PUBLISHER: MarketsandMarkets | PRODUCT CODE: 2037098
PUBLISHER: MarketsandMarkets | PRODUCT CODE: 2037098
Mobile Hydraulic Cranes Market in North America by Crane Type (Rough Terrain Cranes, All-Terrain Cranes, Hydraulic Truck Cranes, Boom Truck Cranes, Lattice Boom Crawler Cranes, Telescoping Boom Crawler Cranes) and Country - Forecast to 2029
The mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America is anticipated to grow from USD 8.06 billion in 2026 to USD 9.23 billion by 2029, at a CAGR of 4.6% during the forecast period. Rising infrastructure development and urbanization and increasing investments in energy and renewable projects are the prominent factors driving the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America during the forecast period.
| Scope of the Report | |
|---|---|
| Years Considered for the Study | 2020-2029 |
| Base Year | 2025 |
| Forecast Period | 2026-2029 |
| Units Considered | Value (USD Billion) |
| Segments | By Crane Type and Region |
| Regions covered | North America |
Furthermore, the growing preference for rental-based heavy equipment is expected to drive the market.
"Hydraulic truck cranes segment is expected to hold the lowest market share during the forecast period"
The hydraulic truck cranes segment is expected to account for the lowest market share in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America during the forecast period. The relatively slower growth of this segment is primarily due to its limited versatility compared with other crane types, such as boom truck cranes and rough terrain cranes, which are better suited for a range of applications. Hydraulic truck cranes, while offering on-road mobility and ease of transportation, are increasingly being displaced in many use cases by more cost-effective and flexible alternatives, particularly in urban construction and utility applications where boom truck cranes are preferred. Additionally, for heavy-duty and complex lifting operations, end users are shifting toward all-terrain and crawler cranes, which provide higher lifting capacities and better performance in challenging environments.
"All-terrain cranes segment is expected to hold the second-largest market share in 2026"
The all-terrain cranes segment is expected to account for the second-largest market share in 2026. The strong position of this segment is driven by its high versatility, superior mobility, and ability to operate efficiently across both on-road and off-road environments, making it highly suitable for a range of applications. All-terrain cranes combine the mobility of truck-mounted cranes with the lifting capacity and performance of rough terrain cranes, enabling their use in complex infrastructure projects, energy installations, and industrial construction. Their capability to travel on highways and quickly mobilize across job sites significantly reduces setup time and enhances project efficiency, which is a key factor driving their adoption.
"US is anticipated to hold largest share of the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America in 2029"
The US is expected to account for the largest share of the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America in 2029. Market is driven by the country's well-established construction and industrial ecosystem, along with a high concentration of infrastructure development projects and energy investments. The presence of leading crane manufacturers such as The Manitowoc Company, Inc., and Terex Corporation, along with a strong network of rental companies, is significantly supporting the adoption of advanced mobile hydraulic cranes across the region. Furthermore, increasing government spending on transportation infrastructure, including highways, bridges, and urban development projects, is accelerating demand for efficient and high-capacity lifting equipment. The growing expansion of renewable energy projects, particularly wind energy installations, is also contributing to increased deployment of mobile hydraulic cranes for installation and maintenance activities.
Extensive primary interviews have been conducted with key industry experts in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America to determine and verify the market size for various segments and subsegments gathered through secondary research. The breakdown of primary participants for the report is shown below.
The study contains insights from various industry experts, from component suppliers to Tier 1 companies and OEMs. The break-up of the primaries is as follows:
- By Company Type - Tier 1 - 55%, Tier 2 - 25%, and Tier 3 - 20%
- By Designation - Directors - 50%, Managers - 30%, and Others - 20%
- By Region - North America - 45%, Europe - 30%, Asia Pacific - 20%, and Middle East - 3%, Africa - 1%, South America - 1%.
Key players in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America include The Manitowoc Company, Inc., Terex Corporation, Tadano Ltd., Liebherr Group, Konecranes, Cargotec Corporation, and Link-Belt Cranes. These companies play a significant role in supplying advanced mobile hydraulic cranes across construction, energy, and industrial applications in the region.
