PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1539586
PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1539586
Alternative Finance Global Market Report 2024
Alternative finance refers to a range of financial channels and instruments that have emerged outside the conventional financial system. It encompasses various innovative funding options available to both individuals and businesses, offering alternatives to traditional banking, stock markets, and conventional investment avenues. This sector provides more accessible, flexible, and diverse funding choices, particularly advantageous for startups, small businesses, and individuals who may encounter obstacles in obtaining finance through traditional routes.
Key types of alternative finance include peer-to-peer lending, crowdfunding, invoice trading, and other methods. Peer-to-peer lending allows individuals or businesses to borrow money directly from other individuals or investors, bypassing traditional financial institutions. These platforms operate through various business models, including traditional lending and alternative marketplace lending, catering to a wide range of users, from enterprises to individual borrowers.
The alternative finance market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides alternative finance market statistics, including alternative finance industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with an alternative finance market share, detailed alternative finance market segments, market trends, and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the alternative finance industry. This alternative finance research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenarios of the industry.
The alternative finance market size has grown exponentially in recent years. It will grow from $216.08 billion in 2023 to $260.65 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 20.6%. The growth observed in the historic period can be attributed to several factors, the proliferation of online platforms and social media, growing adoption of peer-to-peer lending, increased utilization of cryptocurrency and blockchain technology, rising interest in sustainability and green finance initiatives, and the emergence of embedded finance solutions.
The alternative finance market size is expected to see exponential growth in the next few years. It will grow to $559.92 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 21.1%. In the forecast period, growth can be attributed to several factors, the increasing presence of technology-driven lenders, expanding adoption of decentralized finance (DeFi), greater application of artificial intelligence (AI), rising popularity of initial coin offerings (ICOs), and increasing activities in microfinance. Key trends expected in this period include advancements in technology, the integration of AI and data analytics, increased adoption of Internet-of-Things (IoT) technologies, and the emergence of blockchain-based platforms for alternative lending.
The growth of the alternative finance market is expected to be driven by the increasing number of small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs). SMBs are defined by specific criteria related to their size in terms of employees, annual revenue, or assets. The rise in SMBs can be attributed to various factors, including crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending, tax advantages, and business development initiatives. Alternative finance plays a crucial role for SMBs by offering diverse funding options that are more accessible compared to traditional financing methods. This helps address the limitations often encountered with conventional financing.
Leading companies in the alternative finance sector are actively innovating with technologies such as alternative financing platforms to maintain their competitive edge. These platforms are digital tools that enable individuals and businesses to raise capital through methods such as crowdfunding, peer-to-peer lending, invoice financing, and equity crowdfunding, bypassing traditional banking routes. For example, Copernicus Group introduced its alternative financing platform, Copernicus Credit, in July 2021. This platform offers a range of financial services including crowdfunding and peer-to-peer lending, providing streamlined processes that connect fundraisers directly with potential investors or lenders. The platform emphasizes user-friendly interfaces and robust security measures to ensure safe and efficient transactions.
In March 2024, Levenue B.V., a Netherlands-based financial services company, acquired MidFunder AG to strengthen its market presence in Switzerland. This strategic move leverages MidFunder's established customer base and technological capabilities in the alternative financing sector.
Major companies operating in the alternative finance market are PayPal Holdings Inc., Rocket Mortgage, Bread Financial Holdings, Coinbase Global Inc., Social Finance Inc., Affirm Inc., LendingClub Corporation, OnDeck Capital Inc., Fiverr International Ltd., Betterment Holdings Inc., Funding Circle Holdings plc, Prosper Marketplace Inc., RateSetter, Wealthfront Corporation, OurCrowd Ltd., Freelancer Technology Pty Limited, FundingKnight, Indiegogo Inc., Landbay Partners Limited, Assetz Capital, Kiva Microfunds, Kickstarter PBC
North America was the largest region in the alternative finance market in 2023. The regions covered in the alternative finance market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The countries covered in the alternative finance market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The alternative finance market includes revenues earned by entities by providing services such as equity crowdfunding, debt crowdfunding, revenue-based financing, and online microfinance. The market value includes the value of related goods sold by the service provider or included within the service offering. Only goods and services traded between entities or sold to end consumers are included.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
Alternative Finance Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.
This report focuses on alternative finance market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
- Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
- Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
- Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for alternative finance ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The alternative finance market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
- Markets Covered:1) By Type: Peer-To-Peer Lending; Crowdfunding; Invoice Trading; Other Types
- 2) By Business Model: Traditional Lending; Alternate Marketplace Lending
- 3) By End User: Enterprise; Individuals
- Companies Mentioned: PayPal Holdings Inc.; Rocket Mortgage; Bread Financial Holdings; Coinbase Global Inc.; Social Finance Inc.
- Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
- Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
- Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
- Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
- Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
- Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
- Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Alternative Finance Market Characteristics
3. Alternative Finance Market Trends And Strategies
4. Alternative Finance Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Alternative Finance Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Alternative Finance Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Alternative Finance Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Alternative Finance Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Alternative Finance Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Peer-To-Peer Lending
- Crowdfunding
- Invoice Trading
- Other Types
- 6.2. Global Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Traditional Lending
- Alternate Marketplace Lending
- 6.3. Global Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Enterprise
- Individuals
7. Alternative Finance Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Alternative Finance Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Alternative Finance Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Alternative Finance Market
- 9.1. China Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 9.2. China Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Alternative Finance Market
- 10.1. India Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Alternative Finance Market
- 11.1. Japan Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Alternative Finance Market
- 12.1. Australia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Alternative Finance Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Alternative Finance Market
- 14.1. South Korea Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Alternative Finance Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Alternative Finance Market
- 16.1. UK Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Alternative Finance Market
- 17.1. Germany Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Alternative Finance Market
- 18.1. France Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Alternative Finance Market
- 19.1. Italy Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Alternative Finance Market
- 20.1. Spain Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Alternative Finance Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Alternative Finance Market
- 22.1. Russia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Alternative Finance Market
- 23.1. North America Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Alternative Finance Market
- 24.1. USA Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Alternative Finance Market
- 25.1. Canada Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Alternative Finance Market
- 26.1. South America Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Alternative Finance Market
- 27.1. Brazil Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Alternative Finance Market
- 28.1. Middle East Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Alternative Finance Market
- 29.1. Africa Alternative Finance Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By Business Model, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Alternative Finance Market, Segmentation By End User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Alternative Finance Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Alternative Finance Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Alternative Finance Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. PayPal Holdings Inc.
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. Rocket Mortgage
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Bread Financial Holdings
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Coinbase Global Inc.
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Social Finance Inc.
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.1. PayPal Holdings Inc.
31. Alternative Finance Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. Affirm Inc.
- 31.2. LendingClub Corporation
- 31.3. OnDeck Capital Inc.
- 31.4. Fiverr International Ltd.
- 31.5. Betterment Holdings Inc.
- 31.6. Funding Circle Holdings plc
- 31.7. Prosper Marketplace Inc.
- 31.8. RateSetter
- 31.9. Wealthfront Corporation
- 31.10. OurCrowd Ltd.
- 31.11. Freelancer Technology Pty Limited
- 31.12. FundingKnight
- 31.13. Indiegogo Inc.
- 31.14. Landbay Partners Limited
- 31.15. Assetz Capital
32. Global Alternative Finance Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Alternative Finance Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Alternative Finance Market
35. Alternative Finance Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Alternative Finance Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Alternative Finance Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Alternative Finance Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
