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Drug Regulation

PUBLISHER: Kalorama Information | PRODUCT CODE: 1309747

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PUBLISHER: Kalorama Information | PRODUCT CODE: 1309747

Out of Pocket Spending in Healthcare, (Pharmaceuticals, Surgeries, Tests, Electives, Premiums, Copays, Doctor Visits, Other), 6th Edition

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Description

Table of Contents

This report estimates U.S. consumer out-of-pocket spending on healthcare, particularly direct payments to providers and financed payments between 2020-2028.

A variety of demographic, business, and government trends are contributing to rising out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare expenses in the United States. “Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in the United States, 6th Edition” examines these trends in detail, focusing on the financial aspects of OOP spending growth and quantifying the growth of OOP spending with forecasts of total expenditures and specialized healthcare financing.

Total Expenditures

The report examines past, current, and future levels of U.S. out-of-pocket healthcare expenditures both in total and as specific sub-groups (by type, by payment method, by elective vs. non-elective). Through the next five years, total consumer out-of-pocket expenditures for healthcare are expected to continue rising, with trends established over the past several years continuing through the foreseeable future. While the Covid pandemic of 2020 and 2021 caused a temporary pullback in consumer out-of-pocket healthcare spending, the historic trend resumed in 2022 and is expected to continue through the five year forecast period of this report.

The report presents the following data points:

  • Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures 2018-2028, in $ Billion
  • How Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenses Are Financed in 2022 (%) (Credit Cards, Cash or Check, FSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit, Healthcare Financing, HSAs)
  • Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing 2018-2028, in $ Billion

Types and Amounts of Expenses Financed

In 2023, U.S. consumers financed many different types of healthcare expenses. These can broadly be grouped into two categories: elective procedures including over-the-counter (OTC) medications and non-elective procedures including prescription drugs. These types of procedures are distinct, and discussed separately within the report.

Elective procedures are those that are not strictly necessary to address a medical condition. They are thus not covered by medical insurance and their utilization is discretionary on the part of the consumer. The amount of non-elective healthcare and prescription drug expenses financed by individual consumers varies widely, although a very large proportion of consumers must finance some expenditures. The report provides the following data:

  • Methods of Financing Elective Procedures, 2022 (Credit Cards, Cash or Check, Healthcare Financing Programs, Loans or Lines of Credit)
  • Average Share of Non-Elective Healthcare Expenses Paid Out-of-Pocket by Percentile of Total Health Spending, 2020
  • Average Share of Non-Elective Healthcare Expenses Paid Out-of-Pocket by Type of Service, 2020 (Hospital, Outpatient, Office Based Visit, Prescription Drugs, Emergency Room, Dental, Home Health, Vision, Other Health Care)
  • Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending for the Average Person, 2020 (Hospital, Outpatient, Office Based Visit, Prescription Drugs, Emergency Room, Dental, Vision, Other Health Care)
  • Drug Cost Coverage by Payor Type (Public, Private, Cash) 1965, 1985, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2020

Consumers Who Pay Out-Of-Pocket

Consumers from all socioeconomic groups are facing high out-of-pocket expenditures for healthcare. Certain groups are more vulnerable than others to having trouble paying their medical bills and represent a larger proportion of this spending. These include the uninsured and underinsured, Medicaid recipients, disabled persons, senior citizens, the mentally ill, obese persons, people suffering from drug or alcohol addiction, persons with chronic medical conditions. “Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in the United States, 6th Edition” provides the following related information:

  • Size of High Risk Groups for Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures, 2018-2028, in Millions of Persons (The Uninsured & Under-insured, Medicaid Recipients, The Disabled, Senior Citizens, The Mentally Ill, The Obese, Persons with Drug or Alcohol Addictions, Persons with Chronic Conditions)
  • Comparative Sizes of High Risk Groups for Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures, 2018-2028, in Millions of Persons (The Uninsured & Under-insured, Medicaid Recipients, The Disabled, Senior Citizens, The Mentally Ill, The Obese, Persons with Drug or Alcohol Addictions, Persons with Chronic Conditions)
  • Proportion of Adults under Age 65 with Chronic Conditions, 2023 (Privately Insured, Medicare or Medicaid, Uninsured, Other)

Expenditures by Type, Payment Methods, Elective vs. Non-Elective Procedures

Consumers in the United States utilize a variety of methods to pay for healthcare products and services, required in instances when payment is not made directly from a healthcare plan to the provider. The report examines expenditure by type, including direct payments and co-pays, and illustrates that the amount of out-of-pocket expenditures financed by consumers in the coming years will vary considerably between elective and non-elective procedures.

