China Charging Infrastructure (Supercharging, Battery Swapping, V2G, etc.) and High-Performance Supercharging Battery Research Report, 2026

Description

Charging and battery swapping research: as 5C+ supercharging vehicle models go into mass production, the pace of OEMs self-building supercharging networks quickens

800-1000V high-voltage platforms are fully popularized, and 5C supercharging vehicle models are mass-produced

In 2026, with the full popularity of 800-1000V high-voltage platforms, high-rate supercharging batteries (5C and above) become the core arena for mainstream OEMs. Each brand has made in-depth layout in battery technology, charging rate and recharging network. High-rate fast charging (5C and above) has become the focus of competition among major OEMs. At the same time, 800V high-voltage platforms have spread to the mainstream family car (RMB150,000-200,000) market.

BYD: It has extensive layout in the field of supercharging. U9, a model of its high-end brand Yangwang, has a charging rate of 6C. Denza-branded vehicle models (such as Denza N7 and D9DM) boast 3C, and mainstream vehicle models such as Song LEV and Han EV offer 2C. In addition, BYD's newly released second-generation blade battery and flash charging technology can achieve extremely fast recharging from 10% to 70% in just 5 minutes and from 10% to 97% in only 9 minutes at room temperature. BYD has extended 800V flash charging technology to vehicle models worth hundreds of thousands of yuan (such as Song Ultra EV and Sea Lion 06 EV).

Li Auto: Featuring the 5C supercharging, the representative vehicle model Li MEGA is equipped with a 5C Qilin battery, which enables a range of 500 kilometers in 12 minutes. The next-generation Li L6 also supports 5C supercharging, and it can be charged from 20% to 80% in just 12 minutes.

Xiaomi Auto: Xiaomi SU7 Ultra (2025) features 5.2C supercharging, which takes only about 12 minutes to charge from 10% to 80%. It can be charged in 15 minutes for a range of about 620 kilometers, with a peak power of over 400kW.

XPeng: The typical vehicle model XPeng GX can be charged from 10% to 80% in only 11.7 minutes thanks to 5C supercharging.

ZEEKR (Geely): ZEEKR 007 boasts 5.5C high-rate fast charging, which can be completed in about 10 minutes; ZEEKR 8X is equipped with a 6C battery, which can be charged from 20% to 80% in only 9 minutes. The new version of ZEEKR 001 carries the 5C version of Shenxing Battery for the first time.

The realization of vehicle supercharging requires high-voltage automotive architectures and supercharging piles with a power of more than 600kW. OEMs not only need to develop vehicle models with high-voltage architectures and supercharging piles (such as BYD's single-gun 1500kW flash charging pile), but also promote the construction of Microgrid/V2mG featuring "storage-charging integration" with pile companies and grids to handle the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on power grids.

Top OEMs: build large-scale supercharging networks, and focus on ultra-fast recharging experience

With the popularization of high-rate supercharging battery technology, the supercharging station construction by OEMs is moving from independent efforts to a new stage of ecosystem co-construction. By mainstream supercharging station solution/configuration, OEM charging network construction involves four main modes:

1. OEMs (ZEEKR, Li Auto, XPeng, Tesla) develop and operate their own supercharging networks;

2. Huawei sells supercharging system solutions to operators/OEMs (it does not have to build self-operated stations across the country);

3. NIO adopts the combination of swapping and supercharging;

4. BYD boasts megawatt-level supercharging and hardcore energy storage technology.

By the end of June 2026, the number of self-operated supercharging stations of major domestic mainstream OEMs are as follows:

BYD's flash charging stations: 7,018. In 2026, BYD's flash charging station construction plan mainly revolves around the "Flash Charging China" strategy, with the core goal of building 20,000 stations by the end of the year.

Li Auto's supercharging stations: 4,092

XPeng's supercharging stations: 2,650

Tesla China's supercharging stations: 2,600

NIO's supercharging stations (excluding swapping stations): 1,765. NIO's plan and latest construction progress released in 2026 closely focuses on "comprehensive expansion of charging and swapping networks" and "upgrading of fifth-generation swapping stations".

ZEEKR's self-operated supercharging stations: 1,236

Huawei Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)'s supercharging stations: 1,200

GAC Aion's supercharging stations: 1,205. In 2026, GAC will sprint towards the goal of adding 10,000 charging piles to further consolidate its leading position in the OEM self-built supercharging networks.

Voyah's supercharging stations: 104 (200 originally planned). Its original radical plan was to build 1,000 stations by 2026.

Chery Volt-dragon Charger: Released in March 2026. At present, Chery's Volt-dragon Charger is still in the startup stage in terms of network layout. The core task in 2026 is to complete the construction and business model verification of the first batch of 100 V2G demonstration stations in 10 cities, and the ambitious goal of building 20,000 stations will be gradually fulfilled by 2029.

For example: BYD plans to use a three-level network architecture of flagship station + satellite station + community station for large-scale deployment of megawatt flash charging stations through the in-depth vehicle-pile-storage-network coordination to accelerate the construction of a nationwide, grid-friendly, extremely fast recharging network. From 2025 to 2026, BYD's megawatt flash charging stations achieved breakthroughs in first- and second-generation products:

1MW (1000kW) Flash Charger 1.0 (2025): The total power is 1360kW, the peak power of a single gun is 1000kW, and the current of a single gun is 1000A. A range of about 400 kilometers can be achieved after 5 minutes of charging. It can only charge a single vehicle at full power; charging two vehicles simultaneously will result in a significant power reduction due to power diversion.

