Low-Grade Glioma - Market Insights, Epidemiology, and Market Forecast - 2036

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Insights and Trends

• Low-grade gliomas (LGGs) are a diverse group of primary brain tumors that often occur in young, otherwise healthy patients and are characterized by an indolent, slow-growing course with longer survival compared to high-grade gliomas. Given their favorable prognosis and prolonged survival, treatment decisions must carefully balance benefits against potential treatment-related risks.
• Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) and Isocitrate dehydrogenase 2 (IDH2) are the most frequently mutated genes in LGG, occurring in over 70% of cases. BRAF V600E mutations are less common but are seen in pilocytic astrocytoma and several non-pilocytic pediatric low-grade gliomas, including ganglioglioma, desmoplastic infantile ganglioglioma, and about two-thirds of pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas.
• According to the secondary search, the incidence of Grade 2 astrocytoma is 0.44 per 100,000 persons, and that of Grade 3 is 0.39 per 100,000 persons. Oligodendroglioma is less common, with an incidence of 0.23 per 100,000 persons for Grade 2 and 0.11 per 100,000 persons for Grade 3 in the United States.
• LGG are tumors categorized as Grades 1 or 2, because they are not very aggressive, are less likely to spread, and are slow-growing which makes them more treatable.
• Pediatric LGG is a type of tumor that affects the brain and spinal cord. LGG is the most common central nervous system (CNS) tumor in children, accounting for approximately 30% of all childhood CNS tumors.
• Pediatric low-grade gliomas (PLGG) are the most common brain tumors in children. Although they are slow-growing compared to high-grade tumors, approximately 50% of patients who undergo surgery experience relapse and require further treatment.
• LGG are managed using a multimodal approach including maximal safe surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and targeted therapies, with active surveillance in selected cases.
• Approved therapies for LGG is primarily driven by molecular subtypes, including vorasidenib (VORANIGO) for IDH-mutant Grade 2 glioma, dabrafenib + trametinib (TAFINLAR + MEKINIST) for BRAF V600E-mutant pediatric LGG, and tovorafenib (OJEMDA) for relapsed or refractory BRAF-altered pediatric LGG.
• LGG are relatively slow-growing infiltrative primary brain tumors that almost invariably undergo malignant transformation. The standard of care consists of maximum safe resection, the potential use of chemo radiation for high-risk patients, and lifelong radiographic surveillance, with the goal of treatment to delay malignant transformation and maximize the quality of life.
• The LGG pipeline is gradually expanding, with a primary focus on targeted therapies, particularly IDH and BRAF inhibitors rather than a broad range of novel mechanisms.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Size and Forecast in the 7MM

• 2025 LGG Market Size: ~USD 1,000 million
• LGG Growth Rate (2026-2036): ~4% CAGR

Numbers are subjected to change with report updation, clinical information updates etc.

DelveInsight's 'Low Grade Glioma (LGG) - Market Insights, Epidemiology and Market Forecast - 2036' report delivers an in-depth understanding of the LGG, historical and forecasted epidemiology, as well as the LGG market trends in the United States, EU4 (Germany, Spain, Italy, and France) and the United Kingdom, and Japan.

The Low Grade Glioma (LGG) market report delivers a comprehensive analysis of the current treatment landscape, including standards of care, clinical practices, and evolving therapeutic algorithms. It evaluates LGG patient burden trends, revenue & market share dynamics, peak patient share & therapy uptake analysis, and provides an in-depth market size assessment, and growth rate projections (Historical & Forecast 2022-2036) across global regions. The report highlights key unmet medical needs in Low Grade Glioma (LGG) and maps the competitive and clinical landscape to uncover high-value opportunities, providing a clear outlook on future market growth potential.

Key Factors Driving the Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market

Rising LGG Incidence

The overall incidence of low-grade glioma (LGG) is gradually increasing, particularly among younger populations and children, acting as a key driver of the LGG market expansion. In the United States, there were approximately 9,400 incident cases of LGG in 2025, which are projected to increase further by 2036.

Rising Opportunities in LGG

Emerging opportunities in LGG treatment are driven by novel mechanisms of action (MoA), particularly IDH inhibitors, BRAF/MEK inhibitors, and targeted molecular therapies addressing specific genetic alterations. Additionally, growing research into immunotherapy, epigenetic modulators, and combination strategies is expanding the therapeutic landscape beyond conventional approaches.

