The Global Synthetic Biology Market 2027-2037

Table of Contents

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1 Overview of the global synthetic biology market
• 1.2 Difference between synthetic biology and genetic engineering
• 1.3 Market size and growth projections
  • 1.3.1 By Technology
  • 1.3.2 By Product Type
  • 1.3.3 By Market
  • 1.3.4 By Region
• 1.4 Major trends and drivers
• 1.5 Investments in synthetic biology
• 1.6 Technology roadmap
• 1.7 Technology convergence: synthetic biology, industrial enzymes and white biotechnology
• 1.8 Regulatory and policy landscape
• 1.9 Colours of biotechnology
• 1.10 Industrial biotechnology value chain

2 INTRODUCTION

• 2.1 What is synthetic biology?
• 2.2 Comparison with conventional processes
• 2.3 Applications
• 2.4 Advantages
• 2.5 Sustainability
• 2.6 Synthetic Biology for the Circular Economy

3 TECHNOLOGY ANALYSIS

• 3.1 Biomanufacturing processes
  • 3.1.1 Batch biomanufacturing
  • 3.1.2 Continuous biomanufacturing
  • 3.1.3 Fermentation Processes
  • 3.1.4 Cell-free synthesis
  • 3.1.5 Biofilm-based production
  • 3.1.6 Microfluidic systems
  • 3.1.7 Photobioreactors
  • 3.1.8 Membrane bioreactors
  • 3.1.9 Plant cell culture
  • 3.1.10 Mammalian cell culture
  • 3.1.11 Bioprinting
• 3.2 Cell factories for biomanufacturing
• 3.3 Technology Overview
  • 3.3.1 Metabolic engineering
  • 3.3.2 Gene and DNA synthesis
  • 3.3.3 Gene Synthesis and Assembly
  • 3.3.4 Genome engineering
    • 3.3.4.1 CRISPR
      • 3.3.4.1.1 CRISPR/Cas9-modified biosynthetic pathways
      • 3.3.4.1.2 TALENs
      • 3.3.4.1.3 ZFNs
  • 3.3.5 Protein/Enzyme Engineering
  • 3.3.6 Synthetic genomics
    • 3.3.6.1 Principles of Synthetic Genomics
    • 3.3.6.2 Synthetic Chromosomes and Genomes
  • 3.3.7 Strain construction and optimization
  • 3.3.8 Smart bioprocessing
  • 3.3.9 Chassis organisms
  • 3.3.10 Biomimetics
  • 3.3.11 Sustainable materials
  • 3.3.12 Robotics and automation
    • 3.3.12.1 Robotic cloud laboratories
    • 3.3.12.2 Automating organism design
    • 3.3.12.3 Artificial intelligence and machine learning
  • 3.3.13 Bioinformatics and computational tools
    • 3.3.13.1 Role of Bioinformatics in Synthetic Biology
    • 3.3.13.2 Computational Tools for Design and Analysis
  • 3.3.14 Xenobiology and expanded genetic alphabets
  • 3.3.15 Biosensors and bioelectronics
  • 3.3.16 Feedstocks
    • 3.3.16.1 C1 feedstocks
      • 3.3.16.1.1 Advantages
      • 3.3.16.1.2 Pathways
      • 3.3.16.1.3 Challenges
      • 3.3.16.1.4 Non-methane C1 feedstocks
      • 3.3.16.1.5 Gas fermentation
    • 3.3.16.2 C2 feedstocks
    • 3.3.16.3 Biological conversion of CO2
    • 3.3.16.4 Food processing wastes
    • 3.3.16.5 Lignocellulosic biomass
    • 3.3.16.6 Syngas
    • 3.3.16.7 Glycerol
    • 3.3.16.8 Methane
    • 3.3.16.9 Municipal solid wastes
    • 3.3.16.10 Plastic wastes
    • 3.3.16.11 Plant oils
    • 3.3.16.12 Starch
    • 3.3.16.13 Sugars
    • 3.3.16.14 Used cooking oils
    • 3.3.16.15 Green hydrogen production
    • 3.3.16.16 Blue hydrogen production
  • 3.3.17 Marine biotechnology
    • 3.3.17.1 Cyanobacteria
    • 3.3.17.2 Macroalgae
    • 3.3.17.3 Companies

