The Global Market for Printed, Flexible and Hybrid Electronics 2024-2034

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. The evolution of electronics
• 1.2. Markets for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
  • 1.2.1. Macro-trends
  • 1.2.2. Healthcare and wellness
  • 1.2.3. Automotive
  • 1.2.4. Buildings and construction
  • 1.2.5. Energy storage and harvesting
  • 1.2.6. E-Textiles
  • 1.2.7. Consumer electronics
  • 1.2.8. Smart packaging and logistics
• 1.3. The wearables revolution
• 1.4. The wearable tech market in 2023
• 1.5. Continuous monitoring
• 1.6. Market map for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
• 1.7. Wearable market leaders
• 1.8. What is printed/flexible electronics?
  • 1.8.1. Motivation for use
  • 1.8.2. From rigid to flexible and stretchable
    • 1.8.2.1. Stretchable electronics
    • 1.8.2.2. Stretchable electronics in wearables
    • 1.8.2.3. Stretchable electronics in Medical devices
    • 1.8.2.4. Stretchable electronics in sensors
    • 1.8.2.5. Stretchable electronics in energy harvesting
    • 1.8.2.6. Stretchable artificial skin
• 1.9. Role in the metaverse
• 1.10. Wearable electronics in the textiles industry
• 1.11. New conductive materials
• 1.12. Entertainment
• 1.13. Growth in flexible and stretchable electronics market
  • 1.13.1. Recent growth in Printed, flexible and hyrbid products
  • 1.13.2. Future growth
  • 1.13.3. Advanced materials as a market driver
  • 1.13.4. Growth in remote health monitoring and diagnostics
• 1.14. Innovations at CES 2021-2023
• 1.15. Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2023
• 1.16. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
  • 1.16.1. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) revenues
• 1.17. Global market revenues, 2018-2034
  • 1.17.1. Consumer electronics
  • 1.17.2. Medical & healthcare
  • 1.17.3. E-textiles and smart apparel
  • 1.17.4. Displays
  • 1.17.5. Automotive
  • 1.17.6. Smart buildings
  • 1.17.7. Smart packaging

2. MANUFACTURING METHODS

• 2.1. Comparative analysis
• 2.2. Printed electronics
  • 2.2.1. Technology description
  • 2.2.2. SWOT analysis
• 2.3. 3D electronics
  • 2.3.1. Technology description
  • 2.3.2. SWOT analysis
• 2.4. Analogue printing
  • 2.4.1. Technology description
  • 2.4.2. SWOT analysis
• 2.5. Digital printing
  • 2.5.1. Technology description
  • 2.5.2. SWOT analysis
• 2.6. In-mold electronics (IME)
  • 2.6.1. Technology description
  • 2.6.2. SWOT analysis
• 2.7. Roll-to-roll (R2R)
  • 2.7.1. Technology description
  • 2.7.2. SWOT analysis

3. MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

• 3.1. Component attachment materials
  • 3.1.1. Conductive adhesives
  • 3.1.2. Biodegradable adhesives
  • 3.1.3. Magnets
  • 3.1.4. Bio-based solders
  • 3.1.5. Bio-derived solders
  • 3.1.6. Recycled plastics
  • 3.1.7. Nano adhesives
  • 3.1.8. Shape memory polymers
  • 3.1.9. Photo-reversible polymers
  • 3.1.10. Conductive biopolymers
  • 3.1.11. Traditional thermal processing methods
  • 3.1.12. Low temperature solder
  • 3.1.13. Reflow soldering
  • 3.1.14. Induction soldering
  • 3.1.15. UV curing
  • 3.1.16. Near-infrared (NIR) radiation curing
  • 3.1.17. Photonic sintering/curing
  • 3.1.18. Hybrid integration
• 3.2. Conductive inks
  • 3.2.1. Metal-based conductive inks
  • 3.2.2. Nanoparticle inks
  • 3.2.3. Silver inks
  • 3.2.4. Particle-Free conductive ink
  • 3.2.5. Copper inks
  • 3.2.6. Gold (Au) ink
  • 3.2.7. Conductive polymer inks
  • 3.2.8. Liquid metals
• 3.3. Printable semiconductors
• 3.4. Printable sensing materials
• 3.5. Flexible Substrates
• 3.6. Flexible ICs
• 3.7. Printed PCBs
  • 3.7.1. High-Speed PCBs
  • 3.7.2. Flexible PCBs
  • 3.7.3. 3D Printed PCBs
  • 3.7.4. Sustainable PCBs
• 3.8. Thin film batteries
• 3.9. Energy harvesting

4. CONSUMER ELECTRONICS

• 4.1. Macro-trends
• 4.2. Market drivers
• 4.3. SWOT analysis
• 4.4. Wearable sensors
• 4.5. Wearable actuators
• 4.6. Recent market developments
• 4.7. Wrist-worn wearables
  • 4.7.1. Overview
  • 4.7.2. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers
    • 4.7.2.1. Sensing
    • 4.7.2.2. Actuating
  • 4.7.3. Health monitoring
  • 4.7.4. Energy harvesting for powering smartwatches
  • 4.7.5. Main producers and products
• 4.8. Sports and fitness
  • 4.8.1. Overview
  • 4.8.2. Wearable devices and apparel
  • 4.8.3. Skin patches
  • 4.8.4. Products
• 4.9. Hearables
  • 4.9.1. Technology overview
  • 4.9.2. Assistive Hearables
    • 4.9.2.1. Biometric Monitoring
  • 4.9.3. Health & Fitness Hearables
  • 4.9.4. Multimedia Hearables
  • 4.9.5. Artificial Intelligence (AI)
  • 4.9.6. Companies and products
• 4.10. Sleep trackers and wearable monitors
  • 4.10.1. Built in function in smart watches and fitness trackers
  • 4.10.2. Smart rings
  • 4.10.3. Headbands
  • 4.10.4. Sleep monitoring devices
    • 4.10.4.1. Companies and products
• 4.11. Pet and animal wearables
• 4.12. Military wearables
• 4.13. Industrial and workplace monitoring
  • 4.13.1. Products
• 4.14. Global market revenues
• 4.15. Market challenges

5. MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE/WELLNESS

• 5.1. Macro-trends
• 5.2. Market drivers
• 5.3. SWOT analysis
• 5.4. Current state of the art
  • 5.4.1. Electrochemical biosensors
  • 5.4.2. Skin patches for continuous monitoring
  • 5.4.3. Printed pH sensors
  • 5.4.4. Wearable medical device products
  • 5.4.5. Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
• 5.5. Wearable and health monitoring and rehabilitation
  • 5.5.1. Market overview
  • 5.5.2. Companies and products
• 5.6. Electronic skin patches
  • 5.6.1. Electronic skin sensors
  • 5.6.2. Conductive hydrogels for soft and flexible electronics
  • 5.6.3. Nanomaterials-based devices
    • 5.6.3.1. Graphene
  • 5.6.4. Liquid metal alloys
  • 5.6.5. Conductive hydrogels for soft and flexible electronics
  • 5.6.6. Printed batteries
  • 5.6.7. Materials
    • 5.6.7.1. Summary of advanced materials
  • 5.6.8. SWOT analysis
  • 5.6.9. Temperature and respiratory rate monitoring
    • 5.6.9.1. Market overview
    • 5.6.9.2. Companies and products
  • 5.6.10. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)
    • 5.6.10.1. Market overview
  • 5.6.11. Minimally-invasive CGM sensors
    • 5.6.11.1. Technologies
  • 5.6.12. Non-invasive CGM sensors
    • 5.6.12.1. Commercial devices
    • 5.6.12.2. Companies and products
  • 5.6.13. Cardiovascular monitoring
    • 5.6.13.1. Market overview
    • 5.6.13.2. ECG sensors
      • 5.6.13.2.1. Companies and products
    • 5.6.13.3. PPG sensors
      • 5.6.13.3.1. Companies and products
  • 5.6.14. Pregnancy and newborn monitoring
    • 5.6.14.1. Market overview
    • 5.6.14.2. Companies and products
  • 5.6.15. Hydration sensors
    • 5.6.15.1. Market overview
    • 5.6.15.2. Companies and products
  • 5.6.16. Wearable sweat sensors (medical and sports)
    • 5.6.16.1. Market overview
    • 5.6.16.2. Companies and products
• 5.7. Wearable drug delivery
  • 5.7.1. Companies and products
• 5.8. Cosmetics patches
  • 5.8.1. Companies and products
• 5.9. Femtech devices
  • 5.9.1. Companies and products
• 5.10. Smart footwear for health monitoring
  • 5.10.1. Companies and products
• 5.11. Smart contact lenses and smart glasses for visually impaired
  • 5.11.1. Companies and products
• 5.12. Smart woundcare
  • 5.12.1. Companies and products
• 5.13. Smart diapers
  • 5.13.1. Companies and products
• 5.14. Wearable robotics-exo-skeletons, bionic prostheses, exo-suits, and body worn collaborative robots
  • 5.14.1. Companies and products
• 5.15. Global market revenues
• 5.16. Market challenges

