinery is rising steadily as construction companies, mining operators, and infrastructure developers prioritize cleaner technologies. Electrification across heavy machinery fleets, ranging from excavators to wheel loaders, is reshaping jobsite productivity by lowering fuel dependency, reducing noise, and minimizing operating costs.

The sector is gaining considerable traction through advancements in battery technology, charging infrastructure, high-capacity motors, and intelligent power management systems. Manufacturers are integrating telematics, automation capabilities, and digital monitoring features to optimize performance and extend equipment lifespan.

Additionally, governments worldwide are offering subsidies and incentives to fast-track electric machinery adoption, especially in urban infrastructure development, road construction, and industrial applications. As diesel restrictions tighten across major economies, electric construction vehicles are positioned as future-ready assets for contractors seeking long-term cost efficiency and compliance.

Drivers

Growing focus on carbon neutrality and eco-friendly construction practices is one of the major forces driving adoption. Strict emission standards from agencies such as the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Commission have strengthened the case for replacing diesel-powered machinery with electric alternatives.

Declining battery prices, expansion of lithium-ion production, and enhancements in battery density further support the mass deployment of electric vehicles across heavy construction applications. Reduced maintenance requirements compared to traditional internal combustion engines also contribute to increased fleet reliability.

Demand for autonomous and semi-autonomous construction machinery is also pushing companies toward electrification, as electric systems offer smoother compatibility with automation frameworks. The industry's commitment to digitalization and predictive maintenance technologies enhances the operational efficiency of electric models.

Business Opportunity

The transition toward zero-emission construction fleets presents vast opportunities for OEMs, component suppliers, battery manufacturers, and technology integrators. Equipment rental companies are emerging as key stakeholders due to rising customer interest in eco-friendly fleet options without heavy upfront investment.

Innovations in fast-charging systems, battery swapping mechanisms, and hydrogen-powered fuel cell vehicles are unlocking new revenue streams. Urbanization and megaproject developments in emerging economies create substantial demand for technologically advanced electric machinery capable of supporting large-scale infrastructure works.

Collaborations between construction companies, energy providers, and equipment manufacturers are expected to accelerate market penetration. As governments fund sustainable construction initiatives, the industry will witness growing deployment across roadwork, metro development, mining operations, residential and commercial construction.

Region Analysis

North America is projected to maintain strong momentum driven by federal clean energy policies, major infrastructure investments, and rapid adoption of electric heavy machinery across public and private projects. The U.S. is particularly active in integrating electric excavators, loaders, and forklifts across smart city, urban repair, and green construction projects.

Europe continues to lead in electrification initiatives due to strict environmental norms, carbon reduction targets, and advanced technology integration across the construction equipment sector. Adoption is notably strong in Nordic countries where renewable energy infrastructure supports widespread fast charging and battery swapping systems.

Asia Pacific emerges as the fastest-growing region, powered by large-scale construction activity, government electrification mandates, and significant contributions from China, Japan, and South Korea. China's major OEMs are pushing battery innovation and cost-efficient electric fleets, strengthening the region's dominance.

Latin America and the Middle East & Africa exhibit steady progress as infrastructure modernization, mining expansion, and foreign investments increase demand for efficient, low-emission construction machinery.

Key Players

Hitachi
Caterpillar
John Deere
Volvo CE
XCMG
CNH Industrial N.V.
Komatsu
SANY Group
Liebherr
Sandvik AB
Hyundai CE
JCB
Doosan Corporation

Segmentation

Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Segmentation

By Propulsion Type

Battery
Plug-in Hybrid
Fuel Cell
Hybrid

By Charging Type

Normal Charging
Fast Charging

By Product Type

Crawler Excavator
Wheel Loader
Mini Excavator
Dump Trucks
Telehandler
Forklift Truck
Miscellaneous

By Region

North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East & Africa

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Snapshot
1.2. Future Projections
1.3. Key Market Trends
1.4. Regional Snapshot, by Value, 2025
1.5. Analyst Recommendations

2. Market Overview

2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
- 2.2.1. Drivers
- 2.2.2. Restraints
- 2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Value Chain Analysis
2.4. Porter's Five Forces Analysis
2.5. Covid-19 Impact Analysis
- 2.5.1. Supply
- 2.5.2. Demand
2.6. Impact of Ukraine-Russia Conflict
2.7. Global Construction Equipment Market - Overview
2.8. Economic Overview
- 2.8.1. World Economic Projections
2.9. PESTLE Analysis

3. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

3.1. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 3.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.1.1.1. Battery
  - 3.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 3.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 3.1.1.4. Hybrid
3.2. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 3.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 3.2.1.2. Fast Charging
3.3. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 3.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 3.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 3.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 3.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 3.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 3.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 3.3.1.7. Misc.
3.4. Global Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 3.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 3.4.1.1. North America
  - 3.4.1.2. Europe
  - 3.4.1.3. Asia Pacific
  - 3.4.1.4. Latin America
  - 3.4.1.5. Middle East & Africa