The study includes an in-depth competitive analysis of these key players in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America, with their company profiles, recent developments, and key market strategies.
Study Coverage:
The report segments the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America. It forecasts its market size by boom truck crane, rough terrain crane, all-terrain crane, hydraulic truck crane, lattice boom crawler crane, and telescopic crawler crane. The report also analyzes key market drivers, restraints, opportunities, and challenges influencing industry growth. It evaluates factors such as increasing infrastructure development, expansion of renewable energy projects, rising demand for rental equipment, and advancements in crane technologies, along with challenges such as high equipment costs, regulatory compliance, and supply chain constraints. The study provides a detailed regional assessment across North America, including country-level insights for the US, Canada, and Mexico, highlighting variations in demand, infrastructure investment, and industrial activity.
Key Benefits of Buying the Report:
- Analysis of key drivers (rising infrastructure development and urbanization, increasing investments in renewable energy and industrial projects, growing demand for rental-based equipment), restraints (high initial cost of mobile hydraulic cranes, stringent safety regulations and compliance requirements, fluctuations in raw material and component costs), opportunities (integration of telematics, automation, and digital fleet management systems, expansion of wind energy and large-scale infrastructure projects, mounting adoption of fuel-efficient and low-emission cranes), and challenges (supply chain disruptions, skilled operator shortages, and maintenance complexities associated with advanced crane systems)
- Product and Service Development/Innovation: Detailed insights on upcoming technologies, research and development activities, and new product and service launches in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America
- Market Development: Comprehensive information about lucrative markets by analyzing the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America across varied regions
- Market Diversification: Exhaustive information about new products/services, untapped geographies, recent developments, and investments in the mobile hydraulic cranes market in North America
- Competitive Assessment: In-depth assessment of market shares and growth strategies of leading players, such as The Manitowoc Company, Inc., Terex Corporation, Tadano Ltd., Liebherr Group, Konecranes, Cargotec Corporation, and Link-Belt Cranes
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1 DISCUSSION GUIDE FOR PRIMARY INTERVIEWS
- 1.1 QUESTIONNAIRE FOR MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA
- 1.1.1 SCREENING QUESTIONS
- 1.1.2 MAIN QUESTIONS
2 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
- 2.1 TWO-PRONGED RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: INTEGRATING PRIMARY AND SECONDARY APPROACHES
- 2.2 SUPPLY-SIDE-LED MARKET SIZING METHODOLOGY WITH DEMAND-SIDE VALIDATION
- 2.3 SUPPLY-SIDE ANALYSIS: ILLUSTRATION OF UNIT SALES ESTIMATION OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES FOR MANITOWOC COMPANY (GROVE)
3 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- 3.1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY - MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA
- 3.1.1 NORTH AMERICAN SALES OF MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES IN 2023 INCREASED BY 2-4% COMPARED TO 2022, REFLECTING STEADY DEMAND
- 3.1.1.1 Infrastructure investments and supportive policies driving demand for mobile hydraulic cranes in North America
- 3.1.2 SALES VOLUME OF MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANE TYPES IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2023
- 3.1.3 SALES VOLUME OF MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANE TYPES IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023
- 3.1.1 NORTH AMERICAN SALES OF MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES IN 2023 INCREASED BY 2-4% COMPARED TO 2022, REFLECTING STEADY DEMAND
4 ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC, POLITICAL, AND INDUSTRIAL TRENDS IN NORTH AMERICA
- 4.1 ECONOMIC TRENDS IN NORTH AMERICA
- 4.1.1 ECONOMIC RECOVERY AND INFLATION FLUCTUATIONS IN US, 2018-2023
- 4.1.2 STRENGTH AND RESILIENCE OF US DOLLAR AMID DE-DOLLARIZATION TRENDS IN 2023
- 4.1.2.1 Strong US dollar and de-dollarization trends
- 4.1.3 US RECORDED ALL-TIME HIGH TRADE DEFICIT WITH TOP 10 PARTNERS IN 2023
- 4.1.4 IMPACT OF DISRUPTIVE GLOBAL DYNAMICS ON US ECONOMY IN 2023
- 4.1.4.1 Influence of disruptive global dynamics on US economy in 2023
- 4.1.5 CANADA AND MEXICO EXPERIENCED SLOWER GDP GROWTH IN 2023 COMPARED TO 2022