6. ELECTRONIC TEXTILES (E-TEXTILES) AND SMART APPAREL

• 6.1. Macro-trends
• 6.2. Market drivers
• 6.3. SWOT analysis
• 6.4. Performance requirements for E-textiles
• 6.5. Growth prospects for electronic textiles
• 6.6. Textiles in the Internet of Things
• 6.7. Types of E-Textile products
  • 6.7.1. Embedded e-textiles
  • 6.7.2. Laminated e-textiles
• 6.8. Materials and components
  • 6.8.1. Integrating electronics for E-Textiles
    • 6.8.1.1. Textile-adapted
    • 6.8.1.2. Textile-integrated
    • 6.8.1.3. Textile-based
  • 6.8.2. Manufacturing of E-textiles
    • 6.8.2.1. Integration of conductive polymers and inks
    • 6.8.2.2. Integration of conductive yarns and conductive filament fibers
    • 6.8.2.3. Integration of conductive sheets
  • 6.8.3. Flexible and stretchable electronics in E-textiles
  • 6.8.4. E-textiles materials and components
    • 6.8.4.1. Conductive and stretchable fibers and yarns
      • 6.8.4.1.1. Production
      • 6.8.4.1.2. Metals
      • 6.8.4.1.3. Carbon materials and nanofibers
        • 6.8.4.1.3.1. Graphene
        • 6.8.4.1.3.2. Carbon nanotubes
        • 6.8.4.1.3.3. Nanofibers
    • 6.8.4.2. Mxenes
    • 6.8.4.3. Hexagonal boron-nitride (h-BN)/Bboron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs)
    • 6.8.4.4. Conductive polymers
      • 6.8.4.4.1. PDMS
      • 6.8.4.4.2. PEDOT: PSS
      • 6.8.4.4.3. Polypyrrole (PPy)
      • 6.8.4.4.4. Conductive polymer composites
      • 6.8.4.4.5. Ionic conductive polymers
    • 6.8.4.5. Conductive inks
      • 6.8.4.5.1. Aqueous-Based Ink
      • 6.8.4.5.2. Solvent-Based Ink
      • 6.8.4.5.3. Oil-Based Ink
      • 6.8.4.5.4. Hot-Melt Ink
      • 6.8.4.5.5. UV-Curable Ink
      • 6.8.4.5.6. Metal-based conductive inks
        • 6.8.4.5.6.1. Nanoparticle ink
        • 6.8.4.5.6.2. Silver inks
        • 6.8.4.5.6.3. Copper inks
        • 6.8.4.5.6.4. Gold (Au) ink
      • 6.8.4.5.7. Carbon-based conductive inks
        • 6.8.4.5.7.1. Carbon nanotubes
        • 6.8.4.5.7.2. Single-walled carbon nanotubes
        • 6.8.4.5.7.3. Graphene
      • 6.8.4.5.8. Liquid metals
        • 6.8.4.5.8.1. Properties
    • 6.8.4.6. Electronic filaments
    • 6.8.4.7. Phase change materials
      • 6.8.4.7.1. Temperature controlled fabrics
    • 6.8.4.8. Shape memory materials
    • 6.8.4.9. Metal halide perovskites
    • 6.8.4.10. Nanocoatings in smart textiles
    • 6.8.4.11. 3D printing
      • 6.8.4.11.1. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)
      • 6.8.4.11.2. Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)
      • 6.8.4.11.3. Products
  • 6.8.5. E-textiles components
    • 6.8.5.1. Sensors and actuators
      • 6.8.5.1.1. Physiological sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.2. Environmental sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.3. Pressure sensors
        • 6.8.5.1.3.1. Flexible capacitive sensors
        • 6.8.5.1.3.2. Flexible piezoresistive sensors
        • 6.8.5.1.3.3. Flexible piezoelectric sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.4. Activity sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.5. Strain sensors
        • 6.8.5.1.5.1. Resistive sensors
        • 6.8.5.1.5.2. Capacitive strain sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.6. Temperature sensors
      • 6.8.5.1.7. Inertial measurement units (IMUs)
    • 6.8.5.2. Electrodes
    • 6.8.5.3. Connectors
• 6.9. Applications, markets and products
  • 6.9.1. Current E-textiles and smart clothing products
  • 6.9.2. Temperature monitoring and regulation
    • 6.9.2.1. Heated clothing
    • 6.9.2.2. Heated gloves
    • 6.9.2.3. Heated insoles
    • 6.9.2.4. Heated jacket and clothing products
    • 6.9.2.5. Materials used in flexible heaters and applications
  • 6.9.3. Stretchable E-fabrics
  • 6.9.4. Therapeutic products
  • 6.9.5. Sport & fitness
    • 6.9.5.1. Products
  • 6.9.6. Smart footwear
    • 6.9.6.1. Companies and products
  • 6.9.7. Wearable displays
  • 6.9.8. Military
  • 6.9.9. Textile-based lighting
    • 6.9.9.1. OLEDs
  • 6.9.10. Smart gloves
  • 6.9.11. Powering E-textiles
    • 6.9.11.1. Advantages and disadvantages of main battery types for E-textiles
    • 6.9.11.2. Bio-batteries
    • 6.9.11.3. Challenges for battery integration in smart textiles
    • 6.9.11.4. Textile supercapacitors
    • 6.9.11.5. Energy harvesting
      • 6.9.11.5.1. Photovoltaic solar textiles
      • 6.9.11.5.2. Energy harvesting nanogenerators
        • 6.9.11.5.2.1. TENGs
        • 6.9.11.5.2.2. PENGs
      • 6.9.11.5.3. Radio frequency (RF) energy harvesting
  • 6.9.12. Motion capture for AR/VR
• 6.10. Global market revenues
• 6.11. Market challenges