4. North America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

4.1. North America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 4.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.1.1.1. Battery
  - 4.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 4.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 4.1.1.4. Hybrid
4.2. North America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 4.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 4.2.1.2. Fast Charging
4.3. North America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 4.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 4.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 4.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 4.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 4.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 4.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 4.3.1.7. Misc.
- 4.3.2. Market Attractiveness Analysis
4.4. North America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 4.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 4.4.1.1. U.S. Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.1.2. U.S. Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.1.3. U.S. Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.1.4. Canada Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.1.5. Canada Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.1.6. Canada Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 4.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

5. Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

5.1. Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.1.1.1. Battery
  - 5.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 5.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 5.1.1.4. Hybrid
5.2. Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 5.2.1.2. Fast Charging
5.3. Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 5.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 5.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 5.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 5.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 5.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 5.3.1.7. Misc.
- 5.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
5.4. Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 5.4.1.1. Germany Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.2. Germany Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.3. Germany Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.4. U.K. Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.5. U.K. Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.6. U.K. Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.7. France Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.8. France Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.9. France Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.10. Italy Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.11. Italy Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.12. Italy Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.13. Turkey Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.14. Turkey Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.15. Turkey Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.16. Russia Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.17. Russia Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.18. Russia Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.19. Rest of Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.20. Rest of Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.1.21. Rest of Europe Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

6. Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

6.1. Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.1.1.1. Battery
  - 6.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 6.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 6.1.1.4. Hybrid
6.2. Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 6.2.1.2. Fast Charging
6.3. Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 6.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 6.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 6.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 6.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 6.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 6.3.1.7. Misc.
- 6.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
6.4. Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 6.4.1.1. China Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.2. China Electric Construction Vehicles Market Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.3. China Electric Construction Vehicles Market Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.4. Japan Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.5. Japan Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.6. Japan Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.7. South Korea Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.8. South Korea Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.9. South Korea Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.10. India Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.11. India Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.12. India Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.13. Southeast Asia Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.14. Southeast Asia Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.15. Southeast Asia Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.16. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.17. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.1.18. Rest of Asia Pacific Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

7. Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

7.1. Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 7.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.1.1.1. Battery
  - 7.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 7.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 7.1.1.4. Hybrid
7.2. Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 7.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 7.2.1.2. Fast Charging
7.3. Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 7.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 7.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 7.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 7.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 7.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 7.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 7.3.1.7. Misc.
- 7.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
7.4. Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 7.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 7.4.1.1. Brazil Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.2. Brazil Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.3. Brazil Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.4. Mexico Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.5. Mexico Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.6. Mexico Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.7. Rest of Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.8. Rest of Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.1.9. Rest of Latin America Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 7.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

8. Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, 2019-2032

8.1. Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 8.1.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.1.1.1. Battery
  - 8.1.1.2. Plug-in Hybrid
  - 8.1.1.3. Fuel Cell
  - 8.1.1.4. Hybrid
8.2. Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 8.2.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.2.1.1. Normal Charging
  - 8.2.1.2. Fast Charging
8.3. Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 8.3.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.3.1.1. Crawler Excavator
  - 8.3.1.2. Wheel Loader
  - 8.3.1.3. Mini Excavator
  - 8.3.1.4. Dump Trucks
  - 8.3.1.5. Telehandler
  - 8.3.1.6. Forklift Truck
  - 8.3.1.7. Misc.
- 8.3.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis
8.4. Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 8.4.1. Key Highlights
  - 8.4.1.1. GCC Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.2. GCC Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.3. GCC Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.4. South Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.5. South Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.6. South Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.7. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Product, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.8. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Propulsion Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 8.4.1.9. Rest of Middle East & Africa Electric Construction Vehicles Market by Charging Type, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 8.4.2. BPS Analysis/Market Attractiveness Analysis

9. Competitive Landscape

9.1. Product vs Application Heatmap
9.2. Manufacturer vs Application Heatmap
9.3. Company Market Share Analysis, 2025
9.4. Competitive Dashboard
9.5. Company Profiles
- 9.5.1. Hitachi
  - 9.5.1.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.1.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.1.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.1.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.2. Caterpillar
  - 9.5.2.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.2.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.2.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.2.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.3. JCB
  - 9.5.3.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.3.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.3.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.3.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.4. John Deere
  - 9.5.4.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.4.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.4.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.4.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.5. Volvo CE
  - 9.5.5.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.5.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.5.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.5.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.6. XCMG
  - 9.5.6.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.6.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.6.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.6.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.7. CNH Industrial N.V.
  - 9.5.7.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.7.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.7.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.7.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.8. Komatsu
  - 9.5.8.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.8.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.8.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.8.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.9. Hyundai CE
  - 9.5.9.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.9.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.9.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.9.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.10. SANY Group
  - 9.5.10.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.10.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.10.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.10.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.11. Liebherr
  - 9.5.11.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.11.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.11.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.11.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.12. Sandvik AB
  - 9.5.12.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.12.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.12.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.12.4. Business Strategies and Development
- 9.5.13. Doosan Corporation
  - 9.5.13.1. Company Overview
  - 9.5.13.2. Product Portfolio
  - 9.5.13.3. Financial Overview
  - 9.5.13.4. Business Strategies and Development

10. Appendix

10.1. Research Methodology
10.2. Report Assumptions
10.3. Acronyms and Abbreviations