Europe Work Order Management Systems Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis Report By Organization Size (Large Enterprise, and Small & Medium Enterprise ), By Component, By Deployment Mode, By End Use, By Country and Growth Forecast, 2025

List of Tables

The Europe Work Order Management Systems Market would witness market growth of 7.6% CAGR during the forecast period (2025-2032).

The Germany market dominated the Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Country in 2024, and would continue to be a dominant market till 2032; thereby, achieving a market value of $72.6 million by 2032. The UK market is exhibiting a CAGR of 6.6% during (2025 - 2032). Additionally, The France market would experience a CAGR of 8.4% during (2025 - 2032).

Work order management systems find applications across a diverse range of industries, each leveraging the technology to address specific operational needs. In the manufacturing sector, these systems are used to manage production line maintenance, equipment repairs, and quality control processes. By automating work order creation and tracking, manufacturers can minimize equipment downtime, ensure timely maintenance, and maintain consistent production schedules.

In the energy and utilities sector, WOMS are employed to oversee maintenance of critical infrastructure, such as power grids, water treatment facilities, and renewable energy installations. These systems enable utilities to schedule preventive maintenance, monitor asset performance, and respond swiftly to service disruptions. The healthcare and life sciences industry utilizes WOMS to manage facility maintenance, medical equipment servicing, and compliance with stringent regulatory standards, ensuring uninterrupted operations in hospitals and laboratories.

This market in Europe is experiencing significant growth, driven by increasing digital transformation initiatives across various industries such as manufacturing, utilities, transportation, and facility management. European organizations are increasingly recognizing the importance of efficient work order management to enhance operational productivity, reduce downtime, and improve resource allocation. The growing adoption of Internet of Things (IoT) devices and automation technologies is fueling the demand for advanced work order management solutions that offer real-time tracking, predictive maintenance, and seamless integration with enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Emerging trends in the European WOMS market include the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) to optimize scheduling, prioritize critical tasks, and predict potential equipment failures. Thus, Europe's Work Order Management Systems market continues to advance with strong emphasis on sustainability, regulatory compliance, and Industry 4.0 integration.

Based on Organization Size, the market is segmented into Large Enterprise, and Small & Medium Enterprise (SME). Based on Component, the market is segmented into Solution, and Services. Based on Deployment Mode, the market is segmented into Cloud, and On-premises. Based on End Use, the market is segmented into Manufacturing, Transportation & Logistics, Energy & Utilities, Construction & Real Estate, Consumer Goods & Retail, Telecom and IT, Healthcare & Life Sciences, BFSI, and Other End Use. Based on countries, the market is segmented into Germany, UK, France, Russia, Spain, Italy, and Rest of Europe.

List of Key Companies Profiled

Salesforce, Inc.
IBM Corporation
Microsoft Corporation
Oracle Corporation
SAP SE
Infor, Inc. (Koch Industries)
ServiceNow, Inc.
UpKeep Technologies, Inc.
Lula Smarter Property Maintenance, Inc.
PTC, Inc.

Europe Work Order Management Systems Market Report Segmentation

By Organization Size

Large Enterprise
Small & Medium Enterprise (SME)

By Component

Solution
Services

By Deployment Mode

Cloud
On-premises

By End Use

Manufacturing
Transportation & Logistics
Energy & Utilities
Construction & Real Estate
Consumer Goods & Retail
Telecom and IT
Healthcare & Life Sciences
BFSI
Other End Use

By Country

Germany
UK
France
Russia
Spain
Italy
Rest of Europe

Chapter 1. Market Scope & Methodology

1.1 Market Definition
1.2 Objectives
1.3 Market Scope
1.4 Segmentation
- 1.4.1 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, by Organization Size
- 1.4.2 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, by Component
- 1.4.3 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, by Deployment Mode
- 1.4.4 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, by End Use
- 1.4.5 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, by Country
1.5 Methodology for the research

Chapter 2. Market at a Glance

2.1 Key Highlights

Chapter 3. Market Overview

3.1 Introduction
- 3.1.1 Overview
  - 3.1.1.1 Market Composition and Scenario
3.2 Key Factors Impacting the Market
- 3.2.1 Market Drivers
- 3.2.2 Market Restraints
- 3.2.3 Opportunities
- 3.2.4 Market Challenges

