Polyurethane Global Market Report 2024

Description

“Polyurethane Global Market Report 2024 ” from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on polyurethane market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.

Where is the largest and fastest growing market for polyurethane? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? “The polyurethane market global report ” from The Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

Scope

Markets Covered:

1) By Product Type: Coatings; Adhesives and sealants; Flexible and rigid foams; Elastomers; Other Product Types
2) By Raw Material: MDI, TDI, Polyols
3) By End User Industry: Furniture; Construction; Electronics & Appliances; Automotive; Footwear; Other End Use Industries
Companies Mentioned: Dow Chemical Company; BASF SE; Covestro AG; Huntsman Corporation; Eastman Chemical Company
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Executive Summary

Polyurethane is a type of plastic polymer material utilized in the creation of modern, versatile, and environmentally friendly consumer and industrial products. It is formed through a chemical reaction involving a polyol (an alcohol with more than two reactive hydroxyl groups per molecule) and a diisocyanate or polymeric isocyanate, in the presence of suitable catalysts and additives. In addition to its widespread use in various applications, polyurethane is also employed in medical devices such as pacemakers, artificial hearts, and other medical equipment designed for blood-contacting applications.

The primary product categories of polyurethane encompass coatings, adhesives and sealants, flexible and rigid foams, elastomers, and other related product types. Adhesives, specifically, are substances capable of effectively bonding materials together through surface attachment, resisting separation. The raw materials used in polyurethane production include MDI, TDI, and polyols. Polyurethane serves end-use industries like furniture manufacturing, construction, electronics and appliances, automotive, footwear, as well as various other sectors.

The polyurethane market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides polyurethane market statistics, including polyurethane industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a polyurethane market share, detailed polyurethane market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the polyurethane industry. This polyurethane market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The polyurethane market size has grown rapidly in recent years. It will grow from $89.92 billion in 2023 to $103.08 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 14.6%. The growth observed during the historical period can be attributed to the contributions of the construction and insulation sector, the automotive industry, the furniture and bedding market, as well as the coatings and adhesives industry.

The polyurethane market size is expected to see rapid growth in the next few years. It will grow to $171.11 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.5%. The anticipated growth in the forecast period can be attributed to the emphasis on sustainability and green initiatives, the pursuit of energy efficiency in building construction, the trend towards lightweighting in the automotive sector, and advancements in medical devices and healthcare applications. Major trends expected in the forecast period include the adoption of bio-based polyurethanes, the integration of smart materials, the development of customized formulations, and the utilization of 3D printing with polyurethanes.

The polyurethane market is experiencing growth driven by the adoption of polyurethane in home furnishings. Furniture manufacturers are increasingly utilizing flexible polyurethane foam (FPF) for cushioning materials in products like upholstered furniture, bedding, and carpet underlay. These advancements are aimed at enhancing comfort, durability, and safety while also providing more predictable and uniform end products. For instance, Flexible Polyurethane Foam (FPF), when subjected to a 90% compression for 22 hours, can recover more than 90% of its original height, outperforming other furniture materials in terms of durability. Moreover, fully cured polyurethane products are considered safe and inert, endorsed by the U.S. EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). This combination of durability, comfort, and safety positions polyurethane as a preferred material in the furniture industry, bolstering demand for polyurethane.

The growing construction industry is expected to be a significant driver of the polyurethane market. Polyurethane's versatility and beneficial properties make it a valuable asset in construction applications, contributing to enhanced energy efficiency, durability, and overall performance. As reported in September 2021, global construction output reached $10.7 trillion in 2020 and is projected to increase by 42%, approximately $4.5 trillion, by 2030 to reach $15.2 trillion. This substantial growth underscores the importance of the construction sector in driving the polyurethane market.

Uncertain environmental regulations have posed challenges to polyurethane providers worldwide. These regulations aim to reduce toxic air pollutant emissions from the flexible polyurethane foam industry and mandate the installation of control equipment at manufacturing facilities. For instance, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) introduced regulations to minimize emissions of the toxic air pollutant methylene chloride from the flexible polyurethane foam sector, requiring manufacturers to eliminate the use of methylene chloride in the production of molded and rebond foam. These regulatory uncertainties present obstacles to the polyurethane market's growth.

The increasing demand for sustainable products across industries such as construction, automotive, and footwear has driven the adoption of bio-based polyurethane (PU). Bio-based polyurethanes are derived from biodegradable materials, offering a sustainable source of precursors for polyol and isocyanate synthesis. These materials are cost-effective, environmentally friendly, and highly biodegradable. Manufacturers are focusing on developing sustainable and environmentally friendly products using renewable materials to cater to the growing demand for flexible foam in various applications. For example, in September 2022, Covestro AG introduced polyether polyols used in products like molded foams, flexible foams, adhesives, sealants, elastomers, and rigid polyurethane foams for insulation in buildings, appliances, and transportation, contributing to improved thermal insulation.