- 4.1.6 INFRASTRUCTURE FUNDING BY GOVERNMENT CREATED PROSPECTS FOR CRANE AND MACHINERY SALES IN 2023
- 4.1.7 SIGNIFICANT INVESTMENT OF BIDEN-HARRIS ADMINISTRATION IN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN 2023
- 4.1.7.1 Biden-Harris administration's infrastructure push in 2023
- 4.1.8 BIDEN ADMINISTRATION POLICIES REINFORCED LOW UNEMPLOYMENT TRAJECTORY IN 2023
- 4.1.8.1 Low unemployment trends continue under Biden administration
- 4.1.9 SUPPORTIVE GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES FOR SMALL BUSINESSES
- 4.1.9.1 Thriving small businesses fueled by supportive government initiatives
- 4.1.10 GOVERNMENT FOCUS ON INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT TO DRIVE CRANE MARKET
- 4.1.11 BOOMING CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO BOOST DEMAND FOR CRANE EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS
- 4.1.11.1 US construction outlook
- 4.1.12 GOVERNMENT EFFORTS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF MINING INDUSTRY
- 4.1.12.1 US government funding in mining industry
5 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES MARKET
- 5.1 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018-2023
- 5.2 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 5.3 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
- 5.4 ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES, BY MANUFACTURER
- 5.4.1 GROVE REGISTERED HIGHEST FIELD POPULATION OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKET IN 2023
6 ALL-TERRAIN CRANES MARKET
- 6.1 ALL-TERRAIN CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018-2023
- 6.2 ALL-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 6.3 ALL-TERRAIN CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
- 6.4 ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANES, BY MANUFACTURER
- 6.4.1 GROVE REGISTERED HIGHEST FIELD POPULATION OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANES IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKET IN 2023
7 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES MARKET
- 7.1 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018-2023
- 7.2 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 7.3 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
- 7.4 ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES, BY MANUFACTURER
- 7.4.1 GROVE RECORDED HIGHEST FIELD POPULATION OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKET IN 2023
8 BOOM TRUCK CRANES MARKET
- 8.1 BOOM TRUCK CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018-2023
- 8.2 BOOM TRUCK CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 8.3 BOOM TRUCK CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
- 8.4 ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF BOOM TRUCK CRANES, BY MANUFACTURER
- 8.4.1 NATIONAL REGISTERED HIGHEST FIELD POPULATION OF BOOM TRUCK CRANES IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKET IN 2023
9 LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANES MARKET
- 9.1 LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2021-2023
- 9.2 LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 9.3 LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
10 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANES MARKET
- 10.1 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANES MARKET SIZE AND SHARE, BY MANUFACTURER, 2022-2023
- 10.2 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS, BY MANUFACTURER
- 10.3 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODEL PRICING BASED ON LOAD CAPACITY, BY MANUFACTURER
11 KEY FINDINGS
- 11.1 MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES MARKET IN NORTH AMERICA - KEY FINDINGS
- 11.1.1 GROWING INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT AND FAVORABLE POLICY LANDSCAPES TO BOOST DEMAND FOR MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES IN NORTH AMERICA
- 11.1.2 PLAYERS EMPLOYED PRODUCT LAUNCHES STRATEGY TO INCREASE THEIR SHARE IN NORTH AMERICAN MARKET
- 11.1.2.1 Rough-terrain cranes
- 11.1.2.2 Boom truck cranes
- 11.1.3 MANITOWOC LED IN SALES OF HYDRAULIC AND BOOM TRUCK CRANES IN NORTH AMERICA
- 11.1.3.1 Hydraulic truck cranes
- 11.1.3.2 All-terrain cranes
- 11.1.4 MANITOWOC LED IN SALES OF LATTICE & TELESCOPIC BOOM CRAWLER CRANES IN NORTH AMERICA
- 11.1.4.1 Lattice boom crawler cranes
- 11.1.4.2 Telescoping boom crawler cranes
- 11.2 TECHNOLOGICALLY ADVANCED CRANES AND BEST-IN-CLASS SERVICES TO DRIVE CUSTOMER DEMAND
- 11.2.1 CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOR
- 11.2.1.1 Spare parts
- 11.2.1.2 Advanced technologies
- 11.2.1.3 Safety features
- 11.2.1.4 Services
- 11.2.1.5 Manufacturer reputation
- 11.2.1.6 Broad product line
- 11.2.1 CUSTOMER BUYING BEHAVIOR
List of Tables
