Europe Renewable Energy Policy Handbook 2025

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

1 Renewable Energy Market, Europe

• 1.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 1.2 European Union Renewable Energy Targets
• 1.3 Geopolitical Crisis
• 1.4 Auction Trends

2 Renewable Energy Policy, Austria

• 2.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 2.2 Policy Snapshot
• 2.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 2.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 2.5 Renewable Energy Expansion Act - Erneuerbaren-Ausbau-Gesetz (EAG)
• EAG amendment
• 2.6 Premium Tariff Auctions
• Auctions
• 2.7 Green Electricity Act
• 2.8 Rooftop Solar PV Subsidy
• 2.9 National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition
• 2.10 Hydrogen Strategy
• Hydrogen Promotion Act
• Hydrogen Auction
• 2.11 Zero tax rate
• Funding under the Renewable Energy Expansion Act (EAG)

3 Renewable Energy Policy, Belgium

• 3.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 3.2 Policy Snapshot
• 3.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 3.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 3.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• 3.6 Hydrogen Energy
• 3.7 Regional Hydrogen Initiatives
• 3.8 Hydrogen Goals under Belgium's NECP
• 3.9 Hydrogen Projects and Industrial Developments
• 3.10 Brussels Climate Plan
• Brussels Air, Climate and Energy Plan
• 3.11 Flanders Climate Plan
• 3.12 Wallonia Climate Plan
• 3.13 The Carbon Neutrality Decree
• 3.14 Green Certificates - Certificats Verts (CV)
• Brussels
• Flanders
• Wallonia
• 3.15 Net Metering
• Brussels
• Flanders
• Wallonia
• 3.16 Auctions
• Offshore Wind Auctions
• Capacity Remuneration Mechanism (CRM)
• Future Auctions and Outlook
• 3.17 Green Electricity Call
• 3.18 Energy Transition Fund
• 3.19 VAT reduction on Solar Panels

4 Renewable Energy Policy, Bulgaria

• 4.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 4.2 Policy Snapshot
• 4.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 4.4 National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030
• 4.5 National Hydrogen Roadmap
• 4.6 National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP)
• 4.7 Energy Act
• 4.8 Contracts for Difference (CfD) Scheme
• 4.9 Feed-in Tariff/ Premium Tariff

5 Renewable Energy Market, Croatia

• 5.1 Energy Market, Overview
• 5.2 Policy Snapshot
• 5.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 5.4 National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030
• 5.5 Croatia's National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026
• 5.6 Premium Tariff support scheme
• 5.7 Auctions for premium tariffs
• 5.8 The Environmental Protection Programme of the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development HBOR
• 5.9 Energy Act

6 Renewable Energy Market, Czech Republic

• 6.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 6.2 Renewable Energy Targets
• 6.3 Policy Snapshot
• 6.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021 - 2034
• 6.5 State Energy Policy (SEP)
• 6.6 Hydrogen Energy
• 6.7 Green Investment Scheme: New Green Savings Programme
• 6.8 Energy Management Act
• 6.9 Solar PV Rebates
• 6.10 Auctions
• 6.11 Tax Exemption for Renewable Energy Use
• 6.12 State Program to Promote Energy Savings and Use of Renewable and Secondary Energy Sources
• 6.13 National Recovery Plan

7 Renewable Energy Market, Denmark

• 7.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 7.2 Policy Snapshot
• 7.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 7.4 Electricity Supply Act
• 7.5 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (Target 2020)
• 7.6 Draft-National Energy and Climate Plan (Target 2030)
• 7.7 Energy Strategy 2050
• 7.8 National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition
• 7.9 Hydrogen energy in Denmark
• Green Hydrogen Hub
• HyBalance's PEM electrolysis Hydrogen plant
• Energy Island Project
• 7.10 Promotion of Renewable Energy Act (RE Act)
• Upcoming tenders for support to biogas and other green gas production
• 7.11 Auctions
• Denmark Renewable Energy Auction, 2019
• Mixed auction
• Cross-border auctions
• Solar auctions
• Auctions Update
• 7.12 Net-metering
• 7.13 Loan guarantee for construction of wind energy plants