2100kW Flash Charger 2.0 (2026): The rated maximum output power is 2100kW (2.1 MW), the peak power of a single gun is 1500kW. A range of about 480-500 kilometers can be achieved after 5 minutes of charging. It only takes 9 minutes to go from 10% to 97%, which is close to the refueling speed of a fuel vehicle. T-type dual-gun flexible power sharing:

Only one vehicle is charged: 1500kW ultra-fast flash charging;

Two vehicles are charged at the same time: the two guns share 2100kW, and both vehicles can maintain high power and will not compete with each other for power to make charging slow down.

Heat dissipation and hardware iteration: with fully liquid-cooled suspension slide design, a charging gun only weighs 2kg, easy to operate with one hand; SiC power module upgrade, 1000V/1500A stable output, minimal charging attenuation in -30°C extreme cold environment.

Capacity expansion of supporting energy storage system: The second-generation pile is equipped with a large-capacity energy storage cabinet as standard, which has the capability of peak-shaving and valley-filling.

Mass production of megawatt charging stations has started: passenger car megawatt charging stations are being constructed on a large scale, and commercial vehicles have fully expanded into trunk logistics/heavy truck scenarios

Megawatt supercharging technology (power reaching 1,000 kilowatts and above) is becoming a key breakthrough to promote the full electrification of new energy vehicles. Megawatt charging generally adopts full-domain 1000V and above high-voltage architectures, and some commercial vehicle solutions have been advanced to 1250V-1500V.

In the passenger car field, megawatt supercharging is moving from being a must-have for high-end vehicle models to becoming popular among all vehicle models. Top three companies in passenger car megawatt piles: BYD (1.5MW) > ZEEKR V4 (1.3MW) > Huawei (1MW passenger car solution). All three companies adopt full-domain 1000V/liquid-cooled/energy storage or power pool architectures. BYD has decentralized megawatt charging to RMB110,000 vehicle models (Seal 06/Song Ultra) as the most aggressive proponent of the passenger car megawatt charging route.

Compared with passenger cars, commercial vehicles (especially heavy trucks) have huge battery capacities and require extremely high charging efficiency. MW supercharging can compress the recharging time of heavy trucks to less than 15 minutes, completely opening up the commercial closed loop of replacing fuel with electricity for heavy trucks. China sees the fastest large-scale commercialization: Huawei, BYD, ZEEKR, TELD, Winline Technology, State Grid, etc. have started commercial operations in trunk lines/mining areas/ports, and national standards for megawatt charging are expected to be released within the year. North America is still formulating technical specifications and conducting the first batch of corridor pilots, and Europe relies on Milence/AFIR to promote public MCS corridors.

Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging VS Passenger Car Megawatt Charging:

-Similarity:

a.Both adopt 1000V and above high voltage platforms + SiC power chips

b.Both require full-link liquid cooling (battery end + pile + gun)

c.Both need to handle power grid impact (storage-charging integration/photovoltaic-storage-charging Microgrid/V2mG)

-Difference:

a.Battery capacity: The battery capacity of commercial vehicles is 3-4 times higher than that of passenger cars;

b.Charging rate: The charging rate of commercial vehicle megawatt charging is lower than passenger car megawatt charging, mainly because the commercial vehicle battery capacity is higher;

c.Passenger car megawatt charging and commercial vehicle megawatt charging belong to two separate standard systems, with incompatible interfaces and non-interoperable protocols;

d.Charging interface: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging uses an MCS-specific inverted triangle connector, while passenger car megawatt charging uses the same charging interface as fast charging;

e.Grid access: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging involves 10kV~110kV direct connection, but the grid access voltage of passenger cars is lower than that of commercial vehicles;

f.Thermal management: Commercial vehicle megawatt charging heat dissipation standards are higher, and traditional air cooling has reached the physical limit at 3000A current.

Megawatt charging will inevitably develop toward the in-depth collaboration of "vehicle-station-network":

1.Photovoltaic-storage-charging integration: Megawatt charging stations will be equipped with energy storage systems as standard, using energy storage to cut peaks and fill valleys, and smooth the instantaneous impact of high-power charging on the bulk power grid.

2.Vehicle-to-grid (V2G): A virtual power plant is built by aggregating the battery resources of massive heavy trucks or passenger cars. For example, Tangshan has gathered more than 100,000 heavy trucks to participate in power grid regulation and charge during low load periods, which not only meets recharging needs, but also assists the power grid in peak regulation and obtains financial compensation.

3.Standard system construction: The National Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China (MIIT) has included megawatt charging of commercial vehicles into crucial deployment and promotes the formation of a national recommended standard system covering charging interfaces, diversion, cooling and communications to support the high-speed charging of vehicle models such as heavy trucks.