Emerging LGG Competitive Landscape

Safusidenib, mirdametinib, and other emerging targeted therapies are shaping the evolving competitive landscape in LGG.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Understanding and Treatment Algorithm

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Overview and Diagnosis

LGG is a group of slow-growing primary brain tumors classified as WHO Grade II that typically affect younger individuals, often in the prime of life. These tumors are associated with a relatively favorable prognosis compared to high-grade gliomas and are characterized by key molecular alterations, particularly IDH1/IDH2 mutations and sometimes BRAF mutations. Despite their indolent nature, LGGs are heterogeneous and can progress or recur over time, leading to variable clinical outcomes.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Diagnosis

Diagnosis of LGG involves a combination of imaging, histopathology, and molecular testing. MRI is the preferred modality, where LGGs typically appear T1 hypointense and T2/FLAIR hyperintense, with minimal or patchy contrast enhancement. CT scans may show low-density lesions with occasional calcifications, especially in oligodendrogliomas. While advanced imaging techniques like MRS and PET can support evaluation, histopathological examination remains the gold standard for diagnosis and grading. Molecular markers such as IDH mutation and 1p/19q codeletion are essential for accurate classification.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Treatment

Treatment of LGG involves a multimodal approach tailored to tumor characteristics and patient factors. Maximal safe surgical resection is the primary treatment to reduce tumor burden and obtain tissue for diagnosis. In selected cases, especially asymptomatic patients, active surveillance (watch-and-wait) may be considered. Radiotherapy is used for progressive or high-risk disease to control tumor growth. Chemotherapy, such as temozolomide or PCV regimen, is often added in higher-risk patients. Increasingly, targeted therapies (e.g., IDH and BRAF inhibitors) are being incorporated based on molecular alterations.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Unmet Needs

The section "unmet needs of Low Grade Glioma (LGG)" outlines the critical gaps between the current state of patient care, diagnosis, and the ideal & effective management of the disease. It highlights the obstacles experienced by patients, clinicians, and researchers and identifies potential solutions for future progress.

1. Limited approved targeted therapies, especially for non-IDH/BRAF patients

2. Risk of tumor progression and recurrence despite treatment

3. Need for better biomarkers for prognosis and treatment selection

4. Long-term treatment-related toxicities impacting quality of life, and others.....

Comprehensive unmet needs insights in Low Grade Glioma (LGG) and their strategic implications are provided in the full report.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Epidemiology

Key Findings from Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Epidemiological Analysis and Forecast

• According to DelveInsight's estimates, the total incident population of LGG in the United States was ~3,800 in 2025 with a growing at a CAGR in the study period.
• In 2025, the distribution of low-grade glioma (LGG) cases in the United States shows a higher burden in Grade II tumors compared to Grade I tumors, indicating that Grade II LGGs constitute the majority of diagnosed cases.
• In the United States, diffuse astrocytoma (~35%) represents the highest proportion of low-grade glioma cases, followed closely by pilocytic astrocytoma (~30%), indicating these as the dominant histopathological subtypes within LGG.
• In LGG, the highest number of cases is observed in the <18 years age group, followed by the 18-44 years group, while the lowest cases are reported in patients aged >=75 years.
• In the United States, IDH mutations (80%) represent the predominant molecular alteration in low-grade glioma (LGG), while BRAF alterations are observed in a smaller proportion of cases.
• In LGG (Grade II) in the United States, non-enhancing tumors predominate, while enhancing tumors represent a smaller proportion of cases.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Drug Chapters & Competitive Analysis

The LGG drug chapter provides a detailed, market-focused review of approved therapies and the emerging pipeline across Phase I-III clinical trials. It covers the mechanism of action, clinical trial data, regulatory approvals, patents, collaborations, and strategic partnerships for each therapy, along with their advantages, limitations, and recent developments. This section offers critical insights into the LGG treatment landscape, supporting market assessment, competitive analysis, and growth forecasting for the LGG therapeutics market.

Approved Therapies for Low Grade Glioma (LGG)

Tovorafenib (OJEMDA): Day One Biopharmaceuticals and Ipsen

OJEMDA is a kinase inhibitor indicated for the treatment of patients 6 months of age and older with relapsed or refractory pediatric LGG harboring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement, or BRAF V600 mutation. OJEMDA can shrink tumors. It is a clinically proven oral targeted therapy for children as young as 6 months living with pLGG that's returned or is unresponsive to current treatment caused by an abnormal BRAF gene. Once-a-week OJEMDA is available in both tablet and liquid form. It can be taken conveniently at home, or where your family is most comfortable.

