PUBLISHER: DelveInsight | PRODUCT CODE: 2082844
PUBLISHER: DelveInsight | PRODUCT CODE: 2082844
DelveInsight's 'Glioma - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2036' report delivers an in-depth understanding of the Glioma, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the Glioma market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.
The Glioma market report delivers a comprehensive analysis of the current treatment landscape, including standards of care, clinical practices, and evolving therapeutic algorithms. It evaluates glioma patient burden trends, revenue & market share dynamics, peak patient share & therapy uptake analysis, and provides an in-depth market size assessment and growth rate projections (Historical & Forecast 2022-2036) across global regions. The report highlights key unmet medical needs in glioma and maps the competitive and clinical landscape to uncover high-value opportunities, providing a clear outlook on future market growth potential.
Key Factors Driving the Glioma Market
Rising Glioma Prevalence
The increasing incidence and prevalence of glioma, particularly aggressive forms such as glioblastoma, remain a key driver of market growth. Although glioma is a relatively rare cancer, its high mortality and recurrence rates contribute to a sustained patient pool requiring continuous treatment. In major markets such as the US, thousands of new glioma cases are diagnosed annually, and the burden is expected to rise further due to improved diagnostic capabilities and aging populations.
Advancements in Treatment Approaches
The evolution of glioma treatment beyond conventional surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy has significantly contributed to market expansion. The introduction of novel modalities such as tumor treating fields (OPTUNE), targeted therapies for specific mutations (e.g., BRAF inhibitors), immunotherapies, and oncolytic virus therapies has improved clinical outcomes and broadened treatment options, thereby driving therapeutic adoption.
Rising Opportunities in Glioma
Recent progress in immunotherapy, vaccine-based approaches, and precision medicine has created substantial opportunities for emerging players in the glioma market. Innovative therapies such as dendritic cell vaccines including DCVax-L and AV-GBM-1, along with peptide vaccines like SurVaxM, are gaining traction due to their potential to induce durable anti-tumor immune responses. Targeted therapies addressing specific genetic alterations are also expanding the treatment landscape. Agents such as dordaviprone (MODEYSO) for H3K27M-mutant glioma, dabrafenib (TAFINLAR) + trametinib (MEKINIST) for BRAF V600E-mutant tumors, and vorasidenib (VORANIGO) for IDH-mutant glioma highlight the growing importance of biomarker-driven treatment approaches.
In parallel, novel platforms such as oncolytic viruses including DNX-2401 and teserpaturev and targeted agents like regorafenib and AV-GBM-1 are being actively investigated, further strengthening the pipeline.
Emerging Glioma Competitive Landscape
The emerging glioma competitive landscape is highly dynamic and increasingly driven by innovation across immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and novel delivery platforms. A diverse pipeline of active investigational therapies is being developed to address the significant unmet need in both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioma, particularly glioblastoma, where current standards offer limited survival benefit. Among the most competitive segments, cancer vaccines and cell-based immunotherapies are gaining strong momentum, with candidates such as DCVax-L, SurVaxM, AV-GBM-1, and ITI-1000 showing encouraging clinical outcomes. These therapies aim to induce durable anti-tumor immune responses and are increasingly being evaluated in combination with standard-of-care regimens, positioning them as potential game changers in long-term disease control.
Another key competitive class includes oncolytic viruses, such as DNX-2401, teserpaturev, and Ofranergene Obadenovec. These agents offer a dual mechanism of direct tumor cell lysis and immune activation, making them particularly attractive for overcoming tumor resistance and immunosuppressive microenvironments. Their continued advancement in mid-to-late stage trials highlights their competitive potential. In the targeted therapy space, several late-stage and emerging agents are intensifying competition. These include enzastaurin, regorafenib, and paxalisib. These therapies are designed to target specific molecular pathways involved in glioma progression and are expected to play a critical role in biomarker-driven treatment approaches.
Additionally, novel metabolic and membrane-targeting therapies such as LAM561 and BBB-penetrating cytotoxic agents like berubicin are expanding the competitive landscape by addressing key challenges such as drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier and tumor resistance.
Overall, the emerging glioma pipeline reflects a shift toward multi-mechanistic and combination-based strategies, with increasing emphasis on immunotherapy, precision medicine, and improved CNS penetration. As clinical data matures and regulatory milestones are achieved, these active emerging therapies are expected to intensify competition, reshape treatment paradigms, and drive the future growth of the glioma market.