- TABLE 1 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 2 MANUFACTURER-WISE ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 3 ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 4 MANUFACTURERS' ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 5 COST OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
- TABLE 6 MANUFACTURER-WISE ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 7 ALL-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 8 MANUFACTURER-WISE ALL-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 9 ALL-TERRAIN CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 10 MANUFACTURERS' ALL-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 11 COST OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
- TABLE 12 MANUFACTURER-WISE ESTIMATED FIELD POPULATION OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 13 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 14 MANUFACTURER-WISE HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 15 HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 16 MANUFACTURERS' HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 17 COST OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
- TABLE 18 MANUFACTURER-WISE ESTIMATED FILED POPULATION OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES IN 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 19 BOOM TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2018 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 20 MANUFACTURER-WISE BOOM TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 21 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE BOOM TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2023
- TABLE 22 BOOM TRUCK CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 23 MANUFACTURERS' BOOM TRUCK CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 24 COST OF BOOM TRUCK CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
- TABLE 25 MANUFACTURER-WISE ESTIMATED FILED POPULATION OF BOOM TRUCK CRANES, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 26 LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2021 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 27 MANUFACTURER-WISE LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 28 BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 29 MANUFACTURERS' LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 30 COST OF LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
- TABLE 31 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME AND MARKET SHARE IN NORTH AMERICA, BY MANUFACTURER, 2022 TO 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 32 MANUFACTURER-WISE TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 (UNITS)
- TABLE 33 TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE SALES VOLUME IN NORTH AMERICA, BY LIFT CAPACITY, 2023 TO 2029 (UNITS)
- TABLE 34 MANUFACTURERS' TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS AND SPECIFICATIONS
- TABLE 35 COST OF TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANE MODELS OFFERED BY DIFFERENT MANUFACTURERS, BY LOAD CAPACITY (USD)
List of Figures
- FIGURE 1 SALES VOLUME OF MOBILE HYDRAULIC CRANES IN NORTH AMERICA, BY CRANE TYPE, 2023
- FIGURE 2 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 3 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 4 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 5 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF BOOM TRUCK CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 6 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 7 MANUFACTURER-WISE SALES VOLUME OF TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 8 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF ROUGH-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 9 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF ALL-TERRAIN CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 10 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF HYDRAULIC TRUCK CRANES, 20223
- FIGURE 11 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF BOOM TRUCK CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 12 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF LATTICE BOOM CRAWLER CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 13 LIFT CAPACITY-WISE SALES VOLUME OF TELESCOPING BOOM CRAWLER CRANES, 2023
- FIGURE 14 REAL GDP GROWTH AND INFLATION RATE IN US (2018-2023)
- FIGURE 15 US TRADE DEFICIT WITH TOP 10 TRADING PARTNERS (2023)
- FIGURE 16 ANNUAL GDP GROWTH IN CANADA, 2018-2023 (%)
- FIGURE 17 ANNUAL GDP GROWTH IN MEXICO, 2018-2023 (%)
- FIGURE 18 US GOVERNMENT INVESTMENTS IN MAJOR SECTORS (AS OF OCTOBER 2023)
- FIGURE 19 UNEMPLOYMENT RATE IN US, 2013-2023 (%)
- FIGURE 20 VALUE ADDED BY CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY TO US GDP, 2014-2023 (%)
- FIGURE 21 US NON-RESIDENTIAL INFRASTRUCTURAL INVESTMENT, AS OF JANUARY 2024
- FIGURE 22 PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CONSTRUCTION PROJECT EXPENDITURE IN US, JANUARY 2023-JANUARY 2024