Chapter 4. Competition Analysis - Global

4.1 Market Share Analysis, 2024
4.2 Porter Five Forces Analysis

Chapter 5. Value Chain Analysis of Work Order Management Systems Market

5.1 Research and Development (R&D)
5.2 Software Development and Customization
5.3 Manufacturing and Packaging (for On-premise Solutions)
5.4 Distribution and Sales
5.5 Installation and Integration
5.6 Training and Support
5.7 Operations and Maintenance
5.8 Analytics and Optimization
5.9 Customer Feedback and Continuous Improvement

Chapter 6. Key Customer Criteria of Work Order Management Systems Market

6.1 Ease of Use / User-Friendly Interface
6.2 Integration Capabilities
6.3 Customization & Flexibility
6.4 Mobile Accessibility
6.5 Real-time Tracking & Reporting
6.6 Automation Features
6.7 Scalability
6.8 Cost / Pricing Structure
6.9 Customer Support & Training
6.10. Security & Compliance

Chapter 7. Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size

7.1 Europe Large Enterprise Market by Country
7.2 Europe Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Market by Country

Chapter 8. Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component

8.1 Europe Solution Market by Country
8.2 Europe Services Market by Country

Chapter 9. Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode

9.1 Europe Cloud Market by Country
9.2 Europe On-premises Market by Country

Chapter 10. Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use

10.1 Europe Manufacturing Market by Country
10.2 Europe Transportation & Logistics Market by Country
10.3 Europe Energy & Utilities Market by Country
10.4 Europe Construction & Real Estate Market by Country
10.5 Europe Consumer Goods & Retail Market by Country
10.6 Europe Telecom and IT Market by Country
10.7 Europe Healthcare & Life Sciences Market by Country
10.8 Europe BFSI Market by Country
10.9 Europe Other End Use Market by Country

Chapter 11. Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Country

11.1 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.1.1 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.1.2 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.1.3 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.1.4 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.2 UK Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.2.1 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.2.2 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.2.3 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.2.4 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.3 France Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.3.1 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.3.2 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.3.3 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.3.4 France Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.4 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.4.1 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.4.2 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.4.3 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.4.4 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.5 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.5.1 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.5.2 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.5.3 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.5.4 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.6 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.6.1 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.6.2 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.6.3 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.6.4 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use
11.7 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market
- 11.7.1 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size
- 11.7.2 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component
- 11.7.3 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode
- 11.7.4 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use

Chapter 12. Company Profiles

12.1 Salesforce, Inc.
- 12.1.1 Company Overview
- 12.1.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.1.3 Regional Analysis
- 12.1.4 Research & Development Expenses
- 12.1.5 Recent strategies and developments:
  - 12.1.5.1 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
- 12.1.6 SWOT Analysis
12.2 IBM Corporation
- 12.2.1 Company Overview
- 12.2.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.2.3 Regional & Segmental Analysis
- 12.2.4 Research & Development Expenses
- 12.2.5 SWOT Analysis
12.3 Microsoft Corporation
- 12.3.1 Company Overview
- 12.3.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.3.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
- 12.3.4 Research & Development Expenses
- 12.3.5 Recent strategies and developments:
  - 12.3.5.1 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
- 12.3.6 SWOT Analysis
12.4 Oracle Corporation
- 12.4.1 Company Overview
- 12.4.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.4.3 Segmental and Regional Analysis
- 12.4.4 Research & Development Expense
- 12.4.5 SWOT Analysis
12.5 SAP SE
- 12.5.1 Company Overview
- 12.5.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.5.3 Regional Analysis
- 12.5.4 Research & Development Expense
- 12.5.5 SWOT Analysis
12.6 Infor, Inc. (Koch Industries)
- 12.6.1 Company Overview
- 12.6.2 SWOT Analysis
12.7 ServiceNow, Inc.
- 12.7.1 Company Overview
- 12.7.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.7.3 Regional Analysis
- 12.7.4 Research & Development Expenses
- 12.7.5 SWOT Analysis
12.8 UpKeep Technologies, Inc.
- 12.8.1 Company Overview
12.9 Lula Smarter Property Maintenance, Inc.
- 12.9.1 Company Overview
- 12.9.2 Recent strategies and developments:
  - 12.9.2.1 Product Launches and Product Expansions:
12.10. PTC, Inc.
- 12.10.1 Company Overview
- 12.10.2 Financial Analysis
- 12.10.3 Regional Analysis
- 12.10.4 Research & Development Expenses
- 12.10.5 SWOT Analysis

