Reach Stacker Global Market Report 2024

Description

“Reach Stacker Global Market Report 2024 ” from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses on reach stacker market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

Reasons to Purchase

Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
Identify growth segments for investment.
Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
Benchmark performance against key competitors.
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Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for reach stacker? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? “The reach stacker market global report ” from The Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

Scope

Markets Covered:

1) By Capacity: Below 30 Ton; 30-45 Ton; Above 45 Ton
2) By Propulsion: Internal Combustion Engine; Electric; Hybrid
3) By Application: Sea Port/ Terminal; Yards/Landside; Industrial
Companies Mentioned: Cargotec Corporation; Komatsu Ltd.; Dalian Forklift Co. Ltd.; Hoist Material Handling Inc.; Hyster-Yale Group Inc.
Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.

Executive Summary

A reach stacker is a vehicle employed for the rapid transportation of intermodal cargo containers across short distances within small or medium-sized terminals or ports. These machines are prominently utilized for stacking and handling diverse types of containers in locations such as ports, railroad stations, and industrial sites.

Reach stackers are categorized primarily based on their capacity, with options below 30 tons, 30-45 tons, and above 45 tons. Reach stackers exceeding 45 tons in capacity are employed for material handling tasks requiring a maximum load lifting capacity exceeding 45 tons. The means of propulsion include internal combustion engines, electric power, and hybrid systems, and they find application in various settings such as seaports or terminals, yards or landside, and industrial environments.

The reach stacker market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides reach stacker market statistics, including reach stacker industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a reach stacker market share, detailed reach stacker market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the reach stacker industry. This reach stacker market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The reach stacker market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $2.45 billion in 2023 to $2.6 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0%. The expansion observed in the historical period can be attributed to the expansion of global trade, the development of port infrastructure, the adoption of renewable energy, the increase in cargo vessel size, and the growing volume of container traffic.

The reach stacker market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $3.28 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 6.0%. The anticipated expansion in the forecast period can be ascribed to environmental regulations, urbanization and industrialization, the expansion of port capacity, the growth of e-commerce, the adoption of renewable energy, and increasing usage in developing regions. Key trends expected in the forecast period encompass the integration of telematics and IoT, the introduction of electric and hybrid reach stackers, advancements in operator comfort and safety, the implementation of automation and remote control systems, as well as a focus on customization and versatility.

The commendable upswing in global seaborne trade is set to propel the reach stacker market in the future. Seaborne trade involves the transportation of goods by ship across the sea, and the trade balance is influenced by the volumes of loaded and discharged goods, intricately tied to transit policies, enterprises, and facilities of other nations. Reach stacker vehicles find application in sea terminals or ports for transporting intermodal cargo containers, supporting seaborne trade. The continued growth in the use of reach stackers brings benefits to consumers worldwide, contributing to lower freight costs, increased shipping efficiency, and enhanced economic liberalization. For example, in October 2022, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Handbook of Statistics reported a 3.2% global increase in seaborne trade in 2021, with developing economies accounting for 55% of goods loaded and 6% of goods discharged globally in 2021. Hence, the surge in global seaborne trade is a driving force for the reach stacker market.

The anticipated growth in international trade exports is poised to drive the expansion of the reach stacker market. International trade involves the exchange of goods, services, and capital across national borders, facilitating the buying and selling of products and services between countries. Reach stackers play a crucial role in optimizing container handling operations, enhancing efficiency, and facilitating the smooth flow of goods in international trade. Their versatility, speed, and adaptability make them valuable assets in the logistics and transportation industry. For instance, in November 2023, the U.S. Census Bureau reported a total exportation of $256.2 billion in the U.S. in March 2023, exceeding February 2023 by $5.3 billion. Therefore, the anticipated growth in international trade exports is fueling the expansion of the reach stacker market.