Featured data include:

  • Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures by Type 2018-2028, in $ Billion (Direct Payments, Co-pays, Total, Change [%])
  • Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending by Type of Healthcare Expenditure, 2015, 2020, 2025 (Direct Payments, Co-pays)
  • Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditure by Payment Type, 2018-2028, in $ Billion (Credit Cards, Cash or Check, FSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit, Healthcare Financing Programs, HSAs, Total, Change [%])
  • Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures by Payment Type, 2018, 2023, 2028 (Credit Cards, Cash or Check, FSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit, Healthcare Financing Programs, HSAs)
  • Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective vs. Non-Elective Procedures, 2018-2028, in $ Billion (Elective, Non-Elective)
  • Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective Procedures That Are Financed, by Payment Type, 2018-2028, in $ Billion (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed, Total, Change [%])
  • Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Elective Procedures That Are Financed (All Methods), 2018, 2023, 2028 (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed)
  • Change in Amount of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-Elective Procedures That Are Financed, 2018-2028, in $ Billion (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed, Total, Change [%])
  • Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Non-Elective Procedures That Are Financed (All Methods), 2018, 2023, 2028 (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed)
  • Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Spending on Non-Elective Procedures for the Average Person, 2017 (Ill-defined conditions, Circulatory, Musculoskeletal, Respiratory, Endocrine, Nervous system, Cancers, Injury, Genitourinary, Digestive, Mental Illness, Other, Infectious diseases, Pregnancy and childbirth, Dermatological)

Market Drivers and Restraints

The strong growth in U.S. out-of-pocket spending is the result of a preponderance of market drivers, which are mitigated by relatively few market restraints. The report shows leading drivers and restraints of consumer out-of-pocket healthcare spending, in order of strength, across the market:

  • Drivers & Restraints of the Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending Market
  • Drivers & Restraints of Direct Pay and Co-Pay Expenditures
  • Drivers & Restraints of Credit Cards, Cash/Check, FSA, Loan/Line of Credit, Healthcare Financing Program and HSA Expenditures
  • Drivers & Restraints of Elective Procedure Out-of-Pocket Expenditures
  • Drivers & Restraints of Non-Elective Procedure Out-of-Pocket Expenditures
  • Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing
  • Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing for Elective Procedures
  • Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing for Non-Elective Procedures

Company Profiles

A large number of companies help consumers pay their out-of-pocket medical expenses and/or significantly influence those expenses. Most companies that provide patient financing focus on funding elective procedures, with a smaller number offering financing for non-elective therapies and providing other financial services. While companies participating in the credit card, and lines/lines of credit segment are numerous and do not specialize in healthcare products, the companies operating in the specialized healthcare financing are highly focused on financing medical and dental expenses. In general, the market is very dynamic, with many players entering and exiting. “Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures in the United States, 6th Edition” provides profiles of players in the market, noting history and lines of business, financial information, and relevant business operations.

The companies profiled include:

  • Ally
  • Aurora Quick Care
  • CareCredit
  • CareSpot
  • ClearBalance
  • ClearGage
  • Concentra
  • Denefits
  • E-Financing Solutions
  • FastMed
  • Lending Club Patient Solutions
  • LendingUSA
  • MinuteClinic
  • NextCare
  • PatientFi
  • Prosper Healthcare Lending
  • RediClinic/Rite Aid Virtual Care
  • SimpleSelect Patient Finance
  • Wells Fargo
Show more
Product Code: 23-026

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Executive Summary

  • Out-of-Pocket Expenditures in the U.S. Healthcare Industry
  • Scope and Methodology
  • Out-of-Pocket Spending Summary
    • Figure 1-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Table 1-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending Market Drivers and Restraints, 2023
    • Figure 1-2: How Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenses Are Financed in 2022, by Type Used (Cash or Check, Credit Cards, FSAs, Health Care Financing Programs, HSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit) (%)
    • Figure 1-3: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing 2018-2028, ($ Billion)