8 Renewable Energy Market, Finland

• 8.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 8.2 Policy Snapshot
• 8.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 8.4 National Energy and Climate Strategy of Finland for 2030
• 8.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition
• 8.6 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 8.7 Hydrogen Energy
• Hydrogen infrastructure development projects
• 8.8 Competitive Tender/ Auctions
• First Round of Auctions
• Upcoming Auctions and Latest Developments
• 8.9 Act on Offshore Wind Power in the Exclusive Economic Zone
• 8.10 Incentives for phasing out coal power.
• 8.11 Energy Aid
• 8.12 Smart Metering in Finland
• Smart Grids and Energy Markets program (SGEM)
• 8.13 Temporary Crisis Framework
• Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework (TCTF)
• 8.14 Green Certificates
• 8.15 Guarantee of Origin

9 Renewable Energy Market, France

• 9.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 9.2 Policy Snapshot
• 9.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 9.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP)
• 9.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• 9.6 Law on Energy Transition for Green Growth (LTECV)
• 9.7 France's Multiannual Energy Programme (Programmationpluriannuelle de l'energie or PPE)
• 9.8 The National Low-Carbon Strategy (strategie nationale bas-carbone, (SNBC))
• 9.9 Hydrogen Energy
• Decree no. 2023-854 (September 2023)
• Decree no. 2024-289 (March 2024)
• Ministerial Order (July 2024)
• 9.10 Feed-in Tariffs
• Premium Tariffs
• Latest Tariff Rates
• 9.11 Renewable Energy Tenders/Auctions
• Offshore Wind
• Auction Analysis
• 9.12 Green Fund
• 9.13 Green Innovation Funding Program
• 9.14 Renewable Energy Market Development
• 9.15 Tax Credit for Energy Transition (CITE)
• MaPrimeRenov'(the energy transition bonus)
• 9.16 Reduced VAT for Residential Renewable Energy Equipment
• 9.17 Offshore Wind Pact
• 9.18 Renewable Energy Acceleration Bill

10 Renewable Energy Market, Germany

• 10.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 10.2 Policy Snapshot
• 10.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 10.4 Climate Protection Act
• 10.5 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), 2021-2030
• 10.6 Renewable Energy Act (ErneuerbareEnergienGesetz - EEG)
• EEG 2023
• EEG 2024
• 10.7 Coal Exit Law
• 10.8 Nuclear Phase Out
• 10.9 Wind Power Development
• Onshore Wind Energy Act
• Offshore Wind Energy Act (WindSeeG)
• 10.10 Solar PV Development
• Rooftop Feed-in Tariff (FiT)
• Tenant's Solar Power Supply
• Solar Peak (Solarspitzen)
• Solar Package I
• 10.11 Omnibus Energy Act
• 10.12 Renewable Energy Auctions
• Solar PV
• Onshore wind
• Offshore Wind
• Biomass
• Innovation Tender
• Joint Auctions for Onshore Wind and Solar Power Projects
• 10.13 National Hydrogen Strategy
• Hydrogen Acceleration Law

11 Renewable Energy Policy, Greece

• 11.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 11.2 Policy Snapshot
• 11.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 11.4 Energy Policy, Greece
• 11.5 Coal Phase Out Target
• 11.6 Wind Power Development
• 11.7 National Climate Law
• 11.8 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 11.9 Hydrogen Energy
• 11.10 Generation of Electricity using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Law
• 11.11 ETMEAR Levy
• 11.12 Renewable Energy Auctions
• 11.13 Energy Storage Auction Program
• 11.14 Climate Law 4936/2022

12 Renewable Energy Market, Iceland

• 12.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 12.2 Policy Snapshot
• 12.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 12.4 Sustainable Development Strategy
• 12.5 Iceland's 2020 Climate Action Plan
• 12.6 Green by Iceland
• 12.7 Hydrogen Energy
• Capacity target
• 12.8 Geothermal Technology and Innovation
• 12.9 Act No. 30/2008 on electricity produced from renewable energy sources