The energy interaction system of the automotive supercharging system has evolved from one-way recharging to a three-dimensional network with two-way interaction and multi-energy-source collaboration, including V2G, grid-forming supercharging, photovoltaic-storage-charging-swapping integration, and vehicle-pile in-depth collaboration

The automotive supercharging system has four energy interaction models by "interaction object and energy flow", and three layers - physical layer, platform layer and strategy layer by "functional level". The core relationship is: V2X constitutes the underlying layer capability, Microgrid/V2mG and grid-forming supercharging provide the physical carrier, virtual power plants, orderly charging and energy management/trusteeship realize platform aggregation, autonomous driving self-scheduling represents the ultimate form of the future.

1.Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) is scaled up, and vehicles are transformed into "mobile energy storage pools"

The positioning of new energy vehicles is changing from a simple means of transportation to a storage device for new power systems. Relying on V2G (two-way charging and discharging) technology, electric vehicles can realize two-way energy flow of low valley power storage and peak power supply. The national "15th Five-Year Plan" has clearly stated that by 2030, the aggregated adjustable charging scale enabled by V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) will reach approximately 50GW. By participating in peak shaving and valley filling, virtual power plants and aggregation transactions, massive new energy vehicles will become mobile energy storage resources that can be flexibly dispatched by the power grid, achieving deep integration of transportation and energy systems.

2.Grid-forming supercharging technology builds new power system nodes

Grid-forming supercharging is the latest direction in the evolution of supercharging technology. The core idea is to build an independent Microgrid/V2mG in charging stations, so that supercharging stations no longer completely rely on the capacity and stability of the external power grid, but independently establish voltage and frequency through "grid-forming energy storage + photovoltaic-storage-charging integration" to fundamentally handle the impact of high-power supercharging on the power grid. Grid-forming supercharging technology is promoting the transformation of charging infrastructure from a single recharging service to a comprehensive energy service provider through triple (cost reduction, efficiency improvement and emission reduction) value creation.

Grid-forming supercharging represents the paradigm shift of supercharging infrastructure from "depending on the grid" to "self-building the grid", and is the key technical path to solve the contradiction between high-power charging and grid carrying capacity. So far, grid-forming supercharging technology has entered the stage of large-scale application and has become a key layout direction for leading companies in the industry.

PISEN VAULT: In conjunction with Shenzhen Automotive Research Institute of Beijing Institute of Technology, it released the "Photovoltaic-Storage Megawatt Supercharging - Green Electricity Direct Connection Technology Solution" and successfully launched the first grid-forming photovoltaic-storage-charging-discharging integrated demonstration station in Longgang District, Shenzhen;

Huawei Digital Energy: The distributed Microgrid/V2mG solution of "megawatt supercharging + photovoltaic-storage grid-forming" proposed by it has been deployed on a large scale in many high-speed logistics trunk lines and heavy truck operating areas in Shandong and Guangdong to help the electrification of heavy trucks so as to reduce costs and carbon emissions;

State Grid Jibei Electric Power: The first city-level comprehensive supercharging port in Zhangjiakou that integrates photovoltaics, energy storage, supercharging, and V2G in northern Hebei has been put into operation to create a "vehicle-station-grid-energy" collaborative demonstration scenario;

Envision Group: The "Artificial Intelligence Super Storage and Charging Network" released by it uses AI algorithms and intelligent microgrid control to achieve efficient coordination of energy storage and charging, helping the power grid solve capillary problems on the distribution network.

3.Photovoltaic-storage-charging-swapping integration builds a Microgrid/V2mG buffer ecosystem

With the implementation of ultra-high-power charging technologies such as megawatt flash charging, the load-bearing pressure on the power grid has become the biggest bottleneck. The supercharging energy interaction system is accelerating towards "photovoltaic-storage-charging-swap integration". Charging stations will be deeply integrated with photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system (ESS) which stores electricity during off-peak hours and discharges at peak load, mitigating instantaneous impact on the bulk power grid caused by high-power charging. At the same time, supercharging and swapping modes are moving toward scenario-based integration. supercharging-swapping integrated stations leverage shared prefabricated substations and charging modules to significantly reduce energy conversion losses and build a more efficient and adaptable recharging Microgrid/V2mG architecture.

Short-term: Industrial parks and ports take the lead in scaling up, and Microgrid/V2mG pilots in villages and towns are accelerated;

Mid-term: Microgrid/V2mG clusters "go on the grid" through virtual power plant aggregation and participate in power market transactions and grid auxiliary services;

Long-term: Microgrid/V2mG becomes the "standard unit" of the new power system, forming a three-layer "main-distribution-micro" collaborative system with the main grid to achieve precise production, efficient storage and intelligent distribution of energy.

4.Autonomous driving self-scheduling, full-link intelligent interaction

Autonomous driving self-scheduling is the ultimate evolutionary direction of V2G. It fundamentally solves the dispatch problem of VPPs and transforms electric vehicles from passively regulated dispersed resources into autonomous mobile energy storage agents.

When the "mobility capability" of autonomous driving is deeply integrated with the "energy capability" of V2G, every electric vehicle will be a micro power plant that moves autonomously, makes decisions, and trades autonomously. This is not only a revolution in recharging methods, but also the ultimate form of integration of transportation and energy systems.