Chapter 2: The U.S. Healthcare System in 2023

  • Healthcare System Overview
  • Background
  • Public Healthcare
  • Medicare
  • Medicaid
  • Veteran's Administration
  • Children's Health Insurance Program
  • Private Healthcare
  • Commercial Health Insurers
  • Blue Cross Blue Shield Plans
  • HMOs
  • Self-Funded Employee Health Plans
  • On Demand Healthcare
  • Urgent Care Centers
  • Retail Clinics
  • Other Healthcare Venues
  • Insufficient Focus on Wellness and Prevention
  • Cost Issues
  • U.S. Healthcare Spending
    • Table 2-1: Percent of U.S. National Healthcare Spending by Category (Hospital Care, Physician and Clinical Services, Prescription Drugs, Clinical Services, Nursing Care Facilities, Home Healthcare), 2021
  • Effects of Covid
  • U.S. Costs vs. Peer Country Costs
    • Figure 2-1: Percent of GDP Spent on Health by OECD Member, 1980-2021
  • High Cost Variation by City and Venue
  • Healthcare Inflation
  • Managed Care Cost Shifting
  • Effects on Consumers
  • Balance Bills
  • No Surprises Act of 2020
  • Prior Plan Approval
  • Staffing Shortages
  • Physician Shortages
  • System Errors and Inefficiencies
  • The Effect of the Economy
    • Table 2-2: Key U.S. Economic Strength Measures, April 2023 vs. April 2022
  • Inflation
  • Widening Wage Gap
  • Reduced Savings Rate
  • Discontinued Stimulus Payments
  • Replacement of Workers by Technology
  • Forecasts
  • Disease Management and Wellness Programs
  • Regulation
    • Table 2-3: Selected U.S. Federal and State Healthcare Oversight Bodies, 2023
  • Reimbursement Challenges
  • MACRA and Value Based Reimbursement
  • Payment for Approved Assays
  • Consumer Healthcare Information
  • Consumer Information Online
  • DTC Ad Spending
  • Personal Health Records (PHRs)
  • Lower Cost Medications
  • Generic Drugs
  • Private-Label OTC Medications
  • Rx-to-OTC Switches
  • Affordable Care Act
  • Individual Mandate Repeal
  • Association Health Plans
  • Short Term Limited Duration Insurance (STLDI)
  • Impact of the ACA on Out-of-pocket Expenditures
  • Impact of Covid
  • Diagnostic Tests
  • Vaccines
  • Sick Care
  • Life Expectancy