7. ENERGY

• 7.1. Macro-trends
• 7.2. Market drivers
• 7.3. SWOT analysis
• 7.4. Applications of printed and flexible electronics
• 7.5. Flexible and stretchable batteries for electronics
• 7.6. Battery market megatrends
• 7.7. Solid-state thin film batteries
  • 7.7.1. Introduction
    • 7.7.1.1. Features and advantages
    • 7.7.1.2. Technical specifications
    • 7.7.1.3. Types
    • 7.7.1.4. Microbatteries
      • 7.7.1.4.1. Introduction
      • 7.7.1.4.2. Materials
        • 7.7.1.4.2.1. Applications
      • 7.7.1.4.3. 3D designs
        • 7.7.1.4.3.1. 3D printed batteries
    • 7.7.1.5. Bulk type solid-state batteries
    • 7.7.1.6. Shortcomings and market challenges for solid-state thin film batteries
• 7.8. Flexible batteries (including stretchable, rollable, bendable and foldable)
  • 7.8.1. Technical specifications
    • 7.8.1.1. Approaches to flexibility
      • 7.8.1.1.1. Flexible electronics
      • 7.8.1.1.2. Flexible materials
  • 7.8.2. Flexible and wearable Metal-sulfur batteries
  • 7.8.3. Flexible and wearable Metal-air batteries
  • 7.8.4. Flexible Lithium-ion Batteries
    • 7.8.4.1. Electrode designs
    • 7.8.4.2. Fiber-shaped Lithium-Ion batteries
    • 7.8.4.3. Stretchable lithium-ion batteries
    • 7.8.4.4. Origami and kirigami lithium-ion batteries
  • 7.8.5. Flexible Li/S batteries
    • 7.8.5.1. Components
    • 7.8.5.2. Carbon nanomaterials
  • 7.8.6. Flexible lithium-manganese dioxide (Li-MnO2) batteries
  • 7.8.7. Flexible zinc-based batteries
    • 7.8.7.1. Components
      • 7.8.7.1.1. Anodes
      • 7.8.7.1.2. Cathodes
    • 7.8.7.2. Challenges
    • 7.8.7.3. Flexible zinc-manganese dioxide (Zn-Mn) batteries
    • 7.8.7.4. Flexible silver-zinc (Ag-Zn) batteries
    • 7.8.7.5. Flexible Zn-Air batteries
    • 7.8.7.6. Flexible zinc-vanadium batteries
  • 7.8.8. Fiber-shaped batteries
    • 7.8.8.1. Carbon nanotubes
    • 7.8.8.2. Types
    • 7.8.8.3. Applications
    • 7.8.8.4. Challenges
  • 7.8.9. Transparent batteries
    • 7.8.9.1. Components
  • 7.8.10. Degradable batteries
    • 7.8.10.1. Components
  • 7.8.11. Flexible and stretchable supercapacitors
    • 7.8.11.1. Nanomaterials for electrodes
    • 7.8.11.2. Energy harvesting combined with wearable energy storage devices
• 7.9. Printed batteries
  • 7.9.1. Technical specifications
    • 7.9.1.1. Components
      • 7.9.1.1.1. Design
    • 7.9.1.2. Key features
    • 7.9.1.3. Printable current collectors
    • 7.9.1.4. Printable electrodes
    • 7.9.1.5. Materials
    • 7.9.1.6. Applications
    • 7.9.1.7. Printing techniques
    • 7.9.1.8. Applications
  • 7.9.2. Lithium-ion (LIB) printed batteries
  • 7.9.3. Zinc-based printed batteries
  • 7.9.4. 3D Printed batteries
    • 7.9.4.1. 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
    • 7.9.4.2. Materials for 3D printed batteries
      • 7.9.4.2.1. Electrode materials
      • 7.9.4.2.2. Electrolyte Materials
  • 7.9.5. Printed supercapacitors
    • 7.9.5.1. Electrode materials
    • 7.9.5.2. Electrolytes
• 7.10. Photovoltaics
  • 7.10.1. Conductive pastes
  • 7.10.2. Organic photovoltaics (OPV)
  • 7.10.3. Perovskite PV
  • 7.10.4. Flexible and stretchable photovoltaics
    • 7.10.4.1. Companies
  • 7.10.5. Photovoltaic solar textiles
  • 7.10.6. Solar tape
  • 7.10.7. Origami-like solar cells
  • 7.10.8. Spray-on and stick-on perovskite photovoltaics
  • 7.10.9. Photovoltaic solar textiles
• 7.11. Stretchable heaters
• 7.12. Spray-on thermoelectric energy harvesting
• 7.13. Paper based fuel cells
• 7.14. Global market revenues
• 7.15. Market challenges

8. DISPLAYS

• 8.1. Macro-trends
• 8.2. Market drivers
• 8.3. SWOT analysis
• 8.4. Flexible, printed and hybrid display prototypes and products
• 8.5. Organic LCDs (OLCDs)
• 8.6. Flexible AMOLEDs
• 8.7. Flexible PMOLED (Passive Matrix OLED)
  • 8.7.1. Printed OLEDs
    • 8.7.1.1. Performance
    • 8.7.1.2. Challenges
    • 8.7.1.3. Commercial inkjet-printed OLED displays
• 8.8. Flexible and foldable microLED
  • 8.8.1. Foldable microLED displays
  • 8.8.2. Product developers
• 8.9. Flexible QD displays
• 8.10. Smartphones
• 8.11. Laptops, tablets and other displays
• 8.12. Products and prototypes
• 8.13. Flexible lighting
  • 8.13.1. OLED lighting
  • 8.13.2. Automotive applications
    • 8.13.2.1. Commercial activity
• 8.14. FHE for large area lighting
• 8.15. Directly printed LED lighting
• 8.16. Flexible electrophoretic displays
  • 8.16.1. Commercial activity
• 8.17. Electrowetting displays
• 8.18. Electrochromic displays
• 8.19. Perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs)
  • 8.19.1. Types
  • 8.19.2. Challenges
  • 8.19.3. White PeLEDs
  • 8.19.4. Printable and flexible electronics
• 8.20. Metamaterials
  • 8.20.1. Metasurfaces
    • 8.20.1.1. Flexible metasurfaces
    • 8.20.1.2. Meta-Lens
    • 8.20.1.3. Metasurface holograms
    • 8.20.1.4. Stretchable displays
    • 8.20.1.5. Soft materials
• 8.21. Transparent displays
  • 8.21.1. Product developers
• 8.22. Global market revenues
• 8.23. Market challenges

9. AUTOMOTIVE

• 9.1. Macro-trends
• 9.2. Market drivers
• 9.3. SWOT analysis
• 9.4. Applications
  • 9.4.1. Electric vehicles
    • 9.4.1.1. Applications
    • 9.4.1.2. Battery monitoring and heating
    • 9.4.1.3. Printed temperature sensors and heaters
  • 9.4.2. HMI
  • 9.4.3. Automotive displays and lighting
    • 9.4.3.1. Interiors
      • 9.4.3.1.1. OLED and flexible displays
      • 9.4.3.1.2. Passive-matrix OLEDs
      • 9.4.3.1.3. Active matrix OLED
      • 9.4.3.1.4. Transparent OLED for heads-up displays
      • 9.4.3.1.5. LCD displays
      • 9.4.3.1.6. Micro-LEDs in automotive displays
        • 9.4.3.1.6.1. Head-up display (HUD)
        • 9.4.3.1.6.2. Headlamps
        • 9.4.3.1.6.3. Product developers
    • 9.4.3.2. Exteriors
  • 9.4.4. In-Mold Electronics
  • 9.4.5. Flexible, printed and hybrid sensors
    • 9.4.5.1. Capacitive sensors
    • 9.4.5.2. Flexible and stretchable pressure sensors
    • 9.4.5.3. Piezoresistive sensors
    • 9.4.5.4. Piezoelectric sensors
    • 9.4.5.5. Image sensors
      • 9.4.5.5.1. Materials and technologies
  • 9.4.6. Printed heaters
    • 9.4.6.1. Printed car seat heaters
    • 9.4.6.2. Printed/flexible interior heaters
    • 9.4.6.3. Printed on-glass heater
    • 9.4.6.4. Carbon nanotube transparent conductors
    • 9.4.6.5. Metal mesh transparent conductors
    • 9.4.6.6. 3D shaped transparent heaters
    • 9.4.6.7. Direct heating
    • 9.4.6.8. Transparent heaters
  • 9.4.7. Transparent antennas
  • 9.4.8. Global market revenues
  • 9.4.9. Market challenges

10. SMART BUILDINGS AND CONSTRUCTION

• 10.1. Macro-trends
• 10.2. Market drivers
• 10.3. SWOT analysis
• 10.4. Applications
  • 10.4.1. Industrial asset tracking/monitoring with hybrid electronics
  • 10.4.2. Customizable interiors
  • 10.4.3. Sensors
    • 10.4.3.1. Capacitive sensors
    • 10.4.3.2. Temperature and humidity sensors
    • 10.4.3.3. Sensors for air quality
    • 10.4.3.4. Magnetostrictive sensors
    • 10.4.3.5. Magneto- and electrorheological fluids
    • 10.4.3.6. CO2 sensors for energy efficient buildings
  • 10.4.4. Building integrated transparent antennas
  • 10.4.5. Reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RIS)
  • 10.4.6. Industrial monitoring
• 10.5. Global market revenues