The escalating urbanization trend is expected to drive the reach stacker market in the future. Urbanization involves the growth of cities and a higher percentage of the population residing in urban areas. This phenomenon leads to an increase in the middle class, subsequently driving demand for infrastructure. Reach stackers, as material-handling vehicles, play a crucial role in loading containers in ports, railroad stations, and industrial sites, contributing to infrastructure development activities. For example, in January 2022, the United States Department of Commerce reported a U.S. population of 332,403,650 in 2022, reflecting a 0.21% increase from 2021. Therefore, the rise in urbanization is a key driver for the growth of the reach stacker market.

Technology-driven solutions are gaining prominence as a major trend in the reach stacker market, with major players introducing innovative solutions to maintain their market position. For example, in May 2022, Camblift, a Sweden-based material handling equipment manufacturer, launched its first reach stacker, providing a safe and ergonomic workplace with higher production efficiency. It is available in both electric and diesel versions, incorporating green fuel technology on a global scale.

Major companies in the reach stacker market are focusing on innovative products, such as reach stackers, to drive revenues. Reach stackers are specialized industrial vehicles used for handling and transporting intermodal containers within shipping yards, ports, and logistics facilities. In March 2023, Konecranes Plc, a Finland-based company specializing in lifting equipment and services, introduced the Liftace reach stacker. These reach stackers are engineered to be compatible with contemporary drive technology and control systems, suitable for various logistical locations due to their high loading capacity and operating speeds. Renowned for their quality, robust construction, and reliability, these reach stackers withstand the rigors of professional freight handling, offering a lifting range of 10 to 46 tons.

Major companies operating in the reach stacker market report are Cargotec Corporation, Komatsu Ltd., Dalian Forklift Co. Ltd., Hoist Material Handling Inc., Hyster-Yale Group Inc., Jay Equipment & Systems Pvt. Ltd., Konecranes Oyj, Liebherr Group, Linde Material Handling GmbH, CVS ferrari S.P.A, SANY Group, Task Forklift, Sca Heavy Equipment Pvt. Ltd., Hangcha Forklift, CTR Manufacturing Industries Private Limited, Toyota Material Handling Group, Kalmar, Terex Corporation, Taylor Machine Works Inc., HANGCHA Group Co. Ltd., Anhui Heli Co. Ltd., Lonking Holdings Limited, Manitou Group, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Ltd., Doosan Corporation Industrial Vehicle, Hyundai Heavy Industries Co. Ltd., Clark Material Handling Company, Crown Equipment Corporation, Raymond Corporation, Yale Materials Handling Corporation, Jungheinrich AG .

Asia-Pacific was the largest region in the reach stacker market in 2023. The regions covered in the reach stacker market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa

The countries covered in the reach stacker market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The reach stacker market consists of sales of reach stackers that operate on compressed natural gas and liquified petroleum gas. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Product Code: r11286

1. Executive Summary

2. Reach Stacker Market Characteristics

3. Reach Stacker Market Trends And Strategies

4. Reach Stacker Market - Macro Economic Scenario

4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On the Market
4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On the Market
4.3. COVID-19 Impact On the Market

5. Global Reach Stacker Market Size and Growth

5.1. Global Reach Stacker Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
5.2. Global Reach Stacker Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
5.3. Global Reach Stacker Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)

6. Reach Stacker Market Segmentation

6.1. Global Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Below 30 Ton
30-45 Ton
Above 45 Ton
6.2. Global Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Internal Combustion Engine
Electric
Hybrid
6.3. Global Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
Sea Port/ Terminal
Yards/Landside
Industrial

7. Reach Stacker Market Regional And Country Analysis

7.1. Global Reach Stacker Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
7.2. Global Reach Stacker Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

8. Asia-Pacific Reach Stacker Market

8.1. Asia-Pacific Reach Stacker Market Overview
Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
8.2. Asia-Pacific Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.3. Asia-Pacific Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8.4. Asia-Pacific Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