13 Renewable Energy Market, Ireland

• 13.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 13.2 Policy Snapshot
• 13.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 13.4 National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030
• 13.5 Ireland's Transition to a Low Carbon Energy Future 2015-2030
• 13.6 Programme for Government - Our Shared Future
• 13.7 Project Ireland 2040
• 13.8 Climate Action Plan
• 13.9 Renewable Energy Support Scheme (RESS)
• 13.10 Budget 2025
• 13.11 Hydrogen Energy
• 13.12 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• 13.13 Offshore Renewable Energy Development Plan
• 13.14 Micro Generation Support Scheme
• 13.15 Carbon Tax
• 13.16 Ireland National Retrofit Plan

14 Renewable Energy Policy, Italy

• 14.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 14.2 Policy Snapshot
• 14.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 14.4 FER X Decree
• Transitional FER-X Decree
• 14.5 Renewable Energy Consolidated Act
• 14.6 National Energy Strategy 2030
• 14.7 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• State Aid Scheme for Agrovoltaic Installation
• 14.8 National Integrated Plan for Climate and Energy 2030
• 14.9 Hydrogen Energy
• 14.10 Feed-in Tariff
• 14.11 Renewable Auctions
• Regulations
• Results
• Auction Analysis
• 14.12 Net-Metering Scheme
• 14.13 New Regulation to Promote Solar and Renewables in Non-Interconnected Islands
• 14.14 Tax Regulation Mechanism I
• 14.15 Tax Regulation Mechanism II
• 14.16 D.L. Energia
• 14.17 The Energy Decree
• 14.18 Regional and Municipal level policy/incentives
• Abruzzo
• Aosta Valley
• Basilicata
• Bologna
• Calabria
• Campania
• Emilia Romagna
• Friuli-Venezia Giulia
• Lazio
• Liguria
• Lombardy
• Marche
• Molise
• Piemonte
• Puglia
• Sardinia
• Sicily
• Tuscany
• Umbria
• Veneto

15 Renewable Energy Market, Netherlands

• 15.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 15.2 Policy Snapshot
• 15.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 15.4 Hydrogen Energy
• Dutch Hydrogen Strategy
• Hydrogen Programme
• Porthos
• PosHYdon
• Magnum Project
• New Dutch Energy Act
• 15.5 National Climate Agreement
• 15.6 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 15.7 Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition
• 15.8 Offshore Wind Energy Act
• 15.9 Offshore Wind Energy 2030 Roadmap
• 15.10 Offshore Wind Auctions
• 15.11 Top Sector Energie (TSE) - the Support Scheme for Innovative Energy Projects
• EKOO subsidy scheme
• MOOI subsidy
• Demonstration Energy and Climate Innovation (DEI+)
• 15.12 Feed-in Premium Program - SDE+ and SDE++
• 15.13 Net-Metering
• 15.14 "Terugleversubsidie" - Phasing out Net-Metering
• 15.15 Energy Investment Allowance (EIA) scheme
• 15.16 Environmental investment allowance - milieu-investeringsaftrek (MIA) and Vamil: Tax Relief Schemes

16 Renewable Energy Policy, Norway

• 16.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 16.2 Policy Snapshot
• 16.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 16.4 Energy Act
• 16.5 National Climate Plan
• Norway's long-term low-emission strategy for 2050
• 16.6 Climate Change Act
• 16.7 Hydrogen Energy
• Adoption of Zero-Emission Vehicles
• 16.8 Auctions
• 16.9 Guarantees of Origin (GO)
• 16.10 Energi21
• 16.11 Watercourse Regulation Act
• 16.12 Waterfall Rights Act
• 16.13 Act on Offshore Renewable Energy Production (The Offshore Energy Act)
• 16.14 Green Recovery Package
• 16.15 Green Conversion Package
• 16.16 Resource Rent Tax

