China Passenger Car Electronic Control Suspension Industry Research Report, 2025

Description

Electronic control suspension research: air springs evolve from single chamber to dual chambers, CDC evolves from single valve to dual valves

ResearchInChina released "China Passenger Car Electronic Control Suspension Industry Research Report, 2025", which sorted out the relevant dynamics of OEMs and suppliers in the field of electronic control suspension in the past year, and analyzed the technical characteristics of their electronic control suspension products.

Since 2023, the installation volume of electronic control suspension in passenger car market has steadily increased. Taking air suspension as an example, in 2024, the installation volume exceeded 800,000 vehicles, a year-on-year increase of 38%.

In addition to the performance in the amount of installation volume, the development of front-mounted electronic control suspension of Chinese passenger cars also has many highlights in technology iteration, including the application of dual-chamber air springs, the replacement of electronic shock absorbers with linear motors, the installation of fully active hydraulic electronic shock absorbers, and the first installation of dual-chamber dual-valve suspension of domestic models.

1. Iteration of air springs from single chamber to dual chamber

The dual-chamber air spring has two chambers, the main chamber and the auxiliary chamber, and the on-off of the two chambers is controlled by solenoid valve. Compared with the mutual influence of stiffness control and vehicle height adjustment of single-chamber air spring, dual-chamber air spring realizes the decoupling of stiffness and height. The main advantages of dual-chamber air spring over single-chamber air spring are:

1. The system can have two stiffness modes. The dual-chamber air spring controls the connection and isolation of the main and auxiliary air chambers through the solenoid valve to achieve multi-level stiffness adjustment. When the auxiliary chamber is opened, the air chamber volume increases and the stiffness decreases; when the auxiliary chamber is closed, only the main chamber works and the stiffness increases. The difference in stiffness between the two modes is 40%~50%. This design allows the vehicle to switch flexibly between "comfort mode" and "sports mode". Taking the dual-chamber air suspension of Li Auto as an example, two driving styles, "comfort magic carpet" and "sports magic carpet", are provided in the central control screen suspension settings for users to choose.

2. Faster stiffness adjustment speed. The dual-chamber solenoid valve can switch the air chamber state within 0.1 seconds to achieve instantaneous stiffness adjustment. Compared with the single-chamber air spring, its response speed is about seconds.

3. Stiffness adjustment is decoupled from vehicle height adjustment. The height of the vehicle body remains unchanged when adjusting the hardness and softness of the suspension.

The dual-chamber air spring is more in line with the requirements of new energy vehicles for handling and comfort. In the past year, many new energy models including Xpeng G9, Xpeng X9, and Li L9 have chosen to be equipped with dual-chamber air springs.

2. Dual-valve CDC shock absorber installed on independent brands

The two solenoid valves of the dual-valve CDC control the oil flow rate during compression and stretching respectively, decoupling the damping adjustment of compression and stretching, with faster response speed and larger damping adjustment range. The traditional single-valve CDC uses one solenoid valve to control compression and stretching damping, and the two affect each other.

Take the dual-valve shock absorber equipped with the renewed Li L9 as an example. Switching from a single valve to a dual valve, the damping force of the suspension system is increased by up to 50%. In addition to ensuring sportiness and comfort, it further optimizes pitch and roll performance. With the dual-chamber air spring, the driving performance of the renewed Li L9 is optimized as follows (compared with the 2024 Li L9 dual-chamber single-valve suspension):

1. The head-up and braking nodding are reduced by 12%; 2. The turning roll is reduced by 24%; 3. The body ups and downs of the flying slope are reduced by 19.5%; the renewed Li L9 is also the first mass-produced model to adopt a dual-valve CDC + dual-chamber air spring suspension combination.

In November 2024, the fully active suspension in "Xiaomi Intelligent Chassis Pre-research Technology" released by Xiaomi also uses a combination of dual-chamber air springs + dual-valve CDC. According to information released by Xiaomi, the maximum lifting force of the fully active suspension exceeds 44,400N, the suspension adjustment range can reach up to 140mm, and the adjustment speed reaches 100 times that of the air spring.

