The Residential Virtual Power Plant Software Market - 1st Edition

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Figures

Executive Summary

1 Introduction

• 1.1 The electricity market
  • 1.1.1 Europe
  • 1.1.2 North America
• 1.2 Virtual power plants
  • 1.2.1 Distributed energy resources
  • 1.2.2 VPP software solutions
  • 1.2.3 Value proposition of VPPs
• 1.3 Market drivers
  • 1.3.1 Growing EV and renewable adoption increase electricity demand and volatility
  • 1.3.2 VPPs enable deferred or avoided electricity infrastructure upgrades
  • 1.3.3 Increasing electricity prices
  • 1.3.4 Declining costs of solar PV, battery storage systems and other DERs
  • 1.3.5 Value stacking improves the economics for homeowners
  • 1.3.6 FERC Order 2222 unlocks DER market access in the US
  • 1.3.7 NC DR framework to facilitate small-scale DER market participation in the EU
  • 1.3.8 P415 is reshaping access to flexibility markets for DERs in Great Britain

2 Communications Technologies and Standards

• 2.1 3GPP cellular
• 2.2 Wi-Fi
• 2.3 DER standards and protocols
  • 2.3.1 EcoPort/CTA-2045
  • 2.3.2 EEBus
  • 2.3.3 IEEE 2030.5
  • 2.3.4 ISO 15118 - Plug & Charge
  • 2.3.5 Matter
  • 2.3.6 Modbus
  • 2.3.7 MQTT
  • 2.3.8 OpenADR
  • 2.3.9 Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)
  • 2.3.10 SG-Ready
  • 2.3.11 SunSpec

3 Company Profiles and Strategies

• 3.1 Aggregators and market participants
  • 3.1.1 1KOMMA5°
  • 3.1.2 Axle Energy
  • 3.1.3 Base Power
  • 3.1.4 CheckWatt
  • 3.1.5 David Energy
  • 3.1.6 EnergyHub (Alarm.com)
  • 3.1.7 Flexa (Enpal)
  • 3.1.8 Flower Infrastructure Technologies
  • 3.1.9 Frank Energie
  • 3.1.10 Generac
  • 3.1.11 Greenely
  • 3.1.12 Joulen
  • 3.1.13 Kaluza (OVO Group)
  • 3.1.14 Kraken Technologies
  • 3.1.15 Leap
  • 3.1.16 Lumenaza
  • 3.1.17 Lunar Energy
  • 3.1.18 Ostrom
  • 3.1.19 Renew Home
  • 3.1.20 Sonnen (Shell)
  • 3.1.21 Tesla
  • 3.1.22 Tibber
  • 3.1.23 Uplight
  • 3.1.24 Voltalis
  • 3.1.25 Voltus
• 3.2 VPP enablers and platform providers
  • 3.2.1 Beebop.ai
  • 3.2.2 Derapi
  • 3.2.3 Eniris
  • 3.2.4 Enode
  • 3.2.5 ENSEK (Centrica)
  • 3.2.6 Fever Energy
  • 3.2.7 GridX (E.ON)
  • 3.2.8 Kiwigrid
  • 3.2.9 Podero
  • 3.2.10 Saveeye
  • 3.2.11 Smartcar
  • 3.2.12 Texture
  • 3.2.13 Virtual Peaker

4 Market Analysis and Trends

• 4.1 Market forecasts
• 4.2 Value chain analysis
  • 4.2.1 Aggregators and market participants
  • 4.2.2 VPP enablers and platform providers
• 4.3 Trends
  • 4.3.1 Cellular connectivity enhances the reliability of DERs
  • 4.3.2 Vehicle-to-grid to drive significant growth in VPP capacity
  • 4.3.3 MARI and PICASSO enable cross-border energy balancing in Europe
  • 4.3.4 VPPs become critical as energy demand and volatility surge
  • 4.3.5 Reducing friction and providing strong incentives are key to VPP participation
  • 4.3.6 HVAC to remain a primary driver of residential VPP capacity growth

List of Acronyms and Abbreviations

List of Figures

• Figure 1.1: Electricity market statistics (EU27+3 2024/2025)
• Figure 1.2: Top 25 electricity DSO groups (EU27+3 2024)
• Figure 1.3: Electricity generation by energy source (EU27 2025)
• Figure 1.4: Electricity consumption by sector (EU27 2024)
• Figure 1.5: Top 25 electric utilities (US 2024)
• Figure 1.6: Electricity generation by energy source (US 2025)
• Figure 1.7: Electricity consumption by sector (US 2025)
• Figure 1.8: Top 10 electric utilities (Canada 2024)
• Figure 1.9: Electricity generation by energy source (Canada 2023)
• Figure 1.10: Electricity consumption by sector (Canada 2022)
• Figure 1.11: Virtual power plant overview
• Figure 1.12: Examples of residential DERs
• Figure 1.13: Residential DER types
• Figure 1.14: VPP software layers
• Figure 1.15: Average household electricity prices (EU27 and USA 2009–2025)
• Figure 2.1: EcoPort/CTA-2045 communication module plugged into a water heater
• Figure 2.2: Matter application layer
• Figure 3.1: Generac PWRcell 2
• Figure 3.2: Greenely app
• Figure 3.3: Kaluza Energy Intelligence Platform
• Figure 3.4: Leap VPP dashboard
• Figure 3.5: The Gridshare platform
• Figure 3.6: Tesla Powerwall 3 and app
• Figure 3.7: MyVoltalis portal
• Figure 3.8: Derapi connectivity platform
• Figure 3.9: SmartgridOne energy manager device
• Figure 3.10: The XENON platform
• Figure 3.11: Kiwigrid portal and energy managers
• Figure 3.12: EyeQ 300 gateway
• Figure 4.1: Residential VPP market size and forecast (EU27+3 and NA 2025–2030)
• Figure 4.2: The VPP value chain
• Figure 4.3: Top DER aggregators and market participants (EU & NA Q1-2026)