11. SMART PACKAGING ELECTRONICS

• 11.1. What is Smart Packaging?
  • 11.1.1. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE)
  • 11.1.2. Printed batteries and antennas
  • 11.1.3. Flexible silicon integrated circuits
  • 11.1.4. Natural materials in packaging
  • 11.1.5. Extruded conductive pastes and inkjet printing
  • 11.1.6. OLEDs for smart and interactive packaging
  • 11.1.7. Active packaging
  • 11.1.8. Intelligent packaging
• 11.2. SWOT analysis
• 11.3. Supply chain management
• 11.4. Improving product freshness and extending shelf life
• 11.5. Brand protection and anti-counterfeiting
• 11.6. Flexible, printed and hybrid electronics in packaging
  • 11.6.1. FHE with printed batteries and antennas for smart packaging
  • 11.6.2. Printed codes and markings
  • 11.6.3. Barcodes (D)
  • 11.6.4. D data matrix codes
  • 11.6.5. Quick response (QR) codes
  • 11.6.6. Augmented reality (AR) codes
  • 11.6.7. Sensors and indicators
    • 11.6.7.1. Freshness Indicators
    • 11.6.7.2. Time-temperature indicator labels (TTIs)
    • 11.6.7.3. Natural colour formulation indicator
    • 11.6.7.4. Thermochromic inks
    • 11.6.7.5. Gas indicators
    • 11.6.7.6. Chemical Sensors
    • 11.6.7.7. Electrochemical-Based Sensors
    • 11.6.7.8. Optical-Based Sensors
    • 11.6.7.9. Biosensors
      • 11.6.7.9.1. Electrochemical-Based Biosensors
      • 11.6.7.9.2. Optical-Based Biosensors
    • 11.6.7.10. Edible Sensors
  • 11.6.8. Antennas
    • 11.6.8.1. Radio frequency identification (RFID)
      • 11.6.8.1.1. RFID technologies
        • 11.6.8.1.1.1. Biosensors on RFID tags
        • 11.6.8.1.1.2. Powerless RFID sensor tags
        • 11.6.8.1.1.3. RFID ICs with Large Area Printed Sensors
        • 11.6.8.1.1.4. RFID for anti-counterfeiting
      • 11.6.8.1.2. Passive RFID
      • 11.6.8.1.3. Active RFID
        • 11.6.8.1.3.1. Real Time Locating Systems (RTLS)
        • 11.6.8.1.3.2. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and Low Power Wide Area Networks (LPWAN)
      • 11.6.8.1.4. Chipless RFID or Flexible/Printed IC Passive tags
      • 11.6.8.1.5. RAIN (UHF RFID) Smart Packaging
    • 11.6.8.2. Near-field communications (NFC)
  • 11.6.9. Smart blister packs
• 11.7. Global market revenues