Vorasidenib (VORANIGO): Servier Pharmaceutical

VORANIGO (40 mg tablets) is a prescription medicine used to treat adults and children 12 years of age and older with certain types of brain tumors called astrocytoma or oligodendroglioma with an isocitrate dehydrogenase-1 (IDH1) or isocitrate dehydrogenase-2 (IDH2) mutation, following surgery. Your healthcare provider will perform a test to make sure that VORANIGO is right for you. It is not known if VORANIGO is safe and effective in children under 12 years of age.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Pipeline Analysis

Safusidenib: Nuvation Bio

Safusidenib is a novel, oral, potent, brain-penetrant, selective inhibitor of mutant IDH1. In Phase I and Phase II clinical studies, safusidenib delayed disease progression and provided durable responses across grades and risk groups with a favorable risk-benefit profile. The drug is currently being evaluated in the ongoing Phase III (SIGMA) study for the maintenance treatment of patients with IDH1-mutant astrocytoma who have high-risk features following standard-of-care.

SIGMA is a pivotal Phase III study that will evaluate safusidenib compared to placebo as a maintenance therapy after standard-of-care in IDH1-mutant astrocytoma with high-risk features. The pivotal portion of the study will enroll approximately 300 patients. The data is anticipated to be available in 2029.

Mirdametinib: Springworks Therapeutics

Mirdametinib was designed to inhibit MEK1 and MEK2, which occupy pivotal positions in the MAPK pathway. The MAPK pathway is a key signaling network that regulates cell growth and survival and plays a central role in multiple cancers and rare diseases when dysregulated. Mirdametinib is an investigational agent whose safety and efficacy have not been demonstrated. In the middle of 2021, the company initiated a Phase I/II clinical trial, which St. Jude Children's Research Hospital sponsored, to evaluate mirdametinib in patients with LGG.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Key Players, Market Leaders and Emerging Companies

• Day One Biopharmaceuticals
• Ipsen
• Servier Pharmaceutical
• Kazia Therapeutics
• Novartis
• Nuvation Bio
• Springworks Therapeutics, and others

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Drug Updates

• In April 2026, Nuvation Bio announced the company had amended its existing exclusive license agreement for safusidenib with Daiichi Sankyo to include Japan rights, effectively securing exclusive global development and commercialization rights of the investigational medicine. Which enables Nuvation Bio to expand its ongoing pivotal SIGMA study of safusidenib into Japan, and provides rights to all previously generated and future data to support further publication of safusidenib results in IDH1-mutant glioma.
• According to the March 2026 corporate presentation of Day One Biopharmaceuticals, FIREFLY-2 (pivotal Phase III) is evaluating tovorafenib in the front-line RAF-altered pLGG setting, with full enrollment expected in 1H 2026 and topline data anticipated by mid-2027 to support potential approval in 2028.
• In February 2026, Ipsen announced that the Committee for Medicinal Products for Human Use (CHMP) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) had issued a positive opinion recommending the conditional marketing authorization of tovorafenib as monotherapy for the treatment of patients 6 months of age and older with pLGG harbouring a BRAF fusion or rearrangement or BRAF V600 mutation, who have progressed after one or more prior systemic therapies.
• In November 2025, Day One Biopharmaceuticals announced three-year results from the OJEMDA pivotal Phase II (FIREFLY-1) trial in an oral presentation at the 30th Annual Meeting & Education Day of the Society for Neuro-Oncology.

Drug Class Insights

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Outlook

The LGG market is evolving with advances in classification by the World Health Organization and growing emphasis on molecular profiling (e.g., 1p/19q co-deletion) to guide treatment decisions. Standard care includes surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, with Temozolomide and PCV regimen widely used to extend survival, though these approaches are not curative and are associated with long-term toxicities.

The treatment landscape is shifting toward targeted therapies aimed at specific genetic alterations. Emerging drugs such as safusidenib (IDH1 inhibitor), mirdametinib (MEK inhibitor), and tovorafenib (OJEMDA) are expected to improve disease control and delay progression while potentially reducing reliance on radiation.

LGG market is projected to grow steadily, driven by better diagnosis, increasing use of personalized medicine, and a robust pipeline. However, key unmet needs remain, including delaying malignant transformation, optimizing treatment sequencing, and minimizing cognitive and long-term treatment-related side effects.