4 MARKET ANALYSIS

• 4.1 Market trends and drivers
• 4.2 Industry challenges and constraints
• 4.3 Synthetic biology in the bioeconomy
• 4.4 SWOT analysis
• 4.5 Synthetic biology markets
  • 4.5.1 Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.1 Solid Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.2 Liquid Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.3 Gaseous Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.4 Conventional Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.5 Advanced Biofuels
    • 4.5.1.6 Feedstocks
      • 4.5.1.6.1 First-generation (1-G)
      • 4.5.1.6.2 Second-generation (2-G)
        • 4.5.1.6.2.1 Lignocellulosic wastes and residues
        • 4.5.1.6.2.2 Biorefinery lignin
      • 4.5.1.6.3 Third-generation (3-G)
        • 4.5.1.6.3.1 Algal biofuels
          • 4.5.1.6.3.1.1 Properties
          • 4.5.1.6.3.1.2 Advantages
      • 4.5.1.6.4 Fourth-generation (4-G)
      • 4.5.1.6.5 Energy crops
      • 4.5.1.6.6 Agricultural residues
      • 4.5.1.6.7 Manure, sewage sludge and organic waste
      • 4.5.1.6.8 Forestry and wood waste
      • 4.5.1.6.9 Feedstock costs
    • 4.5.1.7 Synthetic biology approaches for biofuel production
    • 4.5.1.8 Bioethanol
      • 4.5.1.8.1 Ethanol to jet fuel technology
      • 4.5.1.8.2 Methanol from pulp & paper production
      • 4.5.1.8.3 Sulfite spent liquor fermentation
      • 4.5.1.8.4 Gasification
        • 4.5.1.8.4.1 Biomass gasification and syngas fermentation
        • 4.5.1.8.4.2 Biomass gasification and syngas thermochemical conversion
      • 4.5.1.8.5 CO2 capture and alcohol synthesis
      • 4.5.1.8.6 Biomass hydrolysis and fermentation
      • 4.5.1.8.7 Separate hydrolysis and fermentation
        • 4.5.1.8.7.1 Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)
        • 4.5.1.8.7.2 Pre-hydrolysis and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF)
        • 4.5.1.8.7.3 Simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation (SSCF)
        • 4.5.1.8.7.4 Direct conversion (consolidated bioprocessing) (CBP)
    • 4.5.1.9 Biodiesel
    • 4.5.1.10 Biogas
      • 4.5.1.10.1 Biomethane
      • 4.5.1.10.2 Feedstocks
      • 4.5.1.10.3 Anaerobic digestion
    • 4.5.1.11 Renewable diesel
    • 4.5.1.12 Biojet fuel
    • 4.5.1.13 Algal biofuels (blue biotech)
      • 4.5.1.13.1 Conversion pathways
      • 4.5.1.13.2 Market challenges
      • 4.5.1.13.3 Prices
      • 4.5.1.13.4 Producers
    • 4.5.1.14 Biohydrogen
      • 4.5.1.14.1 Biological Conversion Routes
        • 4.5.1.14.1.1 Bio-photochemical Reaction
        • 4.5.1.14.1.2 Fermentation and Anaerobic Digestion
    • 4.5.1.15 Biobutanol
    • 4.5.1.16 Bio-based methanol
      • 4.5.1.16.1 Anaerobic digestion
      • 4.5.1.16.2 Biomass gasification
      • 4.5.1.16.3 Power to Methane
    • 4.5.1.17 Bioisoprene
    • 4.5.1.18 Fatty Acid Esters
  • 4.5.2 Bio-based chemicals
    • 4.5.2.1 Acetic acid
    • 4.5.2.2 Adipic acid
    • 4.5.2.3 Aldehydes
    • 4.5.2.4 Acrylic acid
    • 4.5.2.5 Bacterial cellulose
    • 4.5.2.6 1,4-Butanediol (BDO)
    • 4.5.2.7 Bio-DME
    • 4.5.2.8 Dodecanedioic acid (DDDA)
    • 4.5.2.9 Ethylene
    • 4.5.2.10 3-Hydroxypropionic acid (3-HP)
    • 4.5.2.11 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO)
    • 4.5.2.12 Itaconic acid
    • 4.5.2.13 Lactic acid (D-LA)
    • 4.5.2.14 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5)
    • 4.5.2.15 Tetrahydrofuran (THF)
    • 4.5.2.16 Malonic acid
    • 4.5.2.17 Monoethylene glycol (MEG)
    • 4.5.2.18 Propylene
    • 4.5.2.19 Succinic acid (SA)
    • 4.5.2.20 Triglycerides
    • 4.5.2.21 Enzymes
    • 4.5.2.22 Vitamins
    • 4.5.2.23 Antibiotics
  • 4.5.3 Bioplastics and Biopolymers
    • 4.5.3.1 Polylactic acid (PLA)
    • 4.5.3.2 PHAs
      • 4.5.3.2.1 Commercial landscape
      • 4.5.3.2.2 Production biology
      • 4.5.3.2.3 Downstream processing
      • 4.5.3.2.4 Types
        • 4.5.3.2.4.1 PHB
        • 4.5.3.2.4.2 PHBV
      • 4.5.3.2.5 Synthesis and production processes