3. New gameplay of fully active suspension

Traditional fully active suspension generally uses a hydraulic system with air springs, such as Porsche's Porsche Active Ride (PAR for short). PAR integrates two sets of hydraulic pumps and their control units, and a deceleration mechanism in each active suspension hydraulic pump assembly. Each system is used for the shock absorber on one wheel, so that the four-wheel suspension can be actively and independently adjusted.

NIO ET9, which was launched in December 2024, also uses a hydraulic fully active suspension. Each shock absorber is highly integrated with an independent electric hydraulic pump and a brushless DC motor. The product was jointly developed by NIO and Clearmotion. According to NIO's actual test data, the application of the above-mentioned fully active suspension allows NIO ET9 to perform well in the following driving scenarios:

1. ET9 can accelerate and start and brake at various speeds of 80-120km/h without nodding or raising its head, so that the body always maintains a nearly horizontal posture

2. At a speed of 60km/h, it can quickly drive over asymmetric continuous undulating roads, which can effectively suppress the body from swinging sharply on asymmetric undulating roads

3. At a speed of 80km/h, it can drive over uphill and downhill slopes with a drop of 30cm. When going uphill, the fully active suspension applies the main force to pull down the front of the car to avoid being lifted up by the slope. At the same time, the rear suspension applies the main force to lift the rear of the car to keep the body posture stable; when going downhill, the Tianxing fully active suspension applies the main force to support the body, and then slowly releases it

4. At a speed of 15km/h, "lift" the champagne tower over continuous speed bumps. Actively control the suspension journey in the continuous speed bump scenario, so that the wheels can run in line with the speed bump to prevent the body from swaying left and right

In the suspension compression stroke, the fully active suspension of NIO ET9 converts kinetic energy into electrical energy through a hydraulic pump, and can generate up to 5kW of energy recovery.

In addition to the hydraulic solution, BYD has mass-produced and applied a solution that uses motor vibration reduction - Yunnian-Z. Yunnian-Z replaces traditional shock absorbers with linear motors and is equipped with air springs. Also, because the motor has the functions of both working and generating electricity, Yunnian-Z can also achieve energy recovery in the suspension compression stroke.

From the data, the full-link execution time of Yunnian-Z is only 5ms, the body adjustment accuracy is only 1mm, and the adjustment speed can reach 500mm/s. The peak power of the four motors plus system reaches 50kW.

From the perspective of vehicle driving performance, the main improvements of Yangwang U7 equipped with Yunnian-Z include:

1. When the vehicle accelerates and decelerates rapidly from 0 to 100 km/h, the pitch angle can be less than 0.5°, and the user can hardly feel the pitch

2. The negative roll angle function that the maximum angle when turning is -2° effectively improves the roll feeling caused by inertia when cornering

3. When the vehicle is driving at high speed, passes through the road-bridge connection, it is easy to cause a jump due to the change in road slope. Yunnian-Z can pull the body at one time to achieve a zero-throw jump in the sense of body

4. Yunnian-Z can also achieve active defense capabilities. When the vehicle encounters a side collision, the body is instantly lifted on one side to transfer the collision to the area with higher body strength to ensure driving safety

In the past year, the technical iteration of electronic control suspension in key components such as shock absorbers and air springs has shown a "multi-point blossoming" development pattern. It is expected that more fully active suspensions will be installed in the next one to two years, further improving the penetration rate of electronic control suspensions.