Glioma Overview and Diagnosis
Glioma is the most common central nervous system (CNS) neoplasm originating from glial cells. They are very diffusely infiltrative tumors that affect the surrounding brain tissue. Three common types of gliomas are classified based on phenotypic cell characteristics: Astrocytomas, ependymomas, and oligodendrogliomas. Gliomas are caused by the accumulation of genetic mutations in glial stem or progenitor cells, leading to their uncontrolled growth. Gliomas are further classified into Grades I-IV. Glioblastoma (GBM Grade IV) is the most malignant type, while pilocytic astrocytomas (Grade I) are the least malignant brain tumors among these Grades I-IV. Mutated genes are typically involved in the etiology of glioma. Examples of mutated genes in certain types of glioma include TP53, PTEN (tumor suppressor genes), BRAF (involved in cell growth), and IDH1 (involved in cellular metabolism).
Glioma Diagnosis
The diagnosis of glioma includes neurological exams (this exam tests vision, hearing, speech, strength, sensation, balance, coordination, reflexes, and the ability to think and remember), angiograms, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computerized tomography (CT), surgical biopsy, and others. The patient's journey typically starts with the onset of symptoms like seizures, unusual headaches, mood and sensory disturbances, and difficulties in walking. Following an initial visit with a general practitioner, during which the patient underwent a complete physical examination, and the results revealed a few alarming findings related to a brain tumor, the patient was referred to a neuro-oncologist. Further, a neuro-oncologist will immediately recommend an MRI, given that it is the most prominent imaging method, gives good brain images, and aids in the accurate differential diagnosis of brain cancers. A biopsy is carried out to determine the disease's stage if the MRI scans reflect glioma. Moreover, molecular examination of biomarkers may be applied to evaluate the type and grade. Once the grade of the glioma is determined, the appropriate treatment is provided to the patient.
Glioma Treatment
Therapeutic management depends on the type of glioma, its size and location, and the specific characteristics of the patient. Especially in patients where the tumor cannot be entirely removed because it invades the brain in crucial areas or is not accessible, chemotherapy and radiation therapy will follow surgery. The standard treatment regimen includes surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. Chemotherapy includes carmustine (BCNU), lomustine (CCNU), or gleostine (generic), Gliadel wafer (biodegradable discs infused with BCNU), temozolomide (TEMODAR) cisplatin, carboplatin, etoposide, and irinotecan. They may be given as a single agent or combination, i.e., PCV (procarbazine, CCNU, and vincristine), carboplatin/ etoposide. Temozolomide and bevacizumab are the most commonly used drugs to treat brain tumors. However, the current treatment market lacks an effective strategy to cure glioma, so the survival rate of patients diagnosed with glioma remains low. Glioma is not curable, and approved treatment options are limited. Moreover, the tumor has a high recurrence rate and poor patient prognosis. Also, currently there is no approved therapy for unmethylated MGMT patient pool.
Glioma Unmet Needs
The section "unmet needs of Glioma" outlines the critical gaps between the current state of patient care, diagnosis, and the ideal & effective management of the disease. It highlights the obstacles experienced by patients, clinicians, and researchers and identifies potential solutions for future progress.
Comprehensive unmet needs insights in Glioma and their strategic implications are provided in the full report.
Key Findings from Glioma Epidemiological Analysis and Forecast
Glioma Drug Chapters & Competitive Analysis
The Glioma drug chapter provides a detailed, market-focused review of approved therapies and the emerging pipeline across Phase I-III clinical trials. It covers the mechanism of action, clinical trial data, regulatory approvals, patents, collaborations, and strategic partnerships for each therapy, along with their advantages, limitations, and recent developments. This section offers critical insights into the glioma treatment landscape, supporting market assessment, competitive analysis, and growth forecasting for the glioma therapeutics market.
Approved Therapies for Glioma
Vorasidenib (VORANIGO): Servier Pharmaceuticals
Vorasidenib (VORANIGO) is a first-in-class, brain-penetrant inhibitor targeting IDH1 and IDH2 enzymes. Vorasidenib acts by inhibiting mutant IDH1 and IDH2 enzymes, which reduces the production of the oncometabolite D-2-hydroxyglutarate (2-HG) that drives tumor growth. On August 6, 2024, the US FDA approved vorasidenib (VORANIGO), an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) and isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) inhibitor, for adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with Grade 2 astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma with a susceptible IDH1 or IDH2 mutation, following surgery including biopsy, sub-total resection, or gross total resection.
Emerging Therapies for Glioma
Regorafenib: Bayer
Regorafenib is an oral multi-kinase inhibitor that potently blocks multiple protein kinases involved in tumor angiogenesis (VEGFR1, -2, -3, TIE2), oncogenesis (KIT, RET, RAF-1, BRAF), metastasis (VEGFR3, PDGFR, FGFR) and tumor immunity (CSF1R). It is an inhibitor of multiple membrane-bound and intracellular kinases involved in normal cellular functions and pathologic processes such as oncogenesis, tumor angiogenesis, and maintenance of the tumor microenvironment.