      • 4.5.3.2.6 Commercially available PHAs
    • 4.5.3.3 Bio-PET
    • 4.5.3.4 Starch blends
    • 4.5.3.5 Protein-based bioplastics
  • 4.5.4 Bioremediation
  • 4.5.5 Biocatalysis
    • 4.5.5.1 Biotransformations
    • 4.5.5.2 Cascade biocatalysis
    • 4.5.5.3 Co-factor recycling
    • 4.5.5.4 Immobilization
  • 4.5.6 Food and Nutraceutical Ingredients
    • 4.5.6.1 Alternative Proteins
    • 4.5.6.2 Natural Sweeteners
    • 4.5.6.3 Natural Flavors and Fragrances
    • 4.5.6.4 Texturants and Thickeners
    • 4.5.6.5 Nutraceuticals and Supplements
  • 4.5.7 Sustainable agriculture
    • 4.5.7.1 Crop Improvement and Trait Development
    • 4.5.7.2 Plant-Microbe Interactions and Symbiosis
    • 4.5.7.3 Biofertilizers
      • 4.5.7.3.1 Overview
      • 4.5.7.3.2 Companies
    • 4.5.7.4 Biopesticides
      • 4.5.7.4.1 Overview
      • 4.5.7.4.2 Companies
    • 4.5.7.5 Biostimulants
      • 4.5.7.5.1 Overview
      • 4.5.7.5.2 Companies
    • 4.5.7.6 Crop Biotechnology
      • 4.5.7.6.1 Genetic engineering
      • 4.5.7.6.2 Genome editing
      • 4.5.7.6.3 Companies
  • 4.5.8 Textiles
    • 4.5.8.1 Bio-Based Fibers
      • 4.5.8.1.1 Lyocell
      • 4.5.8.1.2 Bacterial cellulose
      • 4.5.8.1.3 Algae textiles
    • 4.5.8.2 Bio-based leather
      • 4.5.8.2.1 Properties of bio-based leathers
        • 4.5.8.2.1.1 Tear strength
        • 4.5.8.2.1.2 Tensile strength
        • 4.5.8.2.1.3 Bally flexing
      • 4.5.8.2.2 Comparison with conventional leathers
      • 4.5.8.2.3 Comparative analysis of bio-based leathers
    • 4.5.8.3 Plant-based leather
      • 4.5.8.3.1 Overview
      • 4.5.8.3.2 Production processes
        • 4.5.8.3.2.1 Feedstocks
        • 4.5.8.3.2.2 Agriculture Residues
        • 4.5.8.3.2.3 Food Processing Waste
        • 4.5.8.3.2.4 Invasive Plants
        • 4.5.8.3.2.5 Culture-Grown Inputs
        • 4.5.8.3.2.6 Textile-Based
        • 4.5.8.3.2.7 Bio-Composite
      • 4.5.8.3.3 Products
      • 4.5.8.3.4 Market players
    • 4.5.8.4 Mycelium leather
      • 4.5.8.4.1 Overview
      • 4.5.8.4.2 Production process
        • 4.5.8.4.2.1 Growth conditions
        • 4.5.8.4.2.2 Tanning Mycelium Leather
        • 4.5.8.4.2.3 Dyeing Mycelium Leather
      • 4.5.8.4.3 Products
      • 4.5.8.4.4 Market players
    • 4.5.8.5 Microbial leather
      • 4.5.8.5.1 Overview
      • 4.5.8.5.2 Production process
      • 4.5.8.5.3 Fermentation conditions
      • 4.5.8.5.4 Harvesting
      • 4.5.8.5.5 Products
      • 4.5.8.5.6 Market players
    • 4.5.8.6 Lab grown leather
      • 4.5.8.6.1 Overview
      • 4.5.8.6.2 Production process
      • 4.5.8.6.3 Products
      • 4.5.8.6.4 Market players
    • 4.5.8.7 Protein-based leather
      • 4.5.8.7.1 Overview
      • 4.5.8.7.2 Production process
      • 4.5.8.7.3 Commercial activity
    • 4.5.8.8 Recombinant Materials
    • 4.5.8.9 Sustainable Processing
  • 4.5.9 Packaging
    • 4.5.9.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
    • 4.5.9.2 Applications
      • 4.5.9.2.1 Vials, bottles, and containers
      • 4.5.9.2.2 Disposable items and household goods
      • 4.5.9.2.3 Food packaging
      • 4.5.9.2.4 Wet wipes and diapers
    • 4.5.9.3 Proteins
    • 4.5.9.4 Algae-based
    • 4.5.9.5 Mycelium
    • 4.5.9.6 Antimicrobial films and agents
  • 4.5.10 Healthcare and Pharmaceuticals
    • 4.5.10.1 Drug discovery and development
    • 4.5.10.2 Gene therapy and regenerative medicine
    • 4.5.10.3 Vaccine production
    • 4.5.10.4 Personalized medicine
    • 4.5.10.5 Diagnostic tools and biosensors
    • 4.5.10.6 Companies
  • 4.5.11 Cosmetics
  • 4.5.12 Surfactants and detergents
  • 4.5.13 Construction materials
    • 4.5.13.1 Bioconcrete
    • 4.5.13.2 Microalgae biocement
    • 4.5.13.3 Mycelium materials
• 4.6 Global market revenues 2019-2037
  • 4.6.1 By Technology
  • 4.6.2 By Product Type
  • 4.6.3 By Market
  • 4.6.4 By Region
• 4.7 Scale-up and pilot infrastructure
• 4.8 Natural molecule drug discovery
• 4.9 Future Market Outlook