Product Code: LMM032

1 Overview of Electronic Control Suspension Industry

1.1 Automotive Suspension System
1.2 Definition and Classification of Electronically Controlled Suspension System
1.3 Semi-active Suspension
Semi-active Suspension Mainstream Solutions
CDC (Continuously Damping Control)
MRC (Magnetic Ride Control)
MRC (Magnetic Ride Control)
Magnetorheological Effect
1.4 Active Suspension
Air Suspension Definition
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Spring
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Spring
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Supply Unit (1)
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Supply Unit (2)
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Supply Unit (3)
Main Components of Air Suspension: Air Supply Unit (4)
Evolution of Air Suspension Technology
Advantages and Disadvantages of Air Suspension
Air Suspension Raw Materials and Suppliers
Major Models Equipped with Air Suspension (1)
Major Models Equipped with Air Suspension (2)
1.5 Magic Carpet Suspension
1.6 Comparison between Several Electronic Control Suspensions (1)
1.6 Comparison between Several Electronic Control Suspensions (2)
1.7 Main Manufacturers of Electronic Control Suspension and Their Supporting Customers
1.8 Manufacturers of Key Components of Electronic Control Suspension and Their Supporting Customers
1.9 Application of Electric Suspension in Passenger Car OEMs (1)
1.9 Application of Electric Suspension in Passenger Car OEMs (2)
1.10 Electronic Control Suspension Installation
CDC Hydraulic Suspension Assembly: Assembly Volume and Assembly Rate
CDC Hydraulic Suspension Assembly: by Price Range
CDC Hydraulic Suspension Assembly: by Brand
Air Suspension Assembly: Assembly Volume and Assembly Rate
Air Suspension Assembly: by Price Range
Air Suspension Assembly Status: by Brand

2 Research on Electronic Control Suspension Suppliers

2.1 Continental
Electronic Air Suspension
Electronic Air Supply Unit: CAirs
Advantage of Air Supply Unit Products
Air Suspension Damper
Open-loop / Closed-loop Double Solution of Air Supply Unit
Electronic Control Suspension Solution for Different Models
Electronic Suspension Software Solution
Electronic Suspension Supply
Features and Advantages of Electronic Suspension System
Combination Solution of Electronic Control Suspension System
Global Production and Development Layout of Electronic Control Suspension System
Electronic Control Suspension Production Line
2.2 Beijing West Industries
Global R&D and Production Layout
Production Layout in China (1)
Production Layout in China (2)
Suspension-related Products (1)
Suspension-related Products (2)
Magnetorheological Suspension System: MagneRide Suspension
Magnetorheological Suspension System: The Fourth-Generation MagneRide Suspension (1)
Magnetorheological Suspension System: The Fourth-Generation MagneRide Suspension (2)
Magnetorheological Suspension System: The Fourth-Generation MagneRide Suspension (3)
Air Suspension System: AeroRide
Active Suspension
2.3 Vibracoustic
Air Suspension System
Air Spring Classification
Air Springs with Axial Sleeves
Air Springs with Cross-Ply Bellows and Air Springs with Zax Bellows
Three-chamber Air Springs
New Air Suspension Air Supply Device
Commercial Vehicle Air Springs (1)
Commercial Vehicle Air Springs (2)
Dynamics
2.4 ZF
Development Route of Suspension Technology
Comparison of Active Suspension System Capability
New Active Vibration Reduction System: sMOTION
New Active Vibration Reduction System: Composition Solution
New Active Vibration Reduction System: Technical Features
Electronic Elevation System
High Pressure MPU
Pre-control Damping System: Predictive Damping
Double-Cylinder Air Compressor
SACHS Single-cylinder Shock Absorber
SACHS Double-cylinder Shock Absorber
SACHS CDC
Semi-active CDC System
ZF AI Road Sense Is Integrated with Suspension System
Commercial Vehicle Suspension
2.5 Mando
Electronic Control Suspension Products
Intelligent Frequency Conversion Damper
Hydraulic Compression Stop
Intelligent Damping Control System