12. COMPANY PROFILES (637 in-depth company profiles)

13. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

14. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Macro-trends driving printed/flexible electronics
• Table 2. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in healthcare & wellness
• Table 3. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in automotive
• Table 4. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in buildings and construction
• Table 5. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in energy storage and harvesting
• Table 6. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in E-textiles
• Table 7. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in consumer electronics
• Table 8. Applications of printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in smart packaging and logistics
• Table 9. Types of wearable devices and applications
• Table 10. Types of wearable devices and the data collected
• Table 11. Main Wearable Device Companies by Shipment Volume, Market Share, and Year-Over-Year Growth, (million units)
• Table 12. New wearable tech products 2022-2023
• Table 13. Wearable market leaders by market segment
• Table 14. Applications of stretchable electronics in wearables
• Table 15. Applications of stretchable electronics in sensors
• Table 16. Applications of stretchable artificial skin electronics
• Table 17. Applications for printed flexible and stretchable electronics in the metaverse
• Table 18. Advanced materials for Printed, flexible and stretchable sensors and Electronics-Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 19. Sheet resistance (RS) and transparency (T) values for transparent conductive oxides and alternative materials for transparent conductive electrodes (TCE)
• Table 20. Applications of printed flexible and stretchable electronics in the entertainment industry
• Table 21. Wearable, printed and flexible electronics at CES 2021-2023
• Table 22. Wearables Investment funding and buy-outs 2019-2023
• Table 23. Comparative analysis of conventional and flexible hybrid electronics
• Table 24. Traxcon printed lighting circuitry
• Table 25. Materials, components, and manufacturing methods for FHE
• Table 26. Research and commercial activity in FHE
• Table 27. Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) revenues by market, 2018-2034 (millions USD)
• Table 28. Manufacturing methods for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
• Table 29. Common printing methods used in printed electronics manufacturing in terms of resolution vs throughput
• Table 30. Manufacturing methods for 3D electronics
• Table 31. Readiness level of various additive manufacturing technologies for electronics applications
• Table 32. Fully 3D printed electronics process steps
• Table 33. Manufacturing methods for Analogue manufacturing
• Table 34. Technological and commercial readiness level of analogue printing methods
• Table 35. Manufacturing methods for Digital printing
• Table 36. Innovations in high resolution printing
• Table 37. Key manufacturing methods for creating smart surfaces with integrated electronics
• Table 38. IME manufacturing techniques
• Table 39. Applications of R2R electronics manufacturing
• Table 40. Technology readiness level for R2R manufacturing
• Table 41. Materials for printed/flexible electronics
• Table 42. Comparison of component attachment materials
• Table 43. Comparison between sustainable and conventional component attachment materials for printed circuit boards
• Table 44. Comparison between the SMAs and SMPs
• Table 45. Comparison of conductive biopolymers versus conventional materials for printed circuit board fabrication
• Table 46. Low temperature solder alloys
• Table 47. Thermally sensitive substrate materials
• Table 48. Typical conductive ink formulation
• Table 49. Comparative properties of conductive inks
• Table 50. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
• Table 51. Conductive ink producers
• Table 52. Technology readiness level of printed semiconductors
• Table 53. Organic semiconductors: Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 54. Market Drivers for printed/flexible sensors
• Table 55. Overview of specific printed/flexible sensor types
• Table 56. Properties of typical flexible substrates
• Table 57. Comparison of stretchable substrates
• Table 58. Paper substrates: Advantages and disadvantages
• Table 59. Comparison of flexible integrated circuit technologies
• Table 60. PCB manufacturing process
• Table 61. Challenges in PCB manufacturing
• Table 62. 3D PCB manufacturing
• Table 63. Macro-trends in consumer electronics
• Table 64. Market drivers and trends in wearable electronics
• Table 65. Types of wearable sensors
• Table 66. Trends in wearable technology
• Table 67. Different sensing modalities that can be incorporated into wrist-worn wearable device
• Table 68. Overview of actuating at the wrist
• Table 69. Wearable health monitors
• Table 70. Sports-watches, smart-watches and fitness trackers producers and products
• Table 71. Wearable sensors for sports performance
• Table 72. Wearable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
• Table 73. Product types in the hearing assistance technology market
• Table 74. Sensing options in the ear
• Table 75. Companies and products in hearables
• Table 76. Example wearable sleep tracker products and prices
• Table 77. Smart ring products
• Table 78. Sleep headband products
• Table 79. Sleep monitoring products
• Table 80. Pet wearable companies and products
• Table 81. Wearable electronics applications in the military
• Table 82. Wearable workplace products
• Table 83. Global market revenues for flexible, printed and hybrid in consumer electronics, 2018-2034, (millions USD)
• Table 84. Market challenges in consumer wearable electronics
• Table 85. Macro trends in medical & healthcare/ wellness
• Table 86. Market drivers for printed, flexible and stretchable medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
• Table 87. Healthcare/wellness applications for printed/flexible electronics
• Table 88. Examples of wearable medical device products
• Table 89. Medical wearable companies applying products to remote monitoring and analysis
• Table 90. Electronic skin patch manufacturing value chain
• Table 91. Benefits of electronic skin patches as a form factor
• Table 92. Current and emerging applications for electronic skin patches
• Table 93. Applications in flexible and stretchable health monitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
• Table 94. Medical wearable companies applying products to temperate and respiratory monitoring and analysis
• Table 95. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection-advantages and disadvantages
• Table 96. Commercial devices for non-invasive glucose monitoring not released or withdrawn from market
• Table 97. Minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose monitoring products
• Table 98. Companies developing wearable swear sensors
• Table 99. Wearable drug delivery companies and products
• Table 100. Companies and products, cosmetics and drug delivery patches
• Table 101. Companies developing femtech wearable technology
• Table 102. Companies and products in smart footwear
• Table 103. Companies and products in smart contact lenses
• Table 104. Companies and products in smart wound care
• Table 105. Companies developing smart diaper products
• Table 106. Companies developing wearable robotics
• Table 107. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid medical & healthcare electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 108. Market challenges in medical and healthcare sensors and wearables
• Table 109. Macro-trends for electronic textiles
• Table 110. Market drivers for printed, flexible, stretchable and organic electronic textiles
• Table 111. Examples of smart textile products
• Table 112. Performance requirements for E-textiles
• Table 113. Commercially available smart clothing products
• Table 114. Types of smart textiles
• Table 115. Comparison of E-textile fabrication methods
• Table 116. Types of fabrics for the application of electronic textiles
• Table 117. Methods for integrating conductive compounds
• Table 118. Methods for integrating conductive yarn and conductive filament fiber
• Table 119. 1D electronic fibers including the conductive materials, fabrication strategies, electrical conductivity, stretchability, and applications
• Table 120. Conductive materials used in smart textiles, their electrical conductivity and percolation threshold
• Table 121. Metal coated fibers and their mechanisms
• Table 122. Applications of carbon nanomaterials and other nanomaterials in e-textiles
• Table 123. Applications and benefits of graphene in textiles and apparel
• Table 124. Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
• Table 125. Properties of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)
• Table 126. Types of flexible conductive polymers, properties and applications
• Table 127. Typical conductive ink formulation
• Table 128. Comparative properties of conductive inks
• Table 129. Comparison of pros and cons of various types of conductive ink compositions
• Table 130: Properties of CNTs and comparable materials
• Table 131. Properties of graphene
• Table 132. Electrical conductivity of different types of graphene
• Table 133. Comparison of the electrical conductivities of liquid metal with typical conductive inks
• Table 134. Nanocoatings applied in the smart textiles industry-type of coating, nanomaterials utilized, benefits and applications
• Table 135. 3D printed shoes
• Table 136. Sensors used in electronic textiles
• Table 137. Features of flexible strain sensors with different structures
• Table 138. Features of resistive and capacitive strain sensors
• Table 139. Typical applications and markets for e-textiles
• Table 140. Commercially available E-textiles and smart clothing products
• Table 141. Example heated jacket products
• Table 142. Heated jacket and clothing products
• Table 143. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
• Table 144. Commercialized smart textiles/or e-textiles for healthcare and fitness applications
• Table 145. Example earable sensor products for monitoring sport performance
• Table 146.Companies and products in smart footwear
• Table 147. Wearable electronics applications in the military
• Table 148. Advantages and disadvantages of batteries for E-textiles
• Table 149. Comparison of prototype batteries (flexible, textile, and other) in terms of area-specific performance
• Table 150. Advantages and disadvantages of photovoltaic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, and thermoelectric energy harvesting in of e-textiles
• Table 151. Teslasuit
• Table 152. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 153. Market and technical challenges for E-textiles and smart clothing
• Table 154. Macro-trends in printed and flexible electronics in energy
• Table 155. Market drivers for Flexible, printed and hybrid electronic energy storage, generation and harvesting
• Table 156. Energy applications for printed/flexible electronics
• Table 157. Battery market megatrends
• Table 158. Market segmentation and status for solid-state batteries
• Table 159. Shortcoming of solid-state thin film batteries
• Table 160. Flexible battery applications and technical requirements
• Table 161. Flexible Li-ion battery prototypes
• Table 162. Electrode designs in flexible lithium-ion batteries
• Table 163. Summary of fiber-shaped lithium-ion batteries
• Table 164. Types of fiber-shaped batteries
• Table 165. Components of transparent batteries
• Table 166. Components of degradable batteries
• Table 167. Applications of nanomaterials in flexible and stretchable supercapacitors, by advanced materials type and benefits thereof
• Table 168. Main components and properties of different printed battery types
• Table 169, Types of printable current collectors and the materials commonly used
• Table 170. Applications of printed batteries and their physical and electrochemical requirements
• Table 171. 2D and 3D printing techniques
• Table 172. Printing techniques applied to printed batteries
• Table 173. Main components and corresponding electrochemical values of lithium-ion printed batteries
• Table 174. Printing technique, main components and corresponding electrochemical values of printed batteries based on Zn-MnO2 and other battery types
• Table 175. Main 3D Printing techniques for battery manufacturing
• Table 176. Electrode Materials for 3D Printed Batteries
• Table 177. Methods for printing supercapacitors
• Table 178. Electrode Materials for printed supercapacitors
• Table 179. Electrolytes for printed supercapacitors
• Table 180. Main properties and components of printed supercapacitors
• Table 181. Conductive pastes for photovoltaics
• Table 182. companies commercializing thin film flexible photovoltaics
• Table 183. Examples of materials used in flexible heaters and applications
• Table 184. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 185. Market challenges in flexible, printed and hybrid electronics for energy
• Table 186. Macro-trends in displays
• Table 187. Market drivers for Flexible, printed and hybrid displays and electronic components
• Table 188. Flexible, printed and hybrid displays products
• Table 189. Flexible miniLED and MicroLED products
• Table 190. Comparison of performance metrics between microLEDs and other commercial display technologies
• Table 191. Foldable smartphones, laptops and tablets and other display products, on or near market
• Table 192. Companies developing OLED lighting products
• Table 193. Types of electrochromic materials and applications
• Table 194. Applications of Mini-LED and Micro-LED transparent displays
• Table 195. Companies developing Micro-LED transparent displays
• Table 196. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid displays, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 197. Market challenges in flexible, printed and hybrid displays
• Table 198. Macro-trends in automotive
• Table 199. Market drivers for flexible, printed and hybrid electronics in automotive
• Table 200. Flexible, printed and hybrid electronics in the automotive market
• Table 201. Printed/flexible electronics in automotive displays and lighting
• Table 202. Printed and flexible electronics are being integrated into vehicle interiors
• Table 203. Applications of Micro-LED in automotive
• Table 204. Automotive display Mini-LED and Micro-LED products
• Table 205. Conductive materials for transparent capacitive sensors
• Table 206. Automotive applications for printed piezoresistive sensors
• Table 207. Piezoelectric sensors for automotive applications
• Table 208. Printed piezoelectric sensors in automotive applications
• Table 209. SWIR for autonomous mobility and ADAS
• Table 210. Types of printed photodetectors and image sensors developed for automotive applications
• Table 211. Comparison of SWIR image sensors technologies
• Table 212. Comparison of conventional and printed seat heaters for automotive applications
• Table 213. Printed car seat heaters
• Table 214. Types of Printed/flexible interior heaters
• Table 215. Transparent heaters for exterior lighting / sensors / windows
• Table 216. Types of transparent heaters for automotive exterior applications
• Table 217. Transparent electronics for automotive radar for ADAS
• Table 218. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid automotive electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 219. Market challenges for flexible, printed and hybrid electronics in automotive
• Table 220. Macro-trends in smart buildings and construction
• Table 221. Market drivers for smart sensors for buildings
• Table 222. Printed and flexible electronics being applied for building, infrastructure, and industrial applications
• Table 223. Printed electronics in customizable smart building interiors
• Table 224. Types of smart building sensors
• Table 225. Commonly used sensors in smart buildings
• Table 226. Capacitive sensors integrated into smart buildings
• Table 227. Types of flexible humidity sensors
• Table 228. MOF sensor applications
• Table 229. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart buildings electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 230. Consumer goods applications for printed/flexible electronics
• Table 231. Types of Active packaging
• Table 232. Types of intelligent packaging
• Table 233. Supply chain management considerations for smart electronic packaging targeted at consumers
• Table 234. Types of printed/flexible electronics and materials that can be used to enhance packaging barcodes
• Table 235. Commercially available freshness indicators
• Table 236. Commercial examples of time-temperature indicators
• Table 237. Examples of Chemical Time Temperature Indicators (TTIs)
• Table 238. Types of ripeness indicators
• Table 239. Commercially available gas indicators
• Table 240. Chemical sensors in smart packaging
• Table 241. Electrochemical-based sensors for smart food packaging
• Table 242. Optical-based sensors for smart food packaging applications
• Table 243. Electrochemical biosensors for smart food packaging:
• Table 244. Optical-Based Biosensors for smart food packaging
• Table 245. Types of edible sensors for food packaging/
• Table 246. Commercially available radio frequency identification systems (RFID) technology
• Table 247. Passive RFID: Technologies by Operating Frequency
• Table 248. Examples of NFC in packaging
• Table 249. Companies in smart blister packs
• Table 250. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart packaging electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Table 251. 3DOM separator
• Table 252. Battery performance test specifications of J. Flex batteries
• Table 253. TCL Mini-LED product range