Overall, the launch of first-in-class therapies, improved diagnostic approaches, and increasing disease awareness are expected to drive steady growth in the 7MM LGG market from 2022-2036, with strong commercial implications for both marketed products and emerging pipelines.

• According to the estimates, the largest market size of LGG was captured by the United States, i.e., ~USD 600 million in 2025.
• The LGG market is shifting from conventional treatments toward targeted therapies, with IDH, MEK, and RAF inhibitors gaining traction due to improved efficacy and potential for reduced long-term toxicity compared to traditional options like Temozolomide.
• The entry of mid- to late-stage candidates such as safusidenib and mirdametinib is expected to intensify competition in the LGG treatment landscape during the forecast period.

Numbers are subjected to change with report updation, clinical information updates etc. Further details will be provided in the report....

Drug Class/Insights into Leading Emerging and Marketed Therapies in Low Grade Glioma (LGG) (2022-2036 Forecast)

The LGG market comprises targeted small molecules and biologics, and T-cell co-stimulation modulators alongside conventional and supportive therapies, each addressing distinct immunologic pathways and inflammatory mechanisms underlying LGG.

• Small molecules: The pipeline is largely composed of targeted small molecules, including safusidenib (IDH1 inhibitor), mirdametinib (MEK inhibitor). These agents are designed to inhibit specific molecular drivers such as IDH mutations and MAPK pathway alterations, offering improved selectivity and potentially better safety profiles.
• RAF kinase inhibitors (MAPK pathway inhibitors): OJEMDA (tovorafenib), developed by Day One Biopharmaceuticals and Ipsen, is a selective type II RAF kinase inhibitor that targets MAPK pathway alterations in pLGG. Its approval highlights the growing role of RAF-targeted therapies in managing tumors driven by BRAF alterations.
• IDH inhibitors (Metabolic pathway inhibitors): VORANIGO (vorasidenib), from Servier, is a dual IDH1/IDH2 inhibitor that blocks mutant IDH-driven oncometabolite production, addressing a key driver in grade 2 astrocytoma and oligodendroglioma and representing a major advancement in targeted LGG therapy.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Drug Uptake

This section focuses on the uptake rate of potential drugs expected to be launched in the market during the forecast period (2026-2036). The analysis covers the LGG market's uptake by drugs, patient uptake by therapy, and sales of each drug.

The LGG treatment landscape is evolving with moderate to fast-paced development, driven by targeted therapies addressing key molecular pathways. Recently approved agents such as OJEMDA (tovorafenib) and VORANIGO (vorasidenib), along with the combination of TAFINLAR + MEKINIST, demonstrate medium-fast uptake by targeting MAPK and IDH pathways. Emerging therapies such as mirdametinib (MEK inhibitor) and safusidenib (IDH1 inhibitor) show moderate development progress, further strengthening the precision medicine approach. Overall, the LGG market is characterized by a focused but steadily advancing pipeline, with innovation concentrated on molecularly defined subgroups.

Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Therapies Price Scenario & Trends

Pricing and analogue assessment of LGG therapies highlights evolving price dynamics structures. This section summarizes the cost of approved treatments, closest and most appropriate analogue selection for emerging therapies, and understanding of how pricing influences market access, adherence, and long-term uptake.

Further details are provided in the final report....

Industry Experts and Physician Views for Low Grade Glioma (LGG)

To keep up with LGG market trends, we take Key Opinion Leaders (KOLs) and Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) opinions working in the domain through primary research to fill the data gaps and validate our secondary research. Industry experts were contacted for insights on the LGG emerging therapies, evolving treatment landscape, patient adherence to conventional therapies, therapy switching trends, drug adoption and uptake, accessibility challenges, and epidemiology and real-world prescription patterns in LGG, including MD, PhD, Instructor, Postdoctoral Researcher, Professor, Researcher, and others.

DelveInsight's analysts connected with 10+ KOLs to gather insights; however, interviews were conducted with 6+ KOLs in the 7MM. Centers such as the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Berlin Institute of Health at Charite, and the University of Nottingham, etc. were contacted. Their opinion helps understand and validate current and emerging LGG therapies, highlight unmet medical needs, provide epidemiological context, and support strategic decisions for market access, therapy adoption, and pipeline prioritization in LGG.

Qualitative Analysis: SWOT and Conjoint Analysis

We perform qualitative and market Intelligence analysis using various approaches, such as SWOT analysis and conjoint analysis.