Active Suspension Control System
Self Levelizer
2.6 Baolong Automotive
Global Presence
Suspension Income and Situation
Electronically Controlled Suspension Related Product Layout and Cooperation
Electronically Controlled Suspension Innovations
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension Composition (Open-loop Solution)
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension Controller
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension Functions
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension System Control Strategy (1)
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension System Control Strategy (2)
Active Suspension Road Surface Pre-Scanning System (Magic Carpet Stereo Vision System) (1)
Active Suspension Road Surface Pre-Scanning System (Magic Carpet Stereo Vision System) (2)
Active Suspension Road Surface Pre-Scanning System and ADAS Combined Solution
Designated Projects of Air Suspension Products
Shipment Estimate
Capacity Expansion
2.7 KH Automotive Technologies (KHAT)
Profile
Production and R&D Base
Product Layout
Product R&D Rhythm
Closed Air Suspension System
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Dual-chamber Air Springs
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Controller
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Electronically Controlled Shock Absorber
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Closed Valve Pump Assembly
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Air Supply Unit (1)
Electronically Controlled Suspension Components: Air Supply Unit (2)
Product Designations
Typical Supporting Models and Supply Products
Upstream Partners
2.8 Anhui Zhongding Sealing Parts Co., Ltd.
Profile
Product Designations
Suspension product layout
Wholly-owned Subsidiary Plans To Develop Integrated Air Suspension System
Wholly-owned Subsidiary Dingyu Intelligent Technology: Air Spring Development
2.9 Tuopu Group
Closed Air Suspension System: C-ECAS
Air Supply Unit (ASU)
Technical Route of Closed ASU
Comparison between Open System and Closed System
Development and Production Capacity of Key Components of Air Suspension
Composition of Air Spring
Air Suspension Solution
Capacity Planning
2.10 Gates Electroncis
Profile
Suspension Iteration Route
CDC Damper
Air Suspension System
Intelligent Chassis Suspension Control System Technology Route
800V Hydraulic Suspension Electronic Control System (1)
800V Hydraulic Suspension Electronic Control System (2)
800V Hydraulic Suspension Electronic Control System Domain Controller Hardware Architecture (1)
800V Hydraulic Suspension Electronic Control System Domain Controller Hardware Architecture (2)
800V Hydraulic Suspension Electronic Control System Zone Controller Software Functions
Intelligent Chassis Suspension Integrated Domain Control Technology Route
Intelligent Suspension Integrated Domain Control System
Intelligent Suspension Integrated Domain Control System: Hardware Architecture
Intelligent Suspension Integrated Domain Control System: Software Architecture
Intelligent Suspension Integrated Domain Control System Software Functions
Application Scenarios
2.11 Nanyang CIJAN
Product Layout
Supported Models (1)
Supported Models (2)
Suspension Products and Controllers (1)
Suspension Products and Controllers (2)
Adaptive Damping System (ADS) (1)
Adaptive Damping System (ADS) (2)
Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS)
Components of Electronically Controlled Air Suspension (ECAS)
Intelligent Electronically Controlled Suspension System
Fully Active Suspension System
Sensor Configuration Scheme of Electronically Controlled Suspension
2.12 Exquisite Automotive Systems
Active Suspension System Layout
Active Intelligent's Electronic Air Suspension (EAS)
Active Intelligent's EDC System
Active Intelligent's Air Suspension & Electronically Controlled Damper
2.13 Smarter Eye
Road Preview System (1)
Road Preview System (2)
Suspension System
2.14 Tianrun Industrial
Air Suspension
Air Suspension Business Revenue
2.15 Schaeffler
Variable Damper
Active Suspension