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Examples of flexible electronics devices
• Figure 2. Evolution of electronics
• Figure 3. Applications for flexible, printed and hybrid electronics
• Figure 4. Wearable technology inventions
• Figure 5. Market map for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics
• Figure 6. Wove Band
• Figure 7. Wearable graphene medical sensor
• Figure 8. 3D printed stretchable electronics
• Figure 9. Artificial skin prototype for gesture recognition
• Figure 10. Applications of wearable flexible sensors worn on various body parts
• Figure 11. Systemization of wearable electronic systems
• Figure 12. Baby Monitor
• Figure 13. Wearable health monitor incorporating graphene photodetectors
• Figure 14 . Flexible hybrid electronics (FHE) revenues by market, 2018-2034 (millions USD)
• Figure 15. Global market revenues for flexible, printed and hybrid in consumer electronics, 2018-2034, (millions USD)
• Figure 16. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid medical & healthcare electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 17. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 18. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid displays, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 19. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid automotive electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 20. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart buildings electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 315. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart packaging electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 21. SWOT analysis for printed electronics
• Figure 22. SWOT analysis for 3D electronics
• Figure 23. SWOT analysis for analogue printing
• Figure 24. SWOT analysis for digital printing
• Figure 25. In-mold electronics prototype devices and products
• Figure 26. SWOT analysis for In-Mold Electronics
• Figure 27. SWOT analysis for R2R manufacturing
• Figure 28. The molecular mechanism of the shape memory effect under different stimuli
• Figure 29. Supercooled Soldering™ Technology
• Figure 30. Reflow soldering schematic
• Figure 31. Schematic diagram of induction heating reflow
• Figure 32. Types of conductive inks and applications
• Figure 33. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
• Figure 34. SWOT analysis for Printable semiconductors
• Figure 35. SWOT analysis for Printable sensor materials
• Figure 36. RFID Tag with Nano Copper Antenna on Paper
• Figure 37. SWOT analysis for flexible integrated circuits
• Figure 38. Fully-printed organic thin-film transistors and circuitry on one-micron-thick polymer films
• Figure 39. Flexible PCB
• Figure 40. SWOT analysis for Flexible batteries
• Figure 41. SWOT analysis for Flexible PV for energy harvesting
• Figure 42. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in consumer electronics
• Figure 43. EmeTerm nausea relief wearable
• Figure 44. Embr Wave for cooling and warming
• Figure 45. dpl Wrist Wrap Light THerapy pain relief
• Figure 46. SWOT analysis for Wrist-worn wearables
• Figure 47. FitBit
• Figure 48. Wearable bio-fluid monitoring system for monitoring of hydration
• Figure 49. Nuheara IQbuds² Max
• Figure 50. HP Hearing PRO OTC Hearing Aid
• Figure 51. SWOT analysis for Ear worn wearables (hearables)
• Figure 53. Beddr SleepTuner
• Figure 54. Global market revenues for flexible, printed and hybrid in consumer electronics, 2018-2034, (millions USD)
• Figure 55. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in medical and healthcare/wellness
• Figure 56. Connected human body and product examples
• Figure 57. Companies and products in wearable health monitoring and rehabilitation devices and products
• Figure 58. Smart e-skin system comprising health-monitoring sensors, displays, and ultra flexible PLEDs
• Figure 59. Graphene medical patch
• Figure 60. Graphene-based E-skin patch
• Figure 61. SWOT analysis for printed and flexible electronics in skin patches
• Figure 62. Enfucell wearable temperature tag
• Figure 63. TempTraQ wearable wireless thermometer
• Figure 64. Technologies for minimally-invasive and non-invasive glucose detection
• Figure 65. Schematic of non-invasive CGM sensor
• Figure 66. Adhesive wearable CGM sensor
• Figure 67. VitalPatch
• Figure 68. Wearable ECG-textile
• Figure 69. Wearable ECG recorder
• Figure 70. Nexkin™
• Figure 71. Bloomlife
• Figure 72. Nanowire skin hydration patch
• Figure 73. NIX sensors
• Figure 74. Wearable sweat sensor
• Figure 75. Wearable graphene sweat sensor
• Figure 76. Gatorade's GX Sweat Patch
• Figure 77. Sweat sensor incorporated into face mask
• Figure 78. D-mine Pump
• Figure 79. Lab-on-Skin™
• Figure 80. My UV Patch
• Figure 81. Overview layers of L'Oreal skin patch
• Figure 82. Brilliantly Warm
• Figure 83. Ava Fertility tracker
• Figure 84. S9 Pro breast pump
• Figure 85. Tempdrop
• Figure 86. Digitsole Smartshoe
• Figure 87. Schematic of smart wound dressing
• Figure 88. REPAIR electronic patch concept. Image courtesy of the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine
• Figure 89. ABENA Nova smart diaper
• Figure 90. Honda Walking Assist
• Figure 91. ABLE Exoskeleton
• Figure 92. ANGEL-LEGS-M10
• Figure 93. AGADEXO Shoulder
• Figure 94. Enyware
• Figure 95. AWN-12 occupational powered hip exoskeleton
• Figure 96. CarrySuit passive upper-body exoskeleton
• Figure 97. Axosuit lower body medical exoskeleton
• Figure 98. FreeGait
• Figure 99. InMotion Arm
• Figure 100. Biomotum SPARK
• Figure 101. PowerWalk energy
• Figure 102. Keeogo™
• Figure 103. MATE-XT
• Figure 104. CDYS passive shoulder support exoskeleton
• Figure 105. ALDAK
• Figure 106. HAL® Lower Limb
• Figure 107. DARWING PA
• Figure 108. Dephy ExoBoot
• Figure 109. EksoNR
• Figure 110. Emovo Assist
• Figure 111. HAPO
• Figure 112. Atlas passive modular exoskeleton
• Figure 113. ExoAtlet II
• Figure 114. ExoHeaver
• Figure 115. Exy ONE
• Figure 116. ExoArm
• Figure 117. ExoMotus
• Figure 118. Gloreha Sinfonia
• Figure 119. BELK Knee Exoskeleton
• Figure 120. Apex exosuit
• Figure 121. Honda Walking Assist
• Figure 122. BionicBack
• Figure 123. Muscle Suit
• Figure 124.Japet.W powered exoskeleton
• Figure 125.Ski~Mojo
• Figure 126. AIRFRAME passive shoulder
• Figure 127.FORTIS passive tool holding exoskeleton
• Figure 128. Integrated Soldier Exoskeleton (UPRISE®)
• Figure 129.UNILEXA passive exoskeleton
• Figure 130.HandTutor
• Figure 131.MyoPro®
• Figure 132.Myosuit
• Figure 133. archelis wearable chair
• Figure 134.Chairless Chair
• Figure 135.Indego
• Figure 136. Polyspine
• Figure 137. Hercule powered lower body exoskeleton
• Figure 138. ReStore Soft Exo-Suit
• Figure 139. Hand of Hope
• Figure 140. REX powered exoskeleton
• Figure 141. Elevate Ski Exoskeleton
• Figure 142. UGO210 exoskeleton
• Figure 143. EsoGLOVE Pro
• Figure 144. Roki
• Figure 145. Powered Clothing
• Figure 146. Againer shock absorbing exoskeleton
• Figure 147. EasyWalk Assistive Soft Exoskeleton Walker
• Figure 148. Skel-Ex
• Figure 149. EXO-H3 lower limbs robotic exoskeleton
• Figure 150. Ikan Tilta Max Armor-Man 2
• Figure 151. AMADEO hand and finger robotic rehabilitation device
• Figure 152.Atalante autonomous lower-body exoskeleton
• Figure 153. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid medical & healthcare electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 154. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in E-textiles
• Figure 155. Timeline of the different generations of electronic textiles
• Figure 156. Examples of each generation of electronic textiles
• Figure 157. Conductive yarns
• Figure 158. Electronics integration in textiles: (a) textile-adapted, (b) textile-integrated (c) textile-basd
• Figure 159. Stretchable polymer encapsulation microelectronics on textiles
• Figure 160. Conductive yarns
• Figure 161. Classification of conductive materials and process technology
• Figure 162. Structure diagram of Ti3C2Tx
• Figure 163. Structure of hexagonal boron nitride
• Figure 164. BN nanosheet textiles application