In the SWOT analysis of Low Grade Glioma (LGG), strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in terms of disease diagnosis, patient awareness, patient burden, competitive landscape, cost-effectiveness, and geographical accessibility of therapies are provided.

Conjoint analysis analyzes emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. Scoring is given based on these parameters to analyze the effectiveness of therapy.

The team of analysts analyzes promising emerging therapies based on relevant attributes such as safety, efficacy, frequency of administration, route of administration, and order of entry. In efficacy, the trial's primary and secondary outcome measures are evaluated, whereas the therapies' safety is evaluated, wherein the acceptability, tolerability, and adverse events are majorly observed. In addition, the scoring is also based on the route of administration, order of entry, probability of success, and the addressable patient pool for each therapy. According to these parameters, the final weightage score and the ranking of the emerging therapies are decided.

Scope of the Report:

• The report covers a segment of key events, an executive summary, a descriptive overview of LGG, explaining its causes, signs and symptoms, pathogenesis, and currently available treatments.
• Comprehensive insight has been provided into the epidemiology segments and forecasts, the future growth potential of the diagnosis rate, and disease progression along treatment guidelines.
• Additionally, an all-inclusive account of both the current and emerging treatments, along with the elaborative profiles of late-stage and prominent therapies, will have an impact on the current treatment landscape.
• A detailed review of the LGG market, historical and forecasted market size, market share by therapies, detailed assumptions, and rationale behind our approach is included in the report, covering the 7MM drug outreach.
• The report provides an edge while developing business strategies by understanding trends through SWOT analysis and expert insights/KOL views, patient journey, and treatment preferences that help in shaping and driving the 7MM LGG market.

Report Insights

• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Patient Population Forecast
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Therapeutics Market Size
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Pipeline Analysis
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Size and Trends
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Opportunity (Current and forecasted)

Report Key Strengths

• Epidemiology-based (Epi-based) Bottom-up Forecasting
• Artificial Intelligence (AI)-enabled Market Research Report
• 11-year forecast
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Outlook (North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific)
• Patient Burden Trends (by geography)
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Treatment Addressable Market (TAM)
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Competitive Landscape
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Major Companies Insights
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Price Trends and Analogue Assessment
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Therapies Drug Adoption/Uptake
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Therapies Peak Patient Share analysis

Report Assessment

• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Current Treatment Practices
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Unmet Needs
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Clinical Development Analysis
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Emerging Drugs Product Profiles
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Market Attractiveness
• Low Grade Glioma (LGG) Qualitative Analysis (SWOT and Conjoint Analysis)

FAQs:

Market Insights

• What was the Low Grade Glioma (LGG) market size, the market size by therapies, market share (%) distribution in 2025, and what would it look like by 2036? What are the contributing factors for this growth?
• What are the anticipated pricing variations among different geographies for the emerging therapies in the future?
• What can be the future treatment paradigm of Low Grade Glioma (LGG)?
• What are the disease risks, burdens, and unmet needs of Low Grade Glioma (LGG)? What will be the growth opportunities across the 7MM concerning the patient population with Low Grade Glioma (LGG)?
• Who is the major future competitor in the market, and how will the competitors affect their market share?
• What are the current options for the treatment of Low Grade Glioma (LGG)? What are the current guidelines for treating Low Grade Glioma (LGG) in the US, Europe, and Japan?

Reasons to Buy:

• The report will help in developing business strategies by understanding the latest trends and changing treatment dynamics driving the Low Grade Glioma (LGG) market.
• Bottom up forecasting builds from the affected population to product forecasts, delivering a robust, data driven approach ideal for new therapies and novel classes.
• Insights on patient burden/disease incidence, evolution in diagnosis, and factors contributing to the change in the epidemiology of the disease during the forecast years.
• Understand the existing market opportunities in varying geographies and the growth potential over the coming years.
• Identifying strong upcoming players in the market will help devise strategies to help get ahead of competitors.
• Detailed analysis and ranking of class-wise potential current and emerging therapies under the conjoint analysis section to provide visibility around leading classes.
• To understand KOLs' perspectives on the accessibility, acceptability, and compliance-related challenges of existing treatment to overcome barriers in the future.
• Detailed insights on the unmet needs of the existing market so that the upcoming players can strengthen their development and launch strategy.
• This Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled report summarize and simplify complex datasets within the report into clear, actionable insights for stakeholders, investors, and healthcare providers, enabling faster, data driven decisions.