17 Renewable Energy Market, Poland

• 17.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 17.2 Policy Snapshot
• 17.3 Poland Energy Policy 2040 (PEP2040/EPP2040)
• 17.4 Energy Law Act
• Amendment 2023
• Quota System (Renewable Portfolio Standards)
• 17.5 Renewable Energy Sources Act (RES Act)
• Amendments under the RES Act
• 17.6 10H Rule - Onshore Wind Distance Act
• 17.7 Offshore Wind Act
• Amendments to the Offshore Wind Act
• 17.8 Auction-based Feed-in Tariff (FIT)/Feed-in Premium (FIP) Results
• 17.9 Financial Support and Incentives
• My Wind Power Plant Program, 2024
• Solar Rebate Scheme 'Moj Prad' or 'My Electricity', 2019
• Offshore wind loan programme
• Green Investment Scheme
• EBRD loans
• 17.10 Coal Phase Out
• 17.11 Geothermal Target

18 Renewable Energy Market, Portugal

• 18.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 18.2 Policy Snapshot
• 18.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 18.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 18.5 Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality - Roteiro para a Neutralidade Carbonica (RNC2050)
• 18.6 Green Growth Commitment 2030
• 18.7 Hydrogen Energy
• The National Hydrogen Strategy (EN-H2)
• 18.8 Renewable Energy Auctions
• Recent developments
• Auction for floating solar PV capacity 2021 - 2022
• Second round Solar PV auction 2020
• First Round Solar PV Auctions 2019
• 18.9 Guaranteed Remuneration Scheme for Small Generators
• 18.10 Exception from Clawback Mechanism
• 18.11 Portugal's recovery and resilience plan
• 18.12 Small Investments in Agricultural Exploration programme
• 18.13 Long-Term Strategy for Building Renovation

19 Renewable Energy Market, Romania

• 19.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 19.2 Policy Snapshot
• 19.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 19.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 19.5 Hydrogen Energy
• 19.6 Coal Phase Out
• 19.7 Renewable Energy Law
• 19.8 Government Emergency Ordinance no. 134/2024 (GEO)
• 19.9 Government Emergency Ordinance no. 163/2022 (GEO)
• 19.10 Emergency Ordinance no. 143/2021
• 19.11 Government Emergency Ordinance no. 24/2017
• 19.12 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2030
• 19.13 Quota System
• 19.14 CfD Scheme
• Auction
• 19.15 EU's Modernization Fund
• 19.16 Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition

20 Renewable Energy Market, Russia

• 20.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 20.2 Policy Snapshot
• 20.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 20.4 General Scheme for the Placement of Electric Power Facilities through 2042
• 20.5 Decree 449 on the Mechanism for the Promotion of Renewable Energy
• 20.6 Auction Process and Localization Requirements
• 20.7 Renewable Energy Auctions
• Auction Analysis
• Competitive selection of investment projects on the wholesale market
• 20.8 The Russian Federation Renewable Energy Program
• 20.9 Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2035
• 20.10 Premium and Certificates Scheme
• 20.11 Hydrogen Energy in the Russian Federation
• Hydrogen roadmap 2024
• 20.12 Decree 812 Climate Doctrine of the Russian Federation
• 20.13 Decree 603 of the Russian Federation

21 Renewable Energy Market, Slovakia

• 21.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 21.2 Policy Snapshot
• 21.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 21.4 Slovak Energy Policy - Energeticka politika (EP SR)
• 21.5 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 21.6 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• 21.7 Hydrogen Energy
• 21.8 Enviro-strategy 2030 (Envirostrategy-Greener Slovakia)
• 21.9 Act No. 251/2012 on Energy and amendments to certain acts
• 21.10 Act No. 250/2012 on Regulatory Office for Network Industries (RONI)
• 21.11 Act No. 309/2009 on Support of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) and High Efficiency Combined Heat and Power (CHP)
• 21.12 Auctions
• 21.13 Feed-in Tariffs (FiT)
• 21.14 Subsidy (Operational Programme Quality of Environment)
• 21.15 European Commission Support for High-efficient Cogeneration of Electricity