• Figure 165. SEM image of cotton fibers with PEDOT:PSS coating
• Figure 166. Schematic of inkjet-printed processes
• Figure 167: Silver nanocomposite ink after sintering and resin bonding of discrete electronic components
• Figure 168. Schematic summary of the formulation of silver conductive inks
• Figure 169. Copper based inks on flexible substrate
• Figure 170: Schematic of single-walled carbon nanotube
• Figure 171. Stretchable SWNT memory and logic devices for wearable electronics
• Figure 172. Graphene layer structure schematic
• Figure 173. BGT Materials graphene ink product
• Figure 174. PCM cooling vest
• Figure 175. SMPU-treated cotton fabrics
• Figure 176. Schematics of DIAPLEX membrane
• Figure 177. SMP energy storage textiles
• Figure 178. Nike x Acronym Blazer Sneakers
• Figure 179. Adidas 3D Runner Pump
• Figure 180. Under Armour Archi-TechFuturist
• Figure 181. Reebok Reebok Liquid Speed
• Figure 182. Radiate sports vest
• Figure 183. Adidas smart insole
• Figure 184. Applications of E-textiles
• Figure 185. EXO2 Stormwalker 2 Heated Jacket
• Figure 186. Flexible polymer-based heated glove, sock and slipper
• Figure 187. ThermaCell Rechargeable Heated Insoles
• Figure 188. Myant sleeve tracks biochemical indicators in sweat
• Figure 189. Flexible polymer-based therapeutic products
• Figure 190. iStimUweaR
• Figure 191. Digitsole Smartshoe
• Figure 192. Basketball referee Royole fully flexible display
• Figure 193. A mechanical glove, Robo-Glove, with pressure sensors and other sensors jointly developed by General Motors and NASA
• Figure 194. Power supply mechanisms for electronic textiles and wearables
• Figure 195. Micro-scale energy scavenging techniques
• Figure 196. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 197. 3D printed piezoelectric material
• Figure 198. Application of electronic textiles in AR/VR
• Figure 199. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid E-textiles and smart apparel electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 200. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in energy
• Figure 201. Flexible batteries on the market
• Figure 202. ULTRALIFE thin film battery
• Figure 203. Examples of applications of thin film batteries
• Figure 204. Capacities and voltage windows of various cathode and anode materials
• Figure 205. Traditional lithium-ion battery (left), solid state battery (right)
• Figure 206. Bulk type compared to thin film type SSB
• Figure 207. Ragone plots of diverse batteries and the commonly used electronics powered by flexible batteries
• Figure 208. Flexible, rechargeable battery
• Figure 209. Various architectures for flexible and stretchable electrochemical energy storage
• Figure 210. Types of flexible batteries
• Figure 211. Flexible label and printed paper battery
• Figure 212. Materials and design structures in flexible lithium ion batteries
• Figure 213. Flexible/stretchable LIBs with different structures
• Figure 214. Schematic of the structure of stretchable LIBs
• Figure 215. Electrochemical performance of materials in flexible LIBs
• Figure 216. a-c) Schematic illustration of coaxial (a), twisted (b), and stretchable (c) LIBs
• Figure 217. a) Schematic illustration of the fabrication of the superstretchy LIB based on an MWCNT/LMO composite fiber and an MWCNT/LTO composite fiber. b,c) Photograph (b) and the schematic illustration (c) of a stretchable fiber-shaped battery under stretching conditions. d) Schematic illustration of the spring-like stretchable LIB. e) SEM images of a fiberat different strains. f) Evolution of specific capacitance with strain. d-f)
• Figure 218. Origami disposable battery
• Figure 219. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Brightvolt
• Figure 220. Charge storage mechanism of alkaline Zn-based batteries and zinc-ion batteries
• Figure 221. Zn-MnO2 batteries produced by Blue Spark
• Figure 222. Ag-Zn batteries produced by Imprint Energy
• Figure 223. Transparent batteries
• Figure 224. Degradable batteries
• Figure 225. Schematic of supercapacitors in wearables
• Figure 226. (A) Schematic overview of a flexible supercapacitor as compared to conventional supercapacitor
• Figure 227. Stretchable graphene supercapacitor
• Figure 228. Wearable self-powered devices
• Figure 229. Various applications of printed paper batteries
• Figure 230.Schematic representation of the main components of a battery
• Figure 231. Schematic of a printed battery in a sandwich cell architecture, where the anode and cathode of the battery are stacked together
• Figure 232. Manufacturing Processes for Conventional Batteries (I), 3D Microbatteries (II), and 3D-Printed Batteries (III)
• Figure 233. Main printing methods for supercapacitors
• Figure 234. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 235. Origami-like silicon solar cells
• Figure 236. Schematic illustration of the fabrication concept for textile-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) made by sewing textile electrodes onto cloth or paper
• Figure 237. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid energy storage, generation and harvesting electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 238. LG Signature OLED TV R
• Figure 239. Flexible display
• Figure 240. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in displays
• Figure 241. DELL Ori
• Figure 242. LG Media Chair
• Figure 243. LG Virtual Ride
• Figure 244. Organic LCD with a 10-mm bend radius
• Figure 245. AMOLED schematic
• Figure 246. Mirage smart speaker with wraparound touch display
• Figure 247. LG rollable OLED TV
• Figure 248. OLED structure
• Figure 249. TCL printed OLED panel
• Figure 250. OLEDIO 32-inch printed display by JOLED
• Figure 251. AU Optonics Flexible MicroLED Display
• Figure 252. Schematic of the TALT technique for wafer-level microLED transferring
• Figure 253. Foldable 4K C SEED M1
• Figure 254. Stamp-based transfer-printing techniques
• Figure 255: Flexible & stretchable LEDs based on quantum dots
• Figure 256. Samsung S-foldable display
• Figure 257. Samsung slideable display
• Figure 258. Samsung foldable battery patent schematic
• Figure 259. Rollable 65RX OLED TV
• Figure 260. Lenovo ThinkPad X1 Fold
• Figure 261. LG Chem foldable display
• Figure 262. Samsung Display Flex G folding smartphones
• Figure 263. Asus Foldable Phone
• Figure 264. Asus Zenbook 17 Fold
• Figure 265. Dell Concept Ori
• Figure 266. Intel Foldable phone
• Figure 267. ThinkPad X1 Fold
• Figure 268. Motorola Razr
• Figure 269. Oppo Find N folding phone
• Figure 270. Royole FlexPai 2
• Figure 271. Galaxy Fold 3
• Figure 272. Samsung Galaxy Z Flip 3
• Figure 273. TCL Tri-Fold Foldable Phone
• Figure 274. TCL rollable phone
• Figure 275. Xiaomi Mi MIX Flex
• Figure 276. LG OLED flexible lighting panel
• Figure 277. Flexible OLED incorporated into automotive headlight
• Figure 278. Audi 2022 A8
• Figure 279. Electrophoretic display applications
• Figure 280. Passive reflective displays with flexibility
• Figure 281. Plastic Logic 5.4" Iridis™ display
• Figure 282. Argil electrochromic film integrated with polycarbonate lenses
• Figure 283. Transparent and flexible metamaterial film developed by Sekishi Chemical
• Figure 284. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of several metalens antenna forms
• Figure 285. Design concepts of soft mechanical metamaterials with large negative swelling ratios and tunable stress-strain curves
• Figure 286. Different transparent displays and transmittance limitations
• Figure 287. 7.56" high transparency & frameless Micro-LED display
• Figure 288. AUO's 13.5-inch transparent RGB microLED display
• Figure 289. 17.3-inch transparent microLED AI display in a Taiwan Ferry
• Figure 290. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid displays, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 291. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in automotive
• Figure 292. Automotive display concept
• Figure 293. Mercedes MBUX Hyperscreen
• Figure 294. AUO automotive display
• Figure 295. Micro-LED automotive display