Chapter 3: U.S. Out-of-Pocket Expenditures

  • Types of Expenditures
  • Insurance Co-Payments
  • Direct Payments
  • High Deductible Health Plans
  • Premiums and Plan Fees
  • Payment Methods
  • Cash, Check or Money Transfer
  • Credit Cards
  • Loans and Lines of Credit
  • Medical Financing
  • Flexible Spending Accounts
  • Health Savings Accounts
  • Types and Amounts of Expenses Financed
  • Elective Procedures and OTC Medications
    • Figure 3-1: Methods of Financing Elective Procedures, by Method (Cash or Check, Credit Cards, Healthcare Financing Programs, Loans or Lines of Credit), 2022 (%)
  • Non-Elective Procedures and Prescription Drugs
    • Figure 3- 2: Average Share of Non-Elective Healthcare Expenses Paid Out-of-Pocket by Percentile of Total Health Spending, 2020 (%)
    • Figure 3-3: Average Share of Non-Elective Healthcare Expenses Paid Out-of-Pocket by Type of Service (Dental, Emergency Room, Home Health, Hospital, Office Based Visit, Outpatient, Other Health Care, Prescription Drugs, Vision), 2020 (%)
    • Figure 3-4: Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Spending for the Average U.S. Person, by Type (Dental, Emergency Room, Home Health, Hospital, Office Based Visit, Outpatient, Other Health Care, Prescription Drugs, Vision), 2020 (%)
    • Figure 3-5: Drug Cost Coverage, by Payor Type (Public, Private, Cash), 1965, 1985, 2000, 2005, 2010, 2020 (%)
  • Consumers Who Pay Out-Of-Pocket
    • Table 3-1: Size of High Risk Groups for Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures, (The Disabled, Medicaid Recipients, The Mentally Ill, Millennials, The Obese, Persons with Chronic Conditions, Persons with Drug or Alcohol Addictions, Senior Citizens, The Uninsured & Under-insured), 2018-2028 (Millions of Persons)
    • Figure 3-6: Comparative Sizes of High Risk Groups for Out-of-Pocket Healthcare Expenditures, by Group (The Disabled, Medicaid Recipients, The Mentally Ill, Millennials, The Obese, Persons with Chronic Conditions, Persons with Drug or Alcohol Addictions, Senior Citizens, The Uninsured & Under-insured), 2018-2028 (Millions of Persons)
  • The Uninsured and Underinsured
  • The Uninsured
    • Figure 3-7: Percentage Distribution of Working Age Adults Who Were Uninsured for One or More Years, by Age (19-34, 35-49, 50-64), Race (Black, Latino/Hispanic, White), Income (<200% FPL, 200% FPL+), Health Status (Sicker, Not Sticker) and Region (Northeast, Midwest, South, West), 2022 (%)
  • The Underinsured
    • Figure 3-8: Percentage Distribution of Working Age Adults Who Were Underinsured for One or More Years, by Income (<200% FPL, 200% FPL) and Health Status (Sicker, Not Sicker), 2022 (%)
  • Medicaid Recipients
  • The Disabled
  • Disabled Veterans
  • Millennials
  • Senior Citizens
  • The Mentally Ill
  • The Obese
  • Persons with Alcohol and Drug Addictions
  • Persons with Chronic Conditions
    • Figure 3-9: Proportion of Adults Under Age 65 With Chronic Conditions, by Insurance Type (Medicare or Medicaid, Privately Insured, Uninsured, Other), 2023 (%)

Chapter 4: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending Forecasts in the U.S.

  • Forecasts
  • Total Expenditures
    • Table 4-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-1: Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 4-2: Drivers & Restraints of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2023
  • Expenditures by Type
    • Table 4-2: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, by Type (Co-Pays, Direct Payments), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-3: Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, by Type (Co-Pays, Direct Payments), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-4: Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending, by Type of Healthcare Expenditure (Co-Pays, Direct Payments), 2018, 2023, 2028 (%)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 4-5: Drivers & Restraints of Direct Pay and Co-Pay Expenditures, 2023
  • Payment Methods
    • Table 4-3: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, by Payment Type (Cash or Check, Credit Cards, FSAs, Healthcare Financing Programs, HSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit), 2018-2028, ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-6: Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditure, by Payment Type (Cash or Check, Credit Cards, FSAs, Healthcare Financing Programs, HSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-7: Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, by Payment Type (Cash or Check, Credit Cards, FSAs, Healthcare Financing Programs, HSAs, Loans or Lines of Credit), 2018, 2023, 2028 (%)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 4-8: Drivers & Restraints of Credit Cards, Cash/Check, FSA, Loan/Line of Credit, Healthcare Financing Program and HSA Expenditures, 2023
  • Total Financing of Elective vs. Non-Elective Procedures
    • Table 4-4: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective vs. Non-Elective Procedures, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-9: Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective vs. Non-Elective Procedures, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
  • Elective Procedures
    • Table 4-5: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective Procedures That Are Financed, by Payment Type (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-10: Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Elective Procedures, by Payment Type (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018-2028, ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-11: Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Elective Procedures That Are Financed (All Methods), by Method (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018, 2023, 2028 (%)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 4-12: Drivers & Restraints of Elective Procedure Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2023
  • Non-Elective Procedures
    • Table 4-6: Amount of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-Elective Procedures That Are Financed, by Payment Type (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-13: Change in Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures for Non-Elective Procedures, by Payment Type (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 4-14: Proportion of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Spending for Non-Elective Procedures That Are Financed (All Methods), by Payment Type (Paid by Cash or Check, Financed), 2018, 2023, 2028 (%)
    • Figure 4-15: Distribution of Out-of-Pocket Spending on Non-Elective Procedures for the Average Person, by Procedure (Cancers and Tumors, Circulatory System, Dermatological, Digestive, Endocrine, Genitourinary, Ill Defined Conditions, Infectious Diseases, Injury and Poisoning, Mental Illness, Musculoskeletal, Nervous System, Pregnancy and Childbirth, Respiratory, Other), 2017 (%)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 4-16: Drivers & Restraints of Non-Elective Procedure Out-of-Pocket Expenditures, 2023