Product Code: JAF054

1 Overview, Policies, Standards and Development Trends of Charging and Swapping Infrastructure

1.1 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Network System Overview
Classification Modes
Charging Interface Standards and Classifications
Charge Rate
Intelligent Managed Charging/Flexible Charging/VPP
Research Framework
The Trinity of Pile-Vehicle-Grid Marks the Closed Loop of Supercharging Experience
Main Participants
1.2 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure -Promotion and Guiding Policies
China's Overall Roadmap for Charging and Swapping Infrastructure, 2025-2035E
Highway Scenario Promotion Policies (1)
Highway Scenario Promotion Policies (2)
Urban Public Space Promotion Policies
Financial Subsidy Policies (1)
Financial Subsidy Policies (2)
1.3 Standards Related to Global Charging Facilities
Summary of Global Standards
Global Standard Technology Collaboration and Role Division
Development Trends and Evolution Directions of Global Standards
Technical Evolution of Global Megawatt Supercharging Technology
Global Standard Charging Interfaces (1)
Global Standard Charging Interfaces (2)
1.4 Standards Related to Charging Facilities in China
Development and Trends of China Standards
Summary of China's Implementation Standards
Interpretation of GB 39752-2024 Safety Requirements of Electric Vehicle Conductive Supply Equipment (1)
Interpretation of GB 39752-2024 Safety Requirements of Electric Vehicle Conductive Supply Equipment (2)
Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (1)
Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (2)
Interpretation of GB 46519-2025 Minimum Allowable Values of Energy Efficiency and Energy Efficiency Grades for Electric Vehicle Power Supply Equipment (3)
GB/T 27930.2-2024 DC Charging Evolution Route (1)
GB/T 27930.2-2024 DC Charging Evolution Route (2)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (1)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (2)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (3)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (4)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (17)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (18)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (19)
Interpretation of GB/T 27930.2-2024 (20)
Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (1)
Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (2)
Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (3)
Interpretation of GB 44263-2024 Safety Requirements for Electric Vehicle Conductive Charging System (4)
1.5 Standards Related to High-performance Supercharging Batteries
Battery Performance/Safety Standards: Global Framework
Battery Performance/Safety Standards: List
Battery Performance/Safety Standards - Chinese Framework
Summary of Chinese Standards
Technical Trends of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements
Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (1)
Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (2)
Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (3)
Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (4)
Interpretation of GB 38031-2025 Electric Vehicles Traction Battery Safety Requirements (5)
GB/T 31486 Electrical Performance Requirements and Test Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
GB/T 31486-2024 VS GB/T 31486-2015
Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (1)
Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (2)
Interpretation of GB/T 31486-2024 (3)
GB/T 31484 Cycle Life Requirements and Test Methods for Traction Battery of Electric Vehicle
Interpretation of GB/T 31484 (1)
Interpretation of GB/T 31484 (2)
GB/T 31467-2023 Electrical Performance Test Methods for Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System of Electric Vehicles (1)
GB/T 31467-2023 Electrical Performance Test Methods for Lithium-ion Traction Battery Pack and System of Electric Vehicles (2)
1.6 Charging and Swapping Infrastructure - Development Trends
Development Trends of Supercharging System Vehicle-Pile-Battery Technology
Supercharging System's Core Requirements for Vehicles
Supercharging System - Vehicle-Pile-Battery Market Size, 2030E
1.7 China's New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume/Ownership
New Energy Vehicle Ownership, 2030E
EV&PHEV Ownership (Data Table)
New Energy Vehicle Sales Volume Sets a New High in 2026, Accounting for More Than 50% of the Total Vehicle Sales Volume
Ratio of Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume
1.8 China's New Energy Passenger Car Sales Volume
Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume - Powertrain Route Differentiation
Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume - Body Style Trends
Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume by Brand
Domestic Sales Volume + Export Volume by Vehicle Model
1.9 Battery Capacity Per New Energy Vehicle in China
Average Battery Capacity Per Vehicle by Vehicle Model
Battery Capacity/Range of Battery-Electric Passenger Cars in China