22 Renewable Energy Policy, Spain

• 22.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 22.2 Policy Snapshot
• 22.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 22.4 Electricity Law 24/2013
• 22.5 Royal Decree-Law 23/2020
• 22.6 Climate Change and Energy Transition (Law 7/2021)
• 22.7 The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030
• 22.8 National Recovery and Resilience Plan - Green Transition
• 22.9 Hydrogen Energy
• The Spanish Measure
• 22.10 The Royal Decree Law 13/2012
• 22.11 The Royal Decree Law 29/2012
• 22.12 The Royal Decree Law 9/2013
• 22.13 Royal Decree 110/2015
• 22.14 Suspension of Solar Power Tax
• 22.15 Feed-in Premiums
• 22.16 Renewable Auctions
• Auction Analysis
• 22.17 The Institute for the Diversification and Saving of Energy (IDAE)
• 22.18 Grid Connection of Small Wind Turbines
• 22.19 Roadmap for the Development of Offshore Wind and Marine Energy.

23 Renewable Energy Market, Sweden

• 23.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 23.2 Policy Snapshot
• 23.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 23.4 Climate Act and Climate Policy Framework
• 23.5 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP)
• 23.6 National Recovery and Resilience Plan
• 23.7 Hydrogen Energy
• 23.8 Green Certificate Scheme
• Quota Obligation
• 23.9 Solar Rebate Scheme
• 23.10 Cancellation of Solar Tax for Commercial PV
• 23.11 Energy Tax relief
• 23.12 Removal of the Building Permit for Solar Systems
• 23.13 Reduction in Connections Costs for Offshore Wind Power
• 23.14 Carbon Tax
• 23.15 Coal Phase Out
• 23.16 The Swedish Energy Research and Innovation Program
• 23.17 Sweden's Budget

24 Renewable Energy Policy, Switzerland

• 24.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 24.2 Policy Snapshot
• 24.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 24.4 Electricity Supply Act (ESA)
• 24.5 Federal Act - Secure Electricity Supply for Renewables
• Amendment of the Energy Act and and the Energy Promotion Ordinance
• 24.6 Law on Renewable Energy Targets
• 24.7 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement
• 24.8 Climate and Innovation Act
• 24.9 Energy Strategy 2050
• Measures for increasing energy efficiency.
• Measures for the development of renewable energies
• Measures with respect to electricity grids
• Further measures
• 24.10 National Hydrogen Strategy
• 24.11 COVID 19 Green Recovery and Solar PV Rebate Program
• 24.12 Energy Research Program
• 24.13 Swiss Energy Research for the Energy Transition (SWEET)
• 24.14 Risk Guarantee Scheme for Geothermal Power Projects
• 24.15 Floating Market Premiums
• 24.16 Compensatory feed-in remuneration at cost (KEV)
• 24.17 Auctions
• Auction Analysis

25 Renewable Energy Market, Turkey

• 25.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 25.2 Policy Snapshot
• 25.3 Renewable Energy Target
• 25.4 Electricity Market Law
• 25.5 Roadmap for Renewable Energy
• 25.6 Offshore Wind Roadmap
• 25.7 National Energy Plan 2023-2035
• 25.8 Omnibus Law
• 25.9 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP)
• 25.10 Act No. 5346 - Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources
• 25.11 The Presidential Decree Number 1044
• 25.12 Nationally Determined Condition (NDC)
• 25.13 Law on Geothermal Sources and Natural Mineral Water
• 25.14 Feed-in-Tariff
• 25.15 YEKDEM
• 25.16 Auctions
• 25.17 Income Tax Credit
• 25.18 Renewable Energy Zones (YEKA-Scheme)
• 25.19 Hydrogen Energy
• 25.20 Electricity Market Licensing Regulation
• Amendments to Electricity Market Licensing Regulation
• 25.21 Clean Technology Fund (CTF)