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE 1 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 2 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 3 Key Customer Criteria of Work Order Management Systems Market
TABLE 4 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 5 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 6 Europe Large Enterprise Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 7 Europe Large Enterprise Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 8 Europe Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 9 Europe Small & Medium Enterprise (SME) Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 10 Comparison of Key Attributes
TABLE 11 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 12 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 13 Europe Solution Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 14 Europe Solution Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 15 Europe Services Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 16 Europe Services Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 17 Comparison of Key Attributes
TABLE 18 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 19 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 20 Europe Cloud Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 21 Europe Cloud Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 22 Europe On-premises Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 23 Europe On-premises Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 24 Comparison of Key Attributes
TABLE 25 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 26 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 27 Europe Manufacturing Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 28 Europe Manufacturing Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 29 Europe Transportation & Logistics Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 30 Europe Transportation & Logistics Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 31 Europe Energy & Utilities Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 32 Europe Energy & Utilities Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 33 Europe Construction & Real Estate Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 34 Europe Construction & Real Estate Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 35 Europe Consumer Goods & Retail Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 36 Europe Consumer Goods & Retail Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 37 Europe Telecom and IT Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 38 Europe Telecom and IT Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 39 Europe Healthcare & Life Sciences Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 40 Europe Healthcare & Life Sciences Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 41 Europe BFSI Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 42 Europe BFSI Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 43 Europe Other End Use Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 44 Europe Other End Use Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 45 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Country, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 46 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Country, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 47 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 48 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 49 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 50 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 51 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 52 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 53 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 54 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 55 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 56 Germany Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 57 UK Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 58 UK Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 59 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 60 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 61 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 62 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 63 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 64 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 65 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 66 UK Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 67 France Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 68 France Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 69 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 70 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 71 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 72 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 73 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 74 France Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 75 France Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 76 France Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 77 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 78 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 79 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 80 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 81 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 82 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 83 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 84 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 85 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 86 Russia Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 87 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 88 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 89 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 90 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 91 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 92 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 93 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 94 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 95 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 96 Spain Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 97 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 98 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 99 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 100 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 101 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 102 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 103 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 104 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 105 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 106 Italy Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 107 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 108 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 109 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 110 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 111 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 112 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 113 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 114 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 115 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2024, USD Million
TABLE 116 Rest of Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2025 - 2032, USD Million
TABLE 117 Key Information - Salesforce, Inc.
TABLE 118 Key Information - IBM Corporation
TABLE 119 Key Information - Microsoft Corporation
TABLE 120 Key Information - Oracle Corporation
TABLE 121 Key Information - SAP SE
TABLE 122 Key Information - Infor, Inc.
TABLE 123 Key Information - ServiceNow, Inc.
TABLE 124 Key Information - UpKeep Technologies, Inc.
TABLE 125 Key Information - Lula Smarter Property Maintenance, Inc.
TABLE 126 key Information - PTC, Inc.

LIST OF FIGURES

FIG 1 Methodology for the research
FIG 2 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market, 2021 - 2032 USD Million
FIG 3 Key Factors Impacting Work Order Management Systems Market
FIG 4 Market Share Analysis, 2024
FIG 5 Porter's Five Forces Analysis - Work Order Management Systems Market
FIG 6 Value Chain Analysis of Work Order Management Systems Market
FIG 7 Key Customer Criteria of Work Order Management Systems Market
FIG 8 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Organization Size, 2024
FIG 9 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Organization Size, 2032
FIG 10 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Organization Size, 2021 - 2032, USD Million
FIG 11 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Component, 2024
FIG 12 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Component, 2032
FIG 13 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Component, 2021 - 2032, USD Million
FIG 14 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Deployment Mode, 2024
FIG 15 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Deployment Mode, 2032
FIG 16 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Deployment Mode, 2021 - 2032, USD Million
FIG 17 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by End Use, 2024
FIG 18 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by End Use, 2032
FIG 19 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by End Use, 2021 - 2032, USD Million
FIG 20 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Country, 2024
FIG 21 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market share by Country, 2032
FIG 22 Europe Work Order Management Systems Market by Country, 2021 - 2032, USD Million
FIG 23 SWOT Analysis: Salesforce, Inc.
FIG 24 SWOT Analysis: IBM Corporation
FIG 25 SWOT Analysis: Microsoft Corporation
FIG 26 SWOT Analysis: Oracle Corporation
FIG 27 SWOT Analysis: SAP SE
FIG 28 SWOT Analysis: Infor, Inc.
FIG 29 SWOT Analysis: ServiceNow, Inc.
FIG 30 Swot Analysis: PTC, Inc.

Europe Work Order Management Systems Market Size, Share & Industry Analysis Report By Organization Size (Large Enterprise, and Small & Medium Enterprise ), By Component, By Deployment Mode, By End Use, By Country and Growth Forecast, 2025 - 2032

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