2 "Vehicle-Pile-Grid" Full-Link Recharging Ecosystem of OEMs

2.1 OEM High-Voltage Automotive Architecture Is the Core Foundation for Supercharging
Automotive Supercharging System-Supercharging Implementation Approaches
New Energy Vehicle 800V High-Voltage Architecture Enters A Boom Period
Currently, New Energy Vehicles Are in the Transition from 800V Charging to Full-Domain 800V
800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - 400V to 800V Design Solutions
800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - High-Voltage Electrical Topology
800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Components and Parts Requiring Upgrades
800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Vehicle Component Upgrade Selection
800V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Vehicle Component Upgrade Selection: Cost Analysis
1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Next-Gen Technology Direction of High-Voltage Architecture for New Energy Vehicles
1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - Status Quo of 1000V High-Voltage Vehicles
1000V High-Voltage Automotive Architecture - 1500V Silicon Carbide (SiC) Power Modules
2.2 Vehicle Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture of OEMs and Sales Volume
Sales Volume of Passenger Cars with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture in China
Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (1)
Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (2)
Passenger Car Models with 800-1000V High-Voltage Architecture and Sales Volume in China (3)
2.3 Layout of OEMs in 4C/5C/6C Supercharging Batteries and Trends
Summary of Development Strategies
Layout of Mainstream OEMs in Vehicle Models Fitted with High-Rate Supercharging Batteries
Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (1)
Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (2)
Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (3)
Vehicle Model Layout and Trends (4)
2.4 Layout of OEMs in Supercharging Station/Pile Market and Trends
Mainstream Supercharging Stations: Three Strategic Approaches
Configuration Comparison of Mainstream Supercharging Station Solutions
Number and Planning of Self-Operated Supercharging Stations of Mainstream OEMs
Construction Costs of Self-Operated Supercharging Stations of Mainstream OEMs
Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (1)
Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (2)
Supercharging Pile Layout and Construction Planning of Major OEMs (3)
Product Case: BYD MW Flash Charging Station (1)
Product Case: BYD MW Flash Charging Station (2)
2.5 Automotive Supercharging System Components - Automotive High-Voltage Power Supply System
Automotive Power Supply Products
800V High-Voltage Architecture Upgrade
Independent Charging and Distribution Units Are the Mainstream
Power Supply System + Electric Drive integration
Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box
Case of Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box (1)
Case of Power Supply System + Bms/Bdu Integrated Battery Box (2)
High-Voltage Architecture Development Trends
Integrated Power Supply System CDU
Integrated Power Supply System CDU: Product Line and Design Concept
Case of Integrated Power Supply System CDU
2.6 Automotive Supercharging System Components - On-Board Charger (OBC)
On-Board Charger (OBC)
Bidirectional OBC Circuit Structure
OBC Classification by Power
SiC Power Devices
Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept (1)
Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept (2)
2.7 Automotive Supercharging System Components - DC/DC
Working Principle
Automotive-Grade Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture
2.8 Automotive Supercharging System Components - SiC Inverter
Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture (1)
Product Line and Design Concept under High-Voltage Supercharging Architecture (2)
2.9 Automotive Supercharging System Components - High-Voltage Wire Harness
High-Voltage Wiring Harness for Electric Vehicles
Wiring Harness Development Trends
Reconstruction of Wiring Harness Technology under High-Voltage Architecture
Products and Development Trends of Main Suppliers (1)
Products and Development Trends of Main Suppliers (2)
2.10 Automotive Supercharging System Components - High-Voltage DC Relay
Definition and Working Principle
Development Trends
List of Major Suppliers and Products
Product Case (1)
Product Case (2)
2.11 Supercharging Implementation Approach - Boost Charging Technology
Boost Charging Technology
400V-800V Boost Solution
Technical Solutions
Technical Solution Classification
Product Cases of Major Suppliers

3 China's Charging and Swapping Infrastructure Development and Trends

3.1 China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership
Public Piles/Private Piles
Forecast of Ownership and Pile-to-Vehicle Ratio
China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership by Province
China's Charging Infrastructure (Gun) Ownership by Operator
3.2 China's Public Charging Station Ownership
China's Public Charging Station Ownership and Construction Plan
China's Public Charging Station Ownership by Province
China's Public Charging Station Ownership by Operator
3.3 Ownership of Charging Piles in China's Highway Service Areas
Ownership of Charging Piles in China's Highway Service Areas
High-Power Charging Guns Accounted for 14% in 2025
Regional Layout
3.4 China's Overseas Charging Infrastructure
Overseas Modes
Overseas Certification System
The Focus Is on Local Certification and Mutual Recognition of Testing
Overseas Layout of Major Companies
Product Case: Megawatt Flash Charging (1)
Product Case: Megawatt Flash Charging (2)
Product case: Full-Power-Range Products
3.5 China's Swapping Station Ownership and Construction Plan
China's Swapping Station Ownership
China's Swapping Station Ownership by Province
China's Swapping Station Ownership by Operator
China's Swapping Solution Strategic Layout
3.6 China's Overseas Swapping Solutions
Overseas Swapping Network for Passenger Cars/Heavy Trucks
Overseas Standards/Patents
Project Case: NIO's Swapping Station + Direct Operation System + Service Model
Product Case: Overseas QIJI Energy of CATL X Octopus Energy
3.7 Pile-Side Supercharging system
Definition of Ultra-High Power (Supercharging)
Traditional Fast Charging Pile VS Novel Supercharging Pile
Core Component of DC Charging Pile: Charging Pile Module
Mainstream Thermal Management Methods
3.8 Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integrated Station Solution
Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integrated Station Solution
Solution Advantages
Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging System Collaboration
Charging Solutions
Policies/Standards (1)
Policies/Standards (2)
Subsidy Policies and Business Models
Investment Budget for Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging-Inspection-Swap Integration Project
Estimation of Income from Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging-Inspection-Swap Integration Project
Typical Project Cost Analysis
3.9 Photovoltaic-Storage Supercharging Solution
Photovoltaic-Storage Supercharging Solution is the High-Power Advanced Version of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Integration Solution
Component Modules
Project Equipment Participants
Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (1)
Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (2)
Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (3)
Cost Breakdown of Photovoltaic-Storage-Charging Supercharging Station (4)
From Demonstration to Mass Application
Typical Project Cases (1)
Typical Project Cases (2)
Project Cases (1)
Project Cases (2)
Project Cases (3)
Project Cases (4)
Huawei's DC Stack Solution
Development Trends, 2026-2030E
3.10 Megawatt Charging
Core Principle: High Voltage
Core Principle: High Current and Low Internal Resistance Battery
Core Principle: Storage-Charging Integration and Grid Interaction/Communication Protocol
Three-Level (Vehicle/Pile/Gun) Heat Dissipation Architecture
Liquid Cooling of Megawatt Charging
Vehicle/Pile/Gun Heat Dissipation Systems of Typical Vendors
New Communication Requirements for Two-Way Interaction between Megawatt Charging and V2G (2026)
Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging VS Passenger Car Megawatt Charging
Summary of Products and Core Technologies of Major Suppliers (1)
Summary of Products and Core Technologies of Major Suppliers (2)
3.11 Passenger Car Megawatt Charging
From Technological Breakthrough to Large-Scale Popularization
Production Vehicle Models
Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Passenger Car Megawatt Charging Piles
Product Case: BYD's MW Flash Charging Pile
Product Case: ZEEKR's 1.2MW Fully Liquid-Cooled Charging Pile
Product Case: Dongfeng's First 1.2MW Independent High-Power Charging Product
Product Application: China Southern Power Grid's Megawatt Supercharging Pile
3.12 Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging
Megawatt Charging System (MCS)
MCS V2.4~V3.2
Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Standards
Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Piles (1)
Comparison of Core Parameters and Technical Solutions of Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Charging Piles (2)
Application Case: Huawei's Fully Liquid-Cooled Megawatt Supercharging Solution
Application Case: Yingtong Zhilian Digital Technology's Megawatt Charging Solution
3.13 Safety Requirements for Charging and Swapping Facilities
Lightning-Protection and Earthing Requirements (1)
Lightning-Protection and Earthing Requirements (2)
Mandatory Requirements for AC Charging Pile RCD
Mandatory Energy Efficiency Requirements for Power Supply Equipment