3 Research on Electronic Control Suspension Supply Chain

3.1 Damper
- 3.1.1 Tenneco
Monroe Damper: CVSAe
Monroe Damper: CVSAe Supported Brands and Models
Monroe Damper: CVSA2
Monroe Damper: CVSA2 Completed Upgrade
Monroe Damper: KINETIC (1)
Monroe Damper: KINETIC (2)
Monroe Damper: KINETIC (3)
Adaptive Suspension Product Line
OE Solutions
OE Solutions: Dampers
OE Solution: Damping Valves
OE Solutions: Ride Refine Technology
OE Solutions: Ride Refine Technology
OE Solution Application Cases

3.1.2 Bilstein

History of Suspension Technology
Dampers (1)
Dampers (2)
Dampers (3)
Dampers (4)
Dampers (5)
DampTronic Sky Technology (Adaptive Damper System)
DampTronic Sky Technology Combined with "Skyhook" Algorithm
Applicable Models (1)
Applicable Models (2)
Applicable Models (3)

3.1.3 LORD

Magnetorheological Damper
Magnetorheological Damper Parameters
Magnetorheological Fluid: MRF-122EG
Magnetorheological Fluid: MRF-132DG, MRF-140CG

3.1.4 Bohai New Material

Magnetorheological Product Layout
Magnetorheological Fluid
MRD Damper: C Series
MRD Damper: C Series
MRD Damper: C Series Product Parameters
MRD Damper: C Series Product Parameters
MRD Damper: C Series Product Parameters
MRD Damper: C Series Product Parameters
MRD Damper: D Series
MRD Vehicle Controller
Magnetorheological Comprehensive Controller

3.1.5 Cosmartor

Magnetorheological Product Layout
Magnetorheological Product Layout
Magnetorheological Fluid
MRD Damper
MRD Damper
ECU
MRD Intelligent Suspension System
MRD Intelligent Suspension System
MRD Intelligent Suspension System Architecture
MRD Intelligent Suspension System SAC Architecture
MRD Intelligent Suspension System Control Function
Magnetorheological Intelligent Suspension Comprehensive Solution

3.1.6 New Technology

Suspension Product Line (1)
Suspension Product Line (2)
Suspension Damper Supporting Assembly
Suspension System Plastic Parts
Suspension and Damper Revenue

3.1.7 Add Industry

Shock Absorber
Shock Absorber
Shock Absorber

3.1.8 Other Manufacturers' Shock Absorbers

Upward Technology Magnetorheological Suspension
Pneuride Shock Absorbers
3.2 Controller
- 3.2.1 ClearMotion
ClearMotion1
ClearMotion1
RoadMotion
Layout in China

3.2.2 UAES

Suspension Controller Solution
Suspension Controller Solution
Suspension Control Unit
Suspension Control Unit
Suspension Control System Sensor
Multi-Cavity Air Suspension Stiffness Valve
Suspension Damping Control Solenoid Valve

3.2.3 Controllers of Other Vendors

Electronic Control Unit of Active Suspension of Chengdu Mingran Intelligent Technology
Intelligent Suspension Controller of SDrive Technology
Chassis-by-wire Domain Controller of Jingwei Hirain
Semi-active Suspension Controller of Jingwei Hirain
3.3 Air Supply Unit
- 3.3.1 AMK China
Air Compressors
Air Compressor Supply in China
Air Compressor Supply in China: Land Rover
Air Compressor Supply in China: Mercedes-Benz
Air Supply Unit

3.3.2 WABCO

Air supply unit
Air Compressor
Air Compressor Supply: BMW
Air Compressor Supply: BMW
Air Compressor Supply: Citroen
Air Compressor Supply: Iveco
Air Compressor Supply: Tesla and Kia
Air Compressor Supply: Kia
Air Compressor Supply: Mercedes Benz
Air Compressor Supply: Mercedes-Benz
Air Compressor Supply: Porsche
Air Compressor Supply: Renault
Gas Storage Tank