Chapter 5: Specialized Healthcare Financing

  • Introduction
  • Patient Population
  • Improving Collections
  • Market Expansion
  • Customer Satisfaction
  • Types of Procedures Financed
  • Elective Procedures
    • Figure 5-1: Share of Medical Procedure Financing Market, by Major Segment (Chiropractic Services, Cosmetic Dentistry, Cosmetic Surgery, Fertility Treatment, Hair Restoration, Vision Correction, Weight Loss Surgery, Others), 2023
  • Cosmetic Surgery
    • Table 5-1: Cosmetic Surgical Procedures Offered in the U.S., by Type (Invasive, Minimally Invasive, Non-Invasive), 2023
  • Cosmetic Dentistry
  • Chiropractic Services
  • Fertility Treatments
    • Table 5-2: Fertility Treatments Offered in the U.S., 2023
  • Weight Loss Surgery
    • Table 5-3: Leading Weight Reduction Surgeries Offered in the U.S., 2023
  • Vision Correction
  • Hair Restoration
  • Other Procedures
  • Non-Elective Procedures
  • Types of Products
  • Costs to Consumers
  • Costs to Providers
  • Usage and Acceptance
  • Industry Exits

Chapter 6: Specialized Healthcare Financing Forecasts

  • Total Expenditures
    • Table 6-1: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 6-1: Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 6-2: Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2023
  • Elective Procedures
    • Table 6-2: Segmentation of Selected Medical Finance Companies in the U.S., 2023
    • Table 6-3: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Elective Procedure Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 6-3: Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Elective Procedure Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 6-4: Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing for Elective Procedures, 2023
  • Non-Elective Procedures
    • Table 6-4: Consumer Out-of-Pocket Non-Elective Procedure Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 6-5: Growth of Consumer Out-of-Pocket Non-Elective Procedure Expenditures Paid with Specialized Healthcare Financing, 2018-2028 ($ Billion)
  • Drivers & Restraints
    • Figure 6-6: Drivers & Restraints of Specialized Healthcare Financing for Non-Elective Procedures, 2023
  • Key Players
    • Table 6-5: Leading Providers of Specialized Healthcare Financing, by Company (Ally, CareCredit, ClearBalance, ClearGage, GreenSky, Lending Club, Lending USA, Prosper Healthcare, Wells Fargo, Others), 2022 ($ Billion)
    • Figure 6-7: Market Positions of Leading Providers of Specialized Healthcare Financing, by Company (Ally, CareCredit, ClearBalance, ClearGage, GreenSky, Lending Club, Lending USA, Prosper Healthcare, Wells Fargo, Others), 2022 (%)

Chapter 7: Efforts to Contain Out-of-Pocket Spending

  • Introduction
  • Industry
  • Tele-Health
  • Mobile Health
  • Artificial Intelligence
  • Chatbots and ChatGPT
  • Future Applications
  • Consumer Education
  • Government
  • Federal Government
  • Inflation Reduction Act
  • State Governments
  • Premium Rate Review
  • Reference-Based Pricing
  • Cost Growth Benchmarks
  • Reblancing
  • CalAIM
  • Consumer Groups, Community Organizations and Others

Chapter 8: Company Profiles

  • Ally
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Aurora Quick Care
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • CareCredit
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • ClearBalance
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • ClearGage
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Concentra
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Denefits
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • E-Financing Solutions
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • FastMed
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • GreenSky/Goldman Sachs
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Lending Club Patient Solutions
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • LendingUSA
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • MinuteClinic
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • NextCare
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • PatientFi
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Prosper Healthcare Lending
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • RediClinic/Rite Aid Virtual Care
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • SimpleSelect Patient Finance
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
  • Wells Fargo
    • History and Lines of Business
    • Financial Information
    • Relevant Business Operations
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