• Figure 296. Issues in current commercial automotive HUD
• Figure 297. Rear lamp utilizing flexible Micro-LEDs
• Figure 298. SWOT analysis for integrated antennas with printed electronics in automotive
• Figure 299. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid automotive electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 300. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in smart buildings and construction. Source: Future Markets
• Figure 301. Use of sensors in smart buildings
• Figure 302. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart buildings electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 303. Smart packaging for detecting bacteria growth in milk containers
• Figure 304. RFID tags with printed silver antennas on paper substrates
• Figure 305. SWOT analysis for printed, flexible and hybrid electronics in smart packaging
• Figure 306. Active packaging film
• Figure 307. Anti-counterfeiting smart label
• Figure 308. Security tag developed by Nanotech Security
• Figure 309. Fundamental principle of a gas sensor for detecting CO2 (gas) after food spoilage
• Figure 310. A standard RFID system
• Figure 311. RFID functions and applications of silver nanoparticle inks
• Figure 312. OHMEGA Conductive Ink + Touchcode box
• Figure 313. Wiliot RFID
• Figure 314. Smart blister pack
• Figure 316. Global market for flexible, printed and hybrid smart packaging electronics, 2018-2034, millions of US dollars
• Figure 317. 24M battery
• Figure 318. 3DOM battery
• Figure 319. Libre 3
• Figure 320. Libre Sense Glucose Sport Biowearable
• Figure 321. AC biode prototype
• Figure 322. AcuPebble SA100
• Figure 323. Vitalgram®
• Figure 324. Alertgy NICGM wristband
• Figure 325. ALLEVX
• Figure 326. Gastric Alimetry
• Figure 327. Alva Health stroke monitor
• Figure 328. amofit S
• Figure 329. Ampcera's all-ceramic dense solid-state electrolyte separator sheets (25 um thickness, 50mm x 100mm size, flexible and defect free, room temperature ionic conductivity ~1 mA/cm)
• Figure 330. Amprius battery products
• Figure 331. MIT and Amorepacific's chip-free skin sensor
• Figure 332. All-polymer battery schematic
• Figure 333. All Polymer Battery Module
• Figure 334. Resin current collector
• Figure 335. Sigi™ Insulin Management System
• Figure 336. The Apollo wearable device
• Figure 337. Apos3
• Figure 338. Piezotech® FC
• Figure 339. PowerCoat® paper
• Figure 340. Artemis is smart clothing system
• Figure 341. KneeStim
• Figure 343. Ateios thin-film, printed battery
• Figure 344. 1.39-inch full-circle Micro-LED display
• Figure 345. 9.4" flexible Micro-LED display
• Figure 346. Cyclops HMD
• Figure 347. PaciBreath
• Figure 348. Structure of Azalea Vision's smart contact lens
• Figure 349. BioMan+
• Figure 350. EXO Glove
• Figure 351. LED hooded jacket
• Figure 352. Heated element module
• Figure 353. BeFC® biofuel cell and digital platform
• Figure 354. Belun® Ring
• Figure 355. Neuronaute wearable
• Figure 356. biped.ai device
• Figure 357. 3D printed lithium-ion battery
• Figure 358. Blue Solution module
• Figure 359. TempTraq wearable patch
• Figure 360. BOE Mini-LED display TV
• Figure 361. BOE Mini-LED automotive display
• Figure 362. circul+ smart ring
• Figure 363. Carhartt X-1 Smart Heated Vest
• Figure 364. Cionic Neural Sleeve
• Figure 365. C2Sense sensors
• Figure 366. Cala Trio
• Figure 367. Transparent 3D touch control with LED lights and LED matrix
• Figure 368. Coachwhisperer device
• Figure 369. Cognito's gamma stimulation device
• Figure 370. Cogwear headgear
• Figure 371. CardioWatch 287
• Figure 372. Graphene dress. The dress changes colour in sync with the wearer's breathing
• Figure 373. Cymbet EnerChip™
• Figure 374. Descante Solar Thermo insulated jacket
• Figure 375. G+ Graphene Aero Jersey
• Figure 376. First Relief
• Figure 377. FRENZ™ Brainband
• Figure 378. NightOwl Home Sleep Apnea Test Device
• Figure 379. Jewel Patch Wearable Cardioverter Defibrillator
• Figure 380. P-Flex® Flexible Circuit
• Figure 381. enFuse
• Figure 382. Roll-to-roll equipment working with ultrathin steel substrate
• Figure 383. EOPatch
• Figure 384. Epilog
• Figure 385. eQ02+LIfeMontor
• Figure 386. TAeTTOOz printable battery materials
• Figure 387. FDK Corp battery
• Figure 388. Cove wearable device
• Figure 389. FloPatch
• Figure 390. HiFlex strain/pressure sensor
• Figure 391. KiTT motion tracking knee sleeve
• Figure 392. 2D paper batteries
• Figure 393. 3D Custom Format paper batteries
• Figure 394. Fuji carbon nanotube products
• Figure 395. German bionic exoskeleton
• Figure 396. UnlimitedHand
• Figure 397. Healables app-controlled electrotherapy device
• Figure 398. Apex Exosuit
• Figure 399. Hinge Health wearable therapy devices
• Figure 400. MYSA - 'Relax Shirt'
• Figure 401. Humanox Shin Guard
• Figure 402. Airvida E1
• Figure 403. Sensor surface
• Figure 404. ZincPoly™ technology
• Figure 405. In2tec's fully recyclable flexible circuit board assembly
• Figure 406. Footrax
• Figure 407. eMacula®
• Figure 408. Printed moisture sensors
• Figure 409. Flexible microLED
• Figure 410. Atusa system
• Figure 411. ITEN micro batteries
• Figure 412. G2 Pro
• Figure 413. Soluboard immersed in water
• Figure 414. Infineon PCB before and after immersion
• Figure 415. Kenzen ECHO Smart Patch
• Figure 416. The Kernel Flow headset
• Figure 417. REFLEX
• Figure 418. KnowU™
• Figure 419. Hyperfluorescence™ OLED display
• Figure 420. LiBEST flexible battery
• Figure 421. LifeSpan patch
• Figure 422. Lyten batteries
• Figure 423. Ring ZERO
• Figure 424. LumeoLoop device
• Figure 425. Mawi Heart Patch
• Figure 426. Mawi Heart Patch
• Figure 427. WalkAid
• Figure 428. Monarch™ Wireless Wearable Biosensor
• Figure 429. Modoo device
• Figure 430. Munevo Drive
• Figure 431. Electroskin integration schematic
• Figure 432. Modius Sleep wearable device
• Figure 433. Neuphony Headband
• Figure 434. Nextiles' compression garments
• Figure 435. Nextiles e-fabric
• Figure 436. Nix Biosensors patch
• Figure 437. Ayo wearable light therapy
• Figure 438. Nowatch
• Figure 439 .Nuada
• Figure 440. ORII smart ring
• Figure 441. Otolith wearable device
• Figure 442. Palarum PUP smart socks
• Figure 443. 55" flexible AM panel
• Figure 444. Peerbridge Cor
• Figure 445. 9.4" flexible Micro-LED display
• Figure 446. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display
• Figure 447. PixeLED Matrix Modular Micro-LED Display in 132-inch
• Figure 448. Dashboard - 11.6-inch 24:9 Automotive Micro-LED Display
• Figure 449. Center Console - 9.38-inch Transparent Micro-LED Display
• Figure 450. Point Fit Technology skin patch
• Figure 451. 9.4" flexible MicroLED display
• Figure 452. 7.56-inch transparent Micro LED display
• Figure 453. Printed battery
• Figure 454. Printed Energy flexible battery
• Figure 455. ProLogium solid-state battery
• Figure 456. Sylvee 1.0
• Figure 457. RootiRx
• Figure 458. RealWear HMT-1
• Figure 459. Micro-LED stretchable display
• Figure 460. Sylvee 1.0
• Figure 461. SES Apollo batteries
• Figure 462. Silvertree Reach
• Figure 463. Smardii smart diaper
• Figure 464. Moonwalkers from Shift Robotics Inc
• Figure 465. SnowCookie device
• Figure 466. Softmatter compression garment
• Figure 467. Softmatter sports bra with a woven ECG sensor
• Figure 468. Soter device
• Figure 469. MoCap Pro Glove
• Figure 470. Subcuject
• Figure 471. 3D printed electronics
• Figure 472. Tactotek IME device
• Figure 473. TactoTek® IMSE® SiP - System In Package
• Figure 474. TCL Mini-LED TV schematic
• Figure 475. TCL 8K Mini-LED TV
• Figure 476. The Cinema Wall Micro-LED display
• Figure 477. Teslasuit
• Figure 478. Nerivio
• Figure 479. Feelzing Energy Patch
• Figure 480. 7.56" Transparent Display
• Figure 481. 7.56" Flexible Micro-LED
• Figure 482. 5.04" seamless splicing Micro LED
• Figure 483. 7.56" Transparent Micro LED
• Figure 484. Ultrahuman wearable glucose monitor
• Figure 485. Vaxxas patch
• Figure 486. S-Patch Ex
• Figure 487. Wiliot tags
• Figure 488. Zeit Medical Wearable Headband
• Figure 489. ZOZOFIT wearable at-home 3D body scanner
• Figure 490. YouCare smart shirt