5 COMPANY PROFILES (327 company profiles)

6 APPENDIX

• 6.1 Research Methodology
• 6.2 Glossary of Terms

7 REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Comparison of synthetic biology and genetic engineering.
• Table 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 3. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 5. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 6. Major trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
• Table 7. Investments in synthetic biology.
• Table 8. Phase 1: Consolidation & Cost-Down (2027-2029).
• Table 9. Phase 2: Integration & Scale (2030-2032).
• Table 10. Phase 3: Transformation & Convergence (2033-2035).
• Table 11. Phase 4: Maturation & Optimization (2036-2037).
• Table 12. Convergence of synthetic biology, industrial enzymes and white biotechnology.
• Table 13. Policy instruments shaping the 2027-2037 market.
• Table 14. Differences between synthetic biology and conventional processes.
• Table 15. Main application areas for synthetic biology.
• Table 16. Advantages of synthetic biology.
• Table 17. Key biomanufacturing processes utilized in synthetic biology.
• Table 18. Molecules produced through industrial biomanufacturing.
• Table 19. Continuous vs batch biomanufacturing
• Table 20. Key fermentation parameters in batch vs continuous biomanufacturing processes.
• Table 21. Synthetic biology fermentation processes.
• Table 22. Cell-free versus cell-based systems
• Table 23. Comparison of the biomanufacturing processes in synthetic biology.
• Table 24. Major microbial cell factories used in industrial biomanufacturing.
• Table 25. Core stages - Design, Build and Test.
• Table 26. Key tools and techniques used in metabolic engineering for pathway optimization.
• Table 27. Key applications of metabolic engineering.
• Table 28. Main DNA synthesis technologies
• Table 29. Main gene assembly methods.
• Table 30. Key applications of genome engineering.
• Table 31. Engineered proteins in industrial applications.
• Table 32.Key computational tools and their applications in synthetic biology.
• Table 33. Feedstocks for synthetic biology.
• Table 34. Products from C1 feedstocks in white biotechnology.
• Table 35. C2 Feedstock Products.
• Table 36. CO2 derived products via biological conversion-applications, advantages and disadvantages.
• Table 37. Production capacities of biorefinery lignin producers.
• Table 38. Common starch sources that can be used as feedstocks for producing biochemicals.
• Table 39. Biomass processes summary, process description and TRL.
• Table 40. Pathways for hydrogen production from biomass.
• Table 41. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
• Table 42. Blue biotechnology companies.
• Table 43. Market trends and drivers in synthetic biology.
• Table 44. Industry challenges and restraints in synthetic biology.
• Table 45. Key markets and applications for synthetic biology.
• Table 46. Comparison of biofuels.
• Table 47. Categories and examples of solid biofuel.
• Table 48. Comparison of biofuels and e-fuels to fossil and electricity.
• Table 49. Classification of biomass feedstock.
• Table 50. Biorefinery feedstocks.
• Table 51. Feedstock conversion pathways.
• Table 52. First-Generation Feedstocks.
• Table 53. Lignocellulosic ethanol plants and capacities.
• Table 54. Comparison of pulping and biorefinery lignins.
• Table 55. Commercial and pre-commercial biorefinery lignin production facilities and processes
• Table 56. Operating and planned lignocellulosic biorefineries and industrial flue gas-to-ethanol.
• Table 57. Properties of microalgae and macroalgae.
• Table 58. Yield of algae and other biodiesel crops.
• Table 59. Range of biomass cost by feedstock type.
• Table 60.  Processes in bioethanol production.
• Table 61. Microorganisms used in CBP for ethanol production from biomass lignocellulosic.
• Table 62. Biodiesel by generation.
• Table 63. Biodiesel production techniques.
• Table 64. Biofuel production cost from the biomass pyrolysis process.
• Table 65. Biogas feedstocks.
• Table 66. Advantages and disadvantages of Bio-aviation fuel.
• Table 67. Production pathways for Bio-aviation fuel.
• Table 68. Current and announced Bio-aviation fuel facilities and capacities.
• Table 69. Algae-derived biofuel producers.