Key players in the polyurethane market are leveraging innovative technologies like V PLUS Perform to enhance their profitability. V PLUS Perform is a mass balance ingredient panel insulation technique that combines and promotes the use of environmentally friendly and energy-efficient materials in structures. For instance, in December 2022, Dow Inc. introduced V PLUS Perform, a polyurethane insulation technology for use in insulated metal panels. This innovation assists insulated panel manufacturers in selecting circular and low-carbon building materials during the design phase.

In June 2023, Mearthane Products Corporation (MPC) acquired American Urethane Inc., providing MPC access to expertise in on-demand thermoset polyurethane products and polyurethane casting and molding capabilities. This acquisition enables MPC to expand its presence in Odenton, Maryland, as American Urethane Inc. specializes in manufacturing polyurethane products.

Major companies operating in the polyurethane market include Dow Chemical Company, BASF SE, Covestro AG, Huntsman Corporation, Eastman Chemical Company, Mitsui Chemicals Inc., DIC Corporation, Nippon Polyurethane Industry Corp. Ltd., Recticel S.A., Woodbridge Foam Corporation, RTP Company Inc., Lanxess AG, Lubrizol Corporation, Tosoh Corporation, DuPont de Nemours Inc., Perstorp AB, Manali Petrochemicals Ltd., Wanhua Chemical Group Co. Ltd., Rampf Holding GmbH & Co. KG, FXI Holdings Inc., Kuwait Polyurethane Industries WLL, Recticel SA, Rogers Corporation, Sheela Foam Ltd., INOAC Corporation, American Urethane Inc., TPC Inc., Weaver Industries Inc., FallLine Corporation, Uniflex Inc.

Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the polyurethane market in 2023. North America was the second-largest region in the global polyurethane market. The regions covered in the polyurethane market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, and Africa.

The countries covered in the polyurethane market report are: Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Italy, Spain, Canada.

The polyurethane market consists of the sales of thermoplastic polyurethanes, polyurethane ionomers, binders, and waterborne polyurethane dispersions. Values in this market are factory gate values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Product Code: r8989

1. Executive Summary

2. Polyurethane Market Characteristics

3. Polyurethane Market Trends And Strategies

4. Polyurethane Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market

5. Global Polyurethane Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Polyurethane Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Polyurethane Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Polyurethane Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Polyurethane Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Coatings
Adhesives And Sealants
Flexible And Rigid Foams
Elastomers
Other Product Types
6.2. Global Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
MDI
TDI
Polyols
6.3. Global Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Furniture
Construction
Electronics And Appliances
Automotive
Footwear
Other End Use Industries

7. Polyurethane Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Polyurethane Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Polyurethane Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Polyurethane Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Polyurethane Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Polyurethane Market

9.1. China Polyurethane Market Overview
9.2. China Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Polyurethane Market

10.1. India Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Polyurethane Market

11.1. Japan Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.2. Japan Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Polyurethane Market

12.1. Australia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Polyurethane Market

13.1. Indonesia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Polyurethane Market

14.1. South Korea Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.2. South Korea Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Polyurethane Market

15.1. Western Europe Polyurethane Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Polyurethane Market

16.1. UK Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Polyurethane Market

17.1. Germany Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Polyurethane Market

18.5. France Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.6. France Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.7. France Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Polyurethane Market

19.9. Italy Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.10. Italy Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.11. Italy Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Polyurethane Market

20.13. Spain Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.14. Spain Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.15. Spain Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Polyurethane Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Polyurethane Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Polyurethane Market

22.1. Russia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Polyurethane Market

23.1. North America Polyurethane Market Overview
23.2. North America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Polyurethane Market

24.1. USA Polyurethane Market Overview
24.2. USA Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Polyurethane Market

25.1. Canada Polyurethane Market Overview
25.2. Canada Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Polyurethane Market

26.1. South America Polyurethane Market Overview
26.2. South America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Polyurethane Market

27.1. Brazil Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Polyurethane Market

28.1. Middle East Polyurethane Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Polyurethane Market

29.1. Africa Polyurethane Market Overview
29.2. Africa Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Product Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By Raw Material, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Polyurethane Market, Segmentation By End User Industry, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Polyurethane Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Polyurethane Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Polyurethane Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Dow Chemical Company
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. BASF SE
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Covestro AG
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Huntsman Corporation
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Eastman Chemical Company
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Global Polyurethane Market Competitive Benchmarking

32. Global Polyurethane Market Competitive Dashboard

33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Polyurethane Market

34. Polyurethane Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

34.1 Polyurethane Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
34.2 Polyurethane Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
34.3 Polyurethane Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
34.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
34.3.2 Competitor Strategies

35. Appendix

35.1. Abbreviations
35.2. Currencies
35.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
35.4. Research Inquiries
35.5. The Business Research Company
35.6. Copyright And Disclaimer