4 Development and Trends of Supercharging Battery System

4.1 High-performance Supercharging Battery Development Route
Supercharging System Puts forward All-Round and Cross-Dimensional Requirements for Power Batteries
Ordinary Rechargeable Battery VS High-Performance Supercharging Battery
China's 4C+ Supercharging Battery Market size and Competition Landscape, 2030E
China's 4C+ Supercharging Battery Market size by Technical Route
Comparison of Cycle Life of Sodium-Ion/Lfp/Ternary Batteries in 5C Supercharging
Technical Route Comparison of Two Battery Giants
Supercharging Battery Material Classification
4.2 6C Supercharging Battery
Key Technology Breakthrough Points of Supercharging Batteries
The Marginal Benefits of 6C+ Are Diminishing, and the Balance Between Cost and Performance Becomes The Key
Product Suppliers and Technical Parameters
6C Supercharging Battery Case: SVOLT Energy's Hybrid Solid-Liquid 6C Supercharging Cell
6C Supercharging Battery Case: CALB's Top-Notch "All-Round" Cylinder
6C Supercharging Vehicle Models Launched/Mass-Produced
4.3 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - Fifth-Generation LiFePO4 Battery
Fifth-Generation LiFePO4 Battery
Powder Compacted Density
Product Parameters and Technical Plans of Major Suppliers (1)
Product Parameters and Technical Plans of Major Suppliers (2)
8C Supercharging Battery Case
12C Supercharging Battery Case (1)
12C Supercharging Battery Case (2)
4.4 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - LMFP Battery
Technological Development Advantages/Disadvantages
Process Route
Process Route: Technical Differences
Supercharging Batteries: Typical Product Technology Comparison
Supercharging Battery: BYD's Second-Generation Blade Battery (LMFP)
Supercharging Battery: CATL M3P
Supercharging Battery: Gotion Hi-Tech's Third-Generation Qichen
4.5 Supercharging Battery Technology Route - Sodium-Ion Battery
Status Quo and Key Suppliers
4.6 High-performance Supercharging Battery - Lithium-Air Battery
Lithium-Air Battery (Li-O2 Battery)
Working Principle
Comparison of Four Routes (1)
Comparison of Four Routes (2)
Research Focus and Breakthrough Directions
Key Technological Breakthroughs, 2025-2026
4.7 CATL
Supercharging Battery Technology Iteration/Product Parameters (1)
Supercharging Battery Technology Iteration/Product Parameters (2)
ShenXing Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products
ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery
ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (1)
ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (2)
ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (3)
ShenXing Series: Third-Generation ShenXing Superfast Charging Battery Disassembly (7)
Qilin Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products (1)
Qilin Series: First/Second/Third-Generation Products (2)
Qilin Series: Third-Generation Qilin Battery
Freevoy Series: First/Second-Generation Products
Freevoy Series: Second-Generation Freevoy Super Hybrid Battery
Choco-SEB Battery
Choco-SEB Station Specifications
Supercharging-Swapping Integrated Solution and Construction Planning
Choco-SEB Station Construction Planning
4.8 SEVB
Supercharging Battery Iteration and Product Platform (1)
Supercharging Battery Iteration and Product Platform (2)
Supercharging Battery Product Line
LFP Battery: Xinxingchi Product Line
LFP Battery: Xinxingchi 2.0
LFP Battery: Instillation of Xinxingchi in Vehicles
NCM Battery: Xinxingyao Product Line
NCM battery: Xinxingyao Supercharging Battery 2.0
Cylindrical Battery: Xinxinghuan Product Line
Cylindrical Battery: Mass Production of Xinxinghuan