• Table 70. Markets and applications for biohydrogen.
• Table 71. Comparison of different Bio-H2 production pathways.
• Table 72. Properties of petrol and biobutanol.
• Table 73. Comparison of biogas, biomethane and natural gas.
• Table 74. Biobased chemicals that can be produced using synthetic biology approaches.
• Table 75. Applications of bio-based caprolactam.
• Table 76. Applications of bio-based acrylic acid.
• Table 77. Applications of bio-based 1,4-Butanediol (BDO).
• Table 78. Applications of bio-based ethylene.
• Table 79. Biobased feedstock sources for 3-HP.
• Table 80. Applications of 3-HP.
• Table 81. Applications of bio-based 1,3-Propanediol (1,3-PDO).
• Table 82. Biobased feedstock sources for itaconic acid.
• Table 83. Applications of bio-based itaconic acid.
• Table 84. Biobased feedstocks that can be used to produce 1,5-diaminopentane (DA5).
• Table 85. Applications of DN5.
• Table 86. Applications of bio-based Tetrahydrofuran (THF).
• Table 87. Markets and applications for malonic acid.
• Table 88. Biobased feedstock sources for MEG.
• Table 89. Applications of bio-based MEG.
• Table 90. Applications of bio-based propylene.
• Table 91. Biobased feedstock sources for Succinic acid.
• Table 92. Applications of succinic acid.
• Table 93. Bioplastics and bioplastic precursors synthesized via white biotechnology processes .
• Table 94. Polylactic acid (PLA) market analysis-manufacture, advantages, disadvantages and applications.
• Table 95. PLA producers and production capacities.
• Table 96.Types of PHAs and properties.
• Table 97. Comparison of the physical properties of different PHAs with conventional petroleum-based polymers.
• Table 98. Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) extraction methods.
• Table 99. Commercially available PHAs.
• Table 100. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
• Table 101. Applications of white biotechnology in bioremediation and environmental remediation.
• Table 102. Companies developing fermentation-derived food.
• Table 103. Biofertilizer companies.
• Table 104. Biopesticides companies.
• Table 105. Biostimulants companies.
• Table 106. Crop biotechnology companies.
• Table 107. Types of sustainable alternative leathers.
• Table 108. Properties of bio-based leathers.
• Table 109. Comparison with conventional leathers.
• Table 110. Price of commercially available sustainable alternative leather products.
• Table 111. Comparative analysis of sustainable alternative leathers.
• Table 112. Key processing steps involved in transforming plant fibers into leather materials.
• Table 113. Current and emerging plant-based leather products.
• Table 114. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
• Table 115. Overview of mycelium-description, properties, drawbacks and applications.
• Table 116. Companies developing mycelium-based leather products.
• Table 117. Types of microbial-derived leather alternative.
• Table 118. Companies developing microbial leather products.
• Table 119. Companies developing plant-based leather products.
• Table 120. Types of protein-based leather alternatives.
• Table 121. Companies developing protein based leather.
• Table 122. Applications, advantages and disadvantages of PHAs in packaging.
• Table 123. Types of protein based-bioplastics, applications and companies.
• Table 124. Overview of alginate-description, properties, application and market size.
• Table 125. Pharmaceutical applications of synthetic biology.
• Table 126. Companies involved in synthetic biology for gene therapy and regenerative medicine
• Table 127. Companies involved in synthetic biology for vaccine production.
• Table 128. Companies involved in synthetic biology for personalized medicine.
• Table 129. Synthetic biology companies in healthcare and pharmaceuticals.
• Table 130. Applications of biotechnology in the cosmetics industry.
• Table 131. Sustainable biomanufacturing of surfactants and detergents.
• Table 132. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 133. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 134. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 135. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Table 136. Scale-up transition points and typical failure modes.
• Table 137. Glossary of Terms.