26 Renewable Energy Market, UK

• 26.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview
• 26.2 Policy Snapshot
• 26.3 Renewable Energy Targets
• 26.4 Electricity Market Reform 2011
• 26.5 Climate Change Act
• Amendment 2019
• 26.6 The Clean Growth Strategy and Clean Growth Grand Challenge
• 26.7 Carbon Reduction target 2030
• 26.8 Hydrogen Policy in the UK
• Overview
• The Prime Minister's Ten Point Plan 2020
• Hydrogen Strategy
• Powering our Net Zero Future: White Paper
• Sixth Carbon Budget Report issued by the Climate Change Committee
• Sector Development Action Plan
• 26.9 Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin
• 26.10 Renewable Obligation Order
• 26.11 Contracts for Difference (CfD)
• 26.12 Impact of Brexit on UK energy Industry
• 26.13 Carbon Price Floor (CPF)
• 26.14 Carbon Price Support
• 26.15 Climate Change Levy
• 26.16 Smart Metering
• 26.17 Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)
• 26.18 Strategies and legislation in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales
• Northern Ireland
• Scotland
• Wales
• 26.19 Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA)
• 26.20 British Energy Security Strategy
• Package of support for innovative energy
• Net Zero Strategy
• 26.21 Energy Act 2023

27 Appendix

• 27.1 Abbreviations
• 27.2 Methodology
• Coverage
• Secondary Research
• About GlobalData
• Contact Us