In November 2025, Regorafenib (STIVARGA) in combination with temozolomide (TEMODAR) and radiotherapy was tolerable for the treatment of patients with MGMT-methylated, IDH wild-type glioblastoma, according to data from the phase 1 REGOMA-2 study (NCT06095375) presented during the 2025 Society of Neuro-Oncology Annual Meeting.
Glioma Key Players, Market Leaders and Emerging Companies
Glioma Drug Updates
Drug Class Insights
Gliomas are classified into four grades based on differentiation, with Grade I being least malignant and Grade IV (glioblastoma, GBM) being the most aggressive with poor prognosis. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach due to tumor heterogeneity and variable treatment response. The current standard of care includes maximum safe surgical resection followed by radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide (TEMODAR), with the addition of OPTUNE (tumor treating fields) in eligible patients. In the recurrent setting, bevacizumab (AVASTIN) remains a key therapeutic option.
From a market perspective, high-grade gliomas, particularly GBM, continue to dominate due to high unmet need and poor survival outcomes. While low-grade gliomas historically had limited options, recent approvals and advancements in targeted therapies such as dabrafenib (TAFINLAR) + trametinib (MEKINIST) are expanding treatment opportunities in molecularly defined populations.
The pipeline remains active but challenging, with moderate attrition rates in late-stage trials. Prominent emerging therapies include vaccines such as DCVax-L and SurVaxM, oncolytic viruses such as DNX-2401 and teserpaturev (DELYTACT). Additionally, regorafenib is being actively evaluated and is included in treatment guidelines for recurrent GBM in some settings.
Current treatment patterns across major markets remain consistent, centered on surgery followed by chemoradiation, with targeted and novel therapies gradually being incorporated. Future growth will be driven by precision medicine, biomarker-driven therapies (e.g., IDH, H3K27M), and combination strategies. However, challenges such as lack of robust biomarkers, high clinical trial failure rates, and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment continue to limit progress.
Overall, despite significant challenges, continued innovation across immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and novel platforms is expected to gradually reshape the glioma treatment landscape in the coming years.
Drug Class/Insights into Leading Emerging and Marketed Therapies in Glioma (2022-2036 Forecast)
The existing glioma treatment landscape is primarily dominated by therapeutic classes such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, alkylating agents, MAPK pathway inhibitors, IDH inhibitors, multikinase inhibitors, and emerging targeted and immunotherapy approaches. Among anti-angiogenic agents, bevacizumab (AVASTIN) remains a key therapy designed to inhibit VEGF, a signaling protein that promotes tumor angiogenesis. By blocking VEGF, bevacizumab prevents the formation of new blood vessels that supply nutrients and oxygen to tumors, thereby restricting tumor growth. Although widely used, its role is largely confined to recurrent settings due to modest survival benefits.
Moving to alkylating agents, temozolomide (TEMODAR/TEMODAL) continues to serve as the backbone of glioma therapy. It acts by methylating DNA, leading to DNA damage and inhibition of tumor cell replication. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and its strong clinical evidence in combination with radiation therapy have driven its widespread adoption and sustained utilization in both newly diagnosed and recurrent glioma. Other agents such as carmustine and lomustine also contribute to this class, particularly in specific treatment settings.
Targeted therapies are increasingly shaping the glioma market, particularly with the emergence of biomarker-driven approaches. IDH inhibitors such as vorasidenib (VORANIGO) represent a significant advancement, targeting IDH-mutant gliomas and demonstrating the ability to delay disease progression and postpone the need for more aggressive treatments. Similarly, newer agents such as dordaviprone (MODEYSO) are gaining attention for their activity in specific molecular subtypes, further reinforcing the shift toward precision oncology.
In the MAPK pathway segment, dabrafenib (TAFINLAR) and trametinib (MEKINIST) target BRAF V600E-mutant gliomas by inhibiting key signaling proteins involved in tumor growth. These agents, used as monotherapy or in combination, have demonstrated improved outcomes in biomarker-selected populations. Competing agents within this class, such as tovorafenib (DAY101), are also emerging, highlighting growing competition within targeted therapy segments.