9. China Reach Stacker Market

9.1. China Reach Stacker Market Overview
9.2. China Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.3. China Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
9.4. China Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion

10. India Reach Stacker Market

10.1. India Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.2. India Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
10.3. India Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

11. Japan Reach Stacker Market

11.1. Japan Reach Stacker Market Overview
11.2. Japan Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.3. Japan Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11.4. Japan Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

12. Australia Reach Stacker Market

12.1. Australia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.2. Australia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12.3. Australia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

13. Indonesia Reach Stacker Market

13.1. Indonesia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.2. Indonesia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13.3. Indonesia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

14. South Korea Reach Stacker Market

14.1. South Korea Reach Stacker Market Overview
14.2. South Korea Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.3. South Korea Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14.4. South Korea Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

15. Western Europe Reach Stacker Market

15.1. Western Europe Reach Stacker Market Overview
15.2. Western Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.3. Western Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15.4. Western Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

16. UK Reach Stacker Market

16.1. UK Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.2. UK Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16.3. UK Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

17. Germany Reach Stacker Market

17.1. Germany Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.2. Germany Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17.3. Germany Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

18. France Reach Stacker Market

18.1. France Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.2. France Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18.3. France Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

19. Italy Reach Stacker Market

19.1. Italy Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.2. Italy Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19.3. Italy Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

20. Spain Reach Stacker Market

20.1. Spain Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.2. Spain Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20.3. Spain Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

21. Eastern Europe Reach Stacker Market

21.1. Eastern Europe Reach Stacker Market Overview
21.2. Eastern Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.3. Eastern Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21.4. Eastern Europe Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

22. Russia Reach Stacker Market

22.1. Russia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.2. Russia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22.3. Russia Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

23. North America Reach Stacker Market

23.1. North America Reach Stacker Market Overview
23.2. North America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.3. North America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23.4. North America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

24. USA Reach Stacker Market

24.1. USA Reach Stacker Market Overview
24.2. USA Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.3. USA Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24.4. USA Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

25. Canada Reach Stacker Market

25.1. Canada Reach Stacker Market Overview
25.2. Canada Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.3. Canada Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25.4. Canada Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

26. South America Reach Stacker Market

26.1. South America Reach Stacker Market Overview
26.2. South America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.3. South America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26.4. South America Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

27. Brazil Reach Stacker Market

27.1. Brazil Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.2. Brazil Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27.3. Brazil Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

28. Middle East Reach Stacker Market

28.1. Middle East Reach Stacker Market Overview
28.2. Middle East Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.3. Middle East Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28.4. Middle East Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

29. Africa Reach Stacker Market

29.1. Africa Reach Stacker Market Overview
29.2. Africa Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Capacity, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.3. Africa Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Propulsion, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29.4. Africa Reach Stacker Market, Segmentation By Application, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion

30. Reach Stacker Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles

30.1. Reach Stacker Market Competitive Landscape
30.2. Reach Stacker Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. Cargotec Corporation
  - 30.2.1.1. Overview
  - 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.1.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Komatsu Ltd.
  - 30.2.2.1. Overview
  - 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.2.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Dalian Forklift Co. Ltd.
  - 30.2.3.1. Overview
  - 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.3.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Hoist Material Handling Inc.
  - 30.2.4.1. Overview
  - 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.4.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Hyster-Yale Group Inc.
  - 30.2.5.1. Overview
  - 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
  - 30.2.5.3. Strategy
  - 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance

31. Global Reach Stacker Market Competitive Benchmarking

32. Global Reach Stacker Market Competitive Dashboard

33. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Reach Stacker Market

34. Reach Stacker Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis

34.1 Reach Stacker Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
34.2 Reach Stacker Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
34.3 Reach Stacker Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 34.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 34.3.2 Competitor Strategies

35. Appendix

35.1. Abbreviations
35.2. Currencies
35.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
35.4. Research Inquiries
35.5. The Business Research Company
35.6. Copyright And Disclaimer