List of Table

List of Tables

• Table 1: Renewable Energy Policy, Europe, 2024
• Table 2: Renewable Energy Target, NECP, EU, 2030
• Table 3: Policy Snapshot, Austria, 2024
• Table 4: Auctions, Austria, 2022-23
• Table 5: Policy Snapshot, Belgium, 2024
• Table 6: Indicative Targets for Renewable Power Generation, GWh, Belgium, 2030
• Table 7: Federal Hydrogen Strategy Measures, Belgium, 2022
• Table 8: Capacity Remuneration Mechanism (CRM) Auctions, Belgium, 2024
• Table 9: Policy Snapshot, Bulgaria, 2024
• Table 10: Bulgaria, Premium Price Comparison
• Table 11: Bulgaria, Feed-in Tariff, 2011-2012
• Table 12: Policy Snapshot, Croatia, 2024
• Table 13: National Energy and Climate Plan, Croatia, 2021-2030
• Table 14: Premium Tariffs, Auction, Croatia, 2024
• Table 15: Renewable Energy Targets, Czech Republic
• Table 16: Policy Snapshot, Czech Republic, 2024
• Table 17: Policy Snapshot, Denmark, 2024
• Table 18: National Energy and Climate Plan, Denmark, 2021-2030
• Table 19: Danish Power-to-X (PtX) Tender Winning Projects
• Table 20: Renewable Energy Auctions, Denmark, 2016-2019
• Table 21: Renewable Energy Auctions, Denmark, 2019
• Table 22: Denmark, Results of Renewable Auctions, 2018
• Table 23: Denmark, Proposed Offshore Wind Tender (6GW) for 2024-2025
• Table 24: Net-metering Criteria for Different Renewable Technologies, Denmark
• Table 25: Policy Snapshot, Finland, 2024
• Table 26: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Finland, 2021-2030
• Table 27: First Renewable Energy Auction, Finland, 2019
• Table 28: Policy Snapshot, France, 2024
• Table 29: Renewable Energy, Policy Environment Summary, France
• Table 30: Targets under NECP, France, 2021 to 2030
• Table 31: Renewable Energy, Multiannual Energy Programme (PPE), France, 2020
• Table 32: GHG Emission Estimates under SNBC 2, France, 2019-2033
• Table 33: Renewable Energy, Premium Tariffs Eligibility Criteria, France
• Table 34: Renewable Energy, Feed-in Tariffs and Premiums, Solar PV, France, 2025
• Table 35: Solar Rooftop installation, Feed in Tariffs Eligibility Criteria, France
• Table 36: Renewable Energy, Awarded Renewable Energy Auctions, France, 2017-2024
• Table 37: Renewable Energy, Announced Renewable Energy Auctions, France, 2022-2027
• Table 38: Policy Snapshot, Germany, 2024
• Table 39: Renewable Energy Targets, Germany, 2030
• Table 40: Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Rooftop Solar PV, Germany, 2023
• Table 41: Ceiling Price Comparison for Solar PV Auctions, Germany
• Table 42: Solar PV Auction Results, Germany, 2018 - 2024
• Table 43: Rooftop Solar PV Auction Results, Germany, 2021 - 2025
• Table 44: Onshore Auction Results, Germany, 2018 - 2025
• Table 45: Offshore Auction Results, Germany, 2017 - 2024
• Table 46: Offshore Wind Auctions, Germany, 2023
• Table 47: Biomass Auction Results, Germany, 2018 - 2023
• Table 48: Innovation Tender Auctions, Germany, 2020 - 2024
• Table 49: Germany, Joint Auction Results, 2018-2024
• Table 50: Policy Snapshot, Greece, 2024
• Table 51: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Greece, 2021-2030
• Table 52: Renewable Energy Auctions, Greece, 2018-2022
• Table 53: Timetable for Renewable Electricity Auctions (2023-2024)
• Table 54: Energy Storage Tender Results
• Table 55: Policy Snapshot, Iceland, 2024
• Table 56: Policy Snapshot, Ireland, 2024
• Table 57: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Ireland, 2021-2030
• Table 58: RESS Auction Stages, Ireland
• Table 59: RESS I Auction Provisional Results, Ireland, 2020
• Table 60: RESS 2 Auction Provisional Results, Ireland, 2022
• Table 61: RESS 3 Auction Provisional Results, Ireland, 2023
• Table 62: RESS 4 Auction Provisional Results, Ireland, 2024
• Table 63: ORESS 1 Auction Provisional Results, Ireland, 2023
• Table 64: SFCT rates effective from 1 May 2024, Ireland
• Table 65: Policy Snapshot, Italy, 2024
• Table 66: Application Guidelines for Capacity Installation, FER X
• Table 67: Reference Operating Prices, Transitional FER-X Decree
• Table 68: Power Market, Italy, Primary Objectives on Energy and Climate, EU, and Italy, 2020 & 2030
• Table 69: Renewable Auction Results, Category A, Italy, 2019-2024
• Table 70: Renewable Auction Results, Category B and Category C, Italy, 2019-2022
• Table 71: Renewable Generation Target (TWh), Sicily, 2030
• Table 72: Renewable Power Targets (MW), Sicily, 2030
• Table 73: Policy Snapshot, Netherlands, 2024
• Table 74: Targets/Ambitions for Renewable Energy Generation (TWh), Netherlands, 2030
• Table 75: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Netherlands, 2021-2030