3.3.3 Air Supply Units of Other Manufacturers

Air Suspension Electronic Air Pump Unit of LeeKr Technology

4 Research on Application of Electronic Control Suspension for Domestic Passenger Cars

4.1 BYD
DiSus Product Matrix
Core Function Comparison between DiSus Products
DiSus-C System Composition and Its Characteristics
DiSus-A System Composition and Its Characteristics
DiSus-A Layout
DiSus-P (1): System Composition and Characteristics
DiSus-P (2): Main Functions
DiSus-X System Composition and Its Characteristics
DiSus-Z (1): System Composition
DiSus-Z (2): Parameter Performance
DiSus-Z (3): Technical Analysis (1)
DiSus-Z (3): Technical Analysis (2)
DiSus-Z (3): Real Vehicle Effect
DiSus-Z Linear Motor Patent Analysis
DiSus Perception System (1)
DiSus Perception System (2)
Damping Control Technology (1)
Damping Control Technology (2)
Hydraulic Stiffness Control Technology
DiSus Control Technology
Application Cases of DiSus-Z (1)
Application Cases of DiSus-Z (2)
Application Cases of DiSus-Z (3)
4.2 Li Auto
Intelligent Chassis R&D Institute
Magic Carpet Air Suspension 1.0 (1): System Features
Magic Carpet Air Suspension 1.0 (2): System Functions
Magic Carpet Air Suspension 2.0: Product Improvements
Magic Carpet Air Suspension 3.0
Suspension System Control
CDC 2.0 Product
4.3 NIO
Full Active Suspension: SkyRide Suspension
ClearMotion Product Features
Suspension control system
Air Suspension Application Case (1): NIO ES8
Air Suspension Application Case (2): NIO ET7
Air Suspension Application Case (3): NIO ES7
4.4 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (1)
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (2): Perception
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Intelligent Chassis 1.0 (3): Control
Huawei Turing Chassis Application Case - AITO M9
Huawei Turing Longxing Platform (1)
Huawei Turing Longxing Platform (2)
Huawei Turing Longxing Platform (3)
Huawei Turing Longxing Platform (4)
4.5 Cadillac
Magnetic Ride Control (MRC)
Application Case of MRC 4.0: Escalade IQ
RTD Active Electro-Hydraulic Suspension
GM's New Electromagnetic Suspension Technology Patent
4.6 Geely
Lynk & Co Digital Chassis Built on SPA Evo
Lynk & Co's Electronic Control Suspension Application Case: Lynk & Co 009
Zeekr's Electronic Control Suspension Application Case (1): Zeekr 001
4.7 Hongqi
Fully Active Suspension Under the Tiangong Platform (1)
Fully Active Suspension Under the Tiangong Platform (2)
Fully Active Suspension System
Air Suspension Application Case: Hongqi H9
5 Summary and Development Trend of Electronic Control Suspension Industry
Suspension Becomes a Key of Intelligent Chassis before Scale Application of EMB and SBW
Electronically Controlled Dampers Have Undergone Three Product Form Iterations
Air Suspension Evolved from Single-chamber to Dual-chamber
Cost Reduction Through Localization Drives Increased Installations of Air Suspensions
Active Pre-scanning and AI Algorithm Create the Pre-response Capability of Electronically Controlled Suspension, and Magic Carpet Suspension Is Developing Rapidly
4.8 Xpeng
Xpeng X9: Intelligent Dual-Chamber Air Suspension
Xpeng G9: Intelligent Dual-Chamber Air Suspension (1)
Xpeng G9: Intelligent Dual-Chamber Air Suspension (2)
Xpeng P7+: Variable Damping Electromagnetic Suspension
4.9 Chery
STERRA ES: IAS
Chery Tiggo 9: CDC Suspension
Suspension Controller
EXEED STERRA ES
Fulwin Series
4.10 Voyah
Voyah FREE: Air Suspension (1)
Voyah FREE: Air Suspension (2)
Voyah Passion: Magic Carpet Suspension
Dreamer: Principle of Magic Carpet Air Suspension
Voyah Dreamer: Functions of Magic Carpet Air Suspension
Fully Active Suspension of Tianyuan Intelligent Architecture
4.11 Mercedes-Benz
Magic Body Control (MBC)
Air Suspension: AIRMATIC (1)
Air Suspension: AIRMATIC (2)
Electric Hydraulic Suspension System: Structure of E-ABC (1)
Electric Hydraulic Suspension System: Functions of E-ABC (2)
4.12 BMW
Magic Carpet Ride (1)
Magic Carpet Ride (2)
G11/G12: Air Suspension (1)
G11/G12: Air Suspension (2)
Adaptive Air Suspension
Adaptive M Suspension
4.13 Audi
Adaptive Air Suspension
Adaptive Air Suspension: Different Components and Usage (Example: A8) (1)
Adaptive Air Suspension: Different Components and Usage (Example: A8) (2)
Adaptive Air Suspension: Modes and Mechanisms
Electromagnetic Suspension
Audi A8: Active Suspension Technology (1)
Audi A8: Active Suspension Technology (2)
Audi A8: Active Suspension Technology (3)
Audi RS e-tron GT: Three-chamber Air Suspension
eAWS (Electromechanical Roll Stabilization)
Audi SQ7: Adaptive Air Suspension
Predictive Active Suspension
Electronic Chassis Platform