5 Supercharging System Energy Trading - V2X/System-Level Aggregation Coordination/Grid Support, etc.

5.1 Energy Interaction Solution for Automotive Supercharging System
Development Stages of Functional Models
Panorama of Energy Interaction Patterns
Automotive Supercharging System Energy Interaction System - Evolution
5.2 Supercharging Energy Trading - Managed Charging (V1G)
V2G First Lays out Managed Charging
Working Principle
System Architecture
Communication Protocols and Standard Systems
Application Scenarios
AI-Driven New Trends in 2026
V1G vs V2G
5.3 Supercharging Energy Trading - Point-To-Point Energy Flow (V2X)
Point-To-Point Energy Flow (V2X)
Relationship
Core Protocols/Standards (1)
Core Protocols/Standards (2)
Bidirectional OBC Supports V2X Applications
Position of V2X in Supercharging System
V2L: Scenario Power
V2L: Vehicle Model Layout
V2V: Scenario Power and Vehicle Model Layout
V2H: Scenario Power and Layout
V2B: Scenario Power and Layout
V2G: Scenario Power and Layout
V2G: Supercharging System Policy Support
V2G: Revenue Sharing
V2G: China's V2G Development Roadmap
V2G: Industrial Chain
5.4 Supercharging Energy Trading - Grid-Forming Supercharging
Grid-Forming Supercharging
Architecture Composition
Grid-Forming Supercharging Station System Architecture
Grid-Forming Storage/Supercharging Standard System (1)
Grid-Forming Storage/Supercharging Standard System (2)
Grid-Forming VS Grid-Following
Scenarios and Trends (1)
Scenarios and Trends (2)
State Grid's Grid-Forming Supercharging Station Application Case (1)
State Grid's Grid-Forming Supercharging Station Application Case (2)
Chery's "Volt-dragon Charger" Grid-Forming Supercharging System
Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (1)
Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (2)
Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (3)
Project Case: Huawei's Grid-Forming Storage and Charging Solution (4)
Corporate Grid-Forming Technologies and Products
5.5 Supercharging Energy Trading - VPP
Development Advantages
Positioning in the Energy Internet
Core Functions
Policies and Standard Systems (1)
Policies and Standard Systems (2)
"Guidance on Accelerating the Development of VPPs"
GB/T 47241-2026 Technical Guidelines for Virtual Power Plant
Operation Modes
Market Potential
VPPs - Typical Platforms and Cases
Role in Supercharging Stations
VPP Projects Adopted by Supercharging Stations (1)
VPP Projects Adopted by Supercharging Stations (2)
Development Planning
5.6 Supercharging Energy Trading - Energy Management/Trusteeship
Energy Management/Trusteeship
Relationship with V2G/Supercharging System
Supercharging System Cases
5.7 Supercharging Energy Trading - Microgrid/V2mG
Microgrid/V2mG
Technical Architecture
DC Microgrid/V2mG
Typical Application Scenarios and Cases of DC Microgrid/V2mG
DC Microgrid/V2mG of Supercharging Stations
Application Cases in Supercharging Stations
Technology Development Trends, 2026-2030E
5.8 Supercharging Energy Trading - Autonomous Driving Self-Scheduling
Autonomous Driving Self-Scheduling
Autonomous Decision-Making Closed-Loop Technology Development Path
Five-Layer (Vehicle, Pile, Station, Cloud, Grid) Collaboration
Fleet-level AI Scheduling (SAEV Optimization Framework)
Automatic Recharging: Technical Route
Automatic Recharging: Product Matrix of Representative Enterprises

6 Layout of Main OEMs in Charging & Swapping Facilities and Supercharging Batteries

6.1 BYD
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
High-Voltage Architecture: Super e-Platform
Megawatt Flash Charging: Super e-Platform+ Megawatt Flash Charging Technology
Megawatt Flash Charging System
Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Stations/Piles
Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Station Network Construction Partners/Supply Chain
Megawatt Flash Charging: Flash Charging Station Charging Network and Co-Operators
Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (1)
Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (2)
Supercharging: Full-Domain Smart Fast Charging Technology Cluster (3)
Supercharging Battery: First-Generation Blade Battery VS Second-Generation Blade Battery (1)
Supercharging Battery: First-Generation Blade Battery VS Second-Generation Blade Battery (2)
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (1)
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (2)
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery (3)
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Vehicle Models Supported
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Supply Chain (1)
Supercharging Battery: Second-Generation Blade Battery - Supply Chain (2)
1500V Automotive-Grade SiC Power Chips
Portable Charging Equipment
6.2 Geely Group
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Haohan Energy (Zhejiang Haohan Energy Technology Co., Ltd.)
Gold Brick Battery Technology by Generation
Next-generation Aegis Gold Brick Battery
ZEEKR Haohan Energy Charging Pile: V1/V2/V3/V4 Charging Piles
ZEEKR Haohan Energy Extremely Fast Charging Pile: ZEEKR V4 (Megawatt)
ZEEKR Haohan Energy Extremely Fast Charging Pile: ZEEKR V3
VREMT's HPC/GPC Supercharging Platform for External Supply (1)
VREMT's HPC/GPC Supercharging Platform for External Supply (2)
Swap Station Construction
Home Charging Pile
6.3 Harmony Intelligent Mobility Alliance (HIMA)
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Supercharging Station Operation Models
Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (1)
Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (2)
Huawei's Passenger Car Megawatt Flash Charging Solution (3)
Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (1)
Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (2)
Huawei's Heavy Truck Megawatt Supercharging Solution (3)
6.4 Chery
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery
Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery H Series/E Series
Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery S Series
Supercharging Battery: Rhino Battery Safety
Supercharging-supported Recharging Solution
Supercharging Station: Volt-dragon Charger
V2G
Energy Magic Cube: Six-in-one Smart Energy System (Vehicle/Storage/Charging/Grid/Cloud/Carbon)
6.5 Great Wall Motor (GWM)
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Guiyuan Platform
GWM-ONE Platform: Powertrain Route
GWM-ONE Platform: Vehicle Model Planning
GWM-ONE Platform: Super Hi4 800V+6C of WEY V9X
Self-operated Supercharging Stations
Recharging Network Ecosystem Cooperation
Overseas Self-Built Supercharging Piles
6.6 GAC Group
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
GAC Super Extended Range System Supports 5C Supercharging
Greater Bay Technology's Supercharging Battery