Furthermore, multikinase inhibitors such as regorafenib are being explored in recurrent glioma and offer an alternative mechanism by targeting multiple signaling pathways involved in tumor proliferation and angiogenesis. Moreover, the upcoming glioma treatment landscape is poised for significant expansion with the emergence of novel therapeutic classes. These include cancer vaccines (e.g., DCVax-L, SurVaxM), oncolytic viruses (e.g., DNX-2401), and protein kinase C beta inhibitors such as enzastaurin, and cell and gene therapies (e.g., ofranergene obadenovec/VB-111). These emerging approaches aim to overcome key limitations of current treatments, including resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and poor long-term outcomes. Over the forecast period (2022-2036), these innovations are expected to diversify the therapeutic landscape, enhance treatment efficacy, and gradually shift glioma management toward more personalized and mechanism-driven strategies.
Glioma Drug Uptake
This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during the forecast period (2026-2036). The analysis covers the glioma market's uptake by drugs, patient uptake by therapy, and sales of each drug.
The uptake of therapies in glioma is expected to evolve significantly across standard chemotherapies, targeted therapies, device-based treatments, and emerging immunotherapies. Established treatments such as temozolomide (TEMODAR) and bevacizumab (AVASTIN) are anticipated to maintain baseline utilization due to their long-standing inclusion in clinical guidelines; however, their growth is expected to stabilize given limited impact on long-term survival. Device-based therapy such as OPTUNE will continue to witness steady adoption, particularly in newly diagnosed glioblastoma, supported by survival benefits in combination with chemotherapy.
A major shift in uptake is being driven by newly approved targeted therapies. vorasidenib (VORANIGO), approved in 2024 for IDH-mutant low-grade glioma, is expected to see strong and sustained uptake in early-stage, biomarker-defined populations due to its ability to significantly delay disease progression and defer the need for more toxic therapies. Similarly, dordaviprone (MODEYSO), approved in 2025 for H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma, represents a breakthrough in a high unmet need segment and is expected to witness rapid uptake in eligible patients, particularly in recurrent settings where treatment options have historically been limited. These agents mark a transition toward precision medicine and are likely to capture increasing market share over the forecast period.
In contrast, other targeted therapies such as dabrafenib (TAFINLAR) + trametinib (MEKINIST) and multikinase inhibitors like regorafenib are expected to see moderate uptake in niche, biomarker-selected populations. Their adoption will be driven by molecular testing uptake and clinical positioning in later lines of therapy.
Emerging therapies including cancer vaccines such as DCVax-L and SurVaxM, oncolytic viruses such as DNX-2401 and teserpaturev, and investigational agents like ONC201 are expected to demonstrate gradual but progressive uptake over the forecast period. Their adoption will depend on clinical trial outcomes, regulatory approvals, and validation of predictive biomarkers. As combination strategies with existing standards of care (including OPTUNE) are optimized, these therapies are anticipated to gain traction, particularly in recurrent and treatment-resistant glioma populations.
Overall, the glioma drug uptake landscape is shifting from a historically chemotherapy-dominated paradigm toward a biomarker-driven, targeted, and immunotherapy-based approach. Newly approved agents such as vorasidenib and dordaviprone are expected to redefine treatment algorithms, while emerging therapies will further diversify the market and gradually improve patient outcomes over the 2022-2036 forecast period.
Glioma Therapies Price Scenario & Trends
Pricing and analogue assessment of glioma therapies highlights evolving price dynamics structures. This section summarizes the cost of approved treatments, closest and most appropriate analogue selection for emerging therapies, and understanding of how pricing influences market access, adherence, and long-term uptake.
The wholesale acquisition cost (WAC) of temozolomide (TEMODAR) oral capsules varies by strength; for example, a 100 mg capsule costs approximately USD 150-200 per unit, resulting in an estimated annual cost of USD 6,000-12,000 depending on dosing regimen and treatment duration.
The Cost of Therapy is INDICATIVE and will be provided in the updated report...
Industry Experts and Physician Views for Glioma
To keep up with glioma market trends, we take Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry experts were contacted for insights on the glioma emerging therapies, evolving treatment landscape, patient adherence to conventional therapies, therapy switching trends, drug adoption and uptake, accessibility challenges, and epidemiology and real-world prescription patterns in glioma, including MD, PhD, Instructor, Postdoctoral Researcher, Professor, Researcher, and others.
DelveInsight's analysts connected with 10+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 6+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the Michigan State University, University of California, and the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, etc. were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging glioma therapies, highlight unmet medical needs, provide epidemiological context, and support strategic decisions for market access, therapy adoption, and pipeline prioritization in glioma.
Qualitative Analysis: SWOT and Conjoint Analysis
We perform qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and conjoint analysis.
In the SWOT analysis of Glioma, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided.
Conjoint analysis analyzes emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.
The team of analysts analyzes promising emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated, whereas the therapies' safety is evaluated, wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.
Market Insights