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 2. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 3. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 4. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 5. Industrial biotechnology value chain.
• Figure 6. Cell-free and cell-based protein synthesis systems.
• Figure 7. CRISPR/Cas9 & Targeted Genome Editing.
• Figure 8. Genetic Circuit-Assisted Smart Microbial Engineering.
• Figure 9. Microbial Chassis Development for Natural Product Biosynthesis.
• Figure 10. LanzaTech gas-fermentation process.
• Figure 11. Schematic of biological CO2 conversion into e-fuels.
• Figure 12. Overview of biogas utilization.
• Figure 13. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
• Figure 14. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
• Figure 15. BLOOM masterbatch from Algix.
• Figure 16. SWOT analysis: synthetic biology.
• Figure 17. Schematic of a biorefinery for production of carriers and chemicals.
• Figure 19. Overview of biogas utilization.
• Figure 20. Biogas and biomethane pathways.
• Figure 21. Schematic overview of anaerobic digestion process for biomethane production.
• Figure 22. Algal biomass conversion process for biofuel production.
• Figure 23. Pathways for algal biomass conversion to biofuels.
• Figure 24. Biobutanol production route.
• Figure 25. Renewable Methanol Production Processes from Different Feedstocks.
• Figure 26. Production of biomethane through anaerobic digestion and upgrading.
• Figure 27. Production of biomethane through biomass gasification and methanation.
• Figure 28. Production of biomethane through the Power to methane process.
• Figure 29. Overview of Toray process.
• Figure 30. Bacterial nanocellulose shapes
• Figure 31. PHA family.
• Figure 32. AlgiKicks sneaker, made with the Algiknit biopolymer gel.
• Figure 33. Conceptual landscape of next-gen leather materials.
• Figure 34. Hermes bag made of MycoWorks' mycelium leather.
• Figure 35. Ganni blazer made from bacterial cellulose.
• Figure 36. Bou Bag by GANNI and Modern Synthesis.
• Figure 37. Paper cups lined with home-compostable PHA.
• Figure 38. Amorphous PHA Cosmetics Jar.
• Figure 39. Types of bio-based materials used for antimicrobial food packaging application.
• Figure 40. Self-healing bacteria crack filler for concrete.
• Figure 41. BioMason cement.
• Figure 42. Microalgae based biocement masonry bloc.
• Figure 43. Typical structure of mycelium-based foam.
• Figure 44. Commercial mycelium composite construction materials.
• Figure 45. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Technology, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 46. Global Revenues for Synthetic Biology by Product Type, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 47. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by market, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 48. Global revenues for synthetic biology, by region, 2019-2037 (Billion USD).
• Figure 49. Jelly-like seaweed-based nanocellulose hydrogel.
• Figure 50. Algiknit yarn.
• Figure 51. ALGIECEL PhotoBioReactor.
• Figure 52. BIOLO e-commerce mailer bag made from PHA.
• Figure 53. Domsjo process.
• Figure 54. Mushroom leather.
• Figure 55. PHA production process.
• Figure 56. Light Bio Bioluminescent plants.
• Figure 57. Lignin gel.
• Figure 58. BioFlex process.
• Figure 59. TransLeather.
• Figure 60. Reishi.
• Figure 61. Compostable water pod.
• Figure 62. Precision Photosynthesis™ technology.
• Figure 63. Enfinity cellulosic ethanol technology process.
• Figure 64. Fabric consisting of 70 per cent wool and 30 per cent Qmilk.
• Figure 65. Lyocell process.
• Figure 66. Spider silk production.
• Figure 67. Corbion FDCA production process.
• Figure 68. UPM biorefinery process.
• Figure 69. The Proesa® Process.