26 Energy Action Strategy

High-Power All-Scenario Charging Solution
Self-Operated Supercharging Station/Pile Construction Planning
Supercharging Pile Matrix
Megawatt Solution: Passenger Car VS Commercial Vehicle
960kW MW DC Pile Solution
480kW DC Pile Solution
6.7 Dongfeng Motor Corporation
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Dongfeng's Self-Developed Megawatt Supercharging Pile
Voyah Power's 168 Energy Solutions and Planning
Voyah's Self-Operated Smart Supercharging Station/Pile
VP1000 Megawatt Supercharging Pile
Voyah Smart Charging Robot
Supercharging Battery Development Planning
4C Supercharging Battery: 120Ah DF-SUNWODA
5C Supercharging Battery: Voyah Amber Battery System 2.0 (1)
5C Supercharging Battery: Voyah Amber Battery System 2.0 (2)
Megawatt Supercharging Stations of Dongfeng Trucks
Dongfeng Motor's V2G Zero-Carbon Super Stations
6.8 Changan Automobile
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (1)
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (2)
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (3)
Supercharging System Construction Path
Avatr: Co-Construction with BP + Huawei Supercharging Alliance
Deepal: Self-built Stations along China National Highway 318 + NIO Interoperability
Swapping: NIO + CATL
6.9 BAIC
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Arcfox's Self-Operated Supercharging Stations
Supercharging-Swapping Integrated Recharging Network Construction
Commercial Vehicle Megawatt Supercharging
6.10 SAIC Motor
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Jieneng's Intelligent Battery Swapping Stations
6.11 FAW Hongqi
12C Supercharging Battery (1)
12C Supercharging Battery (2)
6.12 Tesla
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Supercharger Technology Iteration and Suppliers
V3/V4 Charging Pile
V4 Super Charging Pile
V4 Supercharger: Technical Parameters
Supercharging Battery: 4680 Large Cylinder (NCM + Silicon-based Anode)
Mobile Charging and Automatic Charging Services
Home Charging Piles
6.13 NIO
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (1)
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning (2)
NIO Power (1)
NIO Power (2)
Charging and Swapping Network
BaaS Model
First/Second/Third/Fourth/Fifth-Generation Swap Stations
Fifth-Generation Swap Station
RGV Patented Swap Platform
V2G
V2G: V2G Swap Station
VPP (1)
VPP (2)
640kW Fully Liquid-Cooled Supercharging Pile
Charging Vehicles
Home Charging Piles
6.14 XPeng
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
S4 Superfast Charging Vs S5 Superfast Charging
Supercharging Station Layout
Supercharging Station: S5 Supercharging
Supercharging Station: S4 Supercharging
Supercharging Battery: Technology Planning
Supercharging Battery: Core Suppliers in 2026
Supercharging Battery: Solid-State Battery Automotive-Grade Verification (1)
Supercharging Battery: Solid-State Battery Automotive-Grade Verification (2)
6.15 Li Auto
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Supercharging Network Construction
Supercharging Station: Station Configuration
5C Supercharging Pile
4C Supercharging Pile
6.16 Xiaomi Auto
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Supercharging Station Construction
Supercharging Battery: 4C-5.2C Battery Pack
Supercharging Battery: 4C-5.2C Battery Pack Thermal Management System
Charging Interconnection
Home Charging Piles
Home Charging Robotic Arms
6.17 Leapmotor
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
LEAP 3.5
CTC 2.0
6.18 SAIC-GM-Wuling
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
6C Supercharging Battery: Shenlian Battery 4.0
6C Supercharging Battery: Shenlian Battery M
6.19 Volkswagen
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
CAMS Liquid-Cooled Supercharging Pile + V1G
6.20 BMW
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
BMW Brand's Own Supercharging Stations
Ionchi's Supercharging network
Automatic Charging Robots
6.21 Daimler
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
MMA Platform
MB.EA Platform
Self-Operated Brand Supercharging Stations
Public Charging Network
6.22 Volvo
Charging Infrastructure/High-Performance Supercharging Battery Technology Planning
Premium Charging Stations