• Table 76: Offshore Wind Auctions (EUR/MWh and $/MWh), Netherlands, 2016-2027
• Table 77: Subsidies Opening Expected in the year 2025, Netherlands
• Table 78: Schedule for Topsector Energie subsidy programme, Netherlands, 2022-2023
• Table 79: Schedule for Topsector Energie subsidy programme, Netherlands, 2023-2024
• Table 80: Eligible Technologies for the SDE++ Subsidy Scheme, Netherlands, 2022
• Table 81: SDE++ Subsidy Scheme Tender Details, Netherlands, 2022
• Table 82: SDE++ Subsidy Scheme Tender Details, Netherlands, 2023
• Table 83: SDE++ Subsidy Scheme Tender Details, Netherlands, 2024
• Table 84: Policy Snapshot, Norway, 2024
• Table 85: Policy Snapshot, Poland, 2024
• Table 86: Renewable Energy Auctions, Poland, 2018-2024
• Table 87: Policy Snapshot, Portugal, 2024
• Table 88: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Portugal, 2021-2030
• Table 89: Major targets, RNC 2050, Portugal
• Table 90: Floating Solar PV Auction, Portugal, 2022
• Table 91: Floating Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2022
• Table 92: Second Round Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2020
• Table 93: Renewable Energy Auctions, Portugal, 2019-2022
• Table 94: First Round Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2019
• Table 95: New advance payments in a phased system clawback mechanism effective from 1st january 2024
• Table 96: Policy Snapshot, Romania, 2024
• Table 97: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Romania, 2021-2030
• Table 98: Percentage (%) of energy value from non-biological renewable fuels in the energy content of all fuels, Romania, 2024-2030
• Table 99: Percentage (%) of Hydrogen used in industry
• Table 100: Policy Snapshot, The Russian Federation, 2024
• Table 101: Renewable Power Capacity Addition Targets by Technology (MW), 2021-2024
• Table 102: Minimum Local Content Requirement (%), Russian Federation, 2014-2021
• Table 103: Minimum Local Content Requirement (%), Russian Federation, 2021-2024
• Table 104: Eigth Round of large-scale renewable energy auction, Russian Federation, 2021
• Table 105: Renewable Energy Auction, Russian Federation, 2013- 2021
• Table 106: Electricity Generation (GWh) outlook according to Draft ES-2035, Russian Federation
• Table 107: Policy Snapshot, Slovakia, 2024
• Table 108: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Slovakia, 2021-2030
• Table 109: Policy Snapshot, Spain, 2024
• Table 110: Main Objectives of the NECP, Spain, 2021-2030
• Table 111: Main Objectives of the old NECP (2021-2030) vs NECP (2023-2030), Spain
• Table 112: Targets under EU Hydrogen Strategy and Spain's Hydrogen Roadmap, 2020-2050
• Table 113: Renewable Energy Auctions, Spain, 2016-2022
• Table 114: Funds allocated by IDAE by technology (in EURM), Spain, 2021-2030
• Table 115: Policy Snapshot, Sweden, 2024
• Table 116: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Sweden
• Table 117: Renewable Energy Quota Obligation (MWh), Sweden, 2019-2045
• Table 118: Policy Snapshot, Switzerland, 2024
• Table 119: SWEET Call for Proposals- Overview
• Table 120: Policy Snapshot, Turkey, 2024
• Table 121: Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs, Turkey, 2023
• Table 122: YEKDEM and Local Additive Prices
• Table 123: Renewable Energy Auctions, Turkey, 2017-2022
• Table 124: Policy Snapshot, United Kingdom, 2024
• Table 125: Renewable Obligation, Technology Eligibility, UK
• Table 126: Renewable Obligation, Technology Eligibility, UK
• Table 127: Renewable Obligation (ROC/MWh), UK, 2009-2023
• Table 128: Renewable Energy, CfD First Allocation Round Results, UK, 2015
• Table 129: Renewable Energy, CfD Second Allocation Round Results, UK, 2017
• Table 130: Renewable Energy, CfD Third Allocation Round Results, UK, 2019
• Table 131: Renewable Energy, CfD Fourth Allocation Round Results, UK, 2022
• Table 132: Renewable Energy, CfD Fifth Allocation Round Results, UK, 2023
• Table 133: Renewable Energy, CfD Sixth Allocation Round Results, UK, 2024
• Table 134: Carbon Price Support (CPS) rates of Climate Change Levy (CCL) in Great Britain
• Table 135: Climate Change Levy (GBP/kWh or /kg), UK, 2022-2026
• Table 136: Suppliers Rates for Smart Export Guarantee (1st April 2024 - 31st March 2025)
• Table 137: Suppliers Rates for Smart Export Guarantee (1st April 2023 - 31st March 2024)
• Table 138: Smart Export Guarantee Tariff, UK, 2022
• Table 139: Abbreviations

List of Figure

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Renewable Auctions, Auctioned Capacity (MW) Vs. Awarded Capacity (MW), France, 2017-2024
• Figure 2: Renewable Auctions, Awarded Capacity (MW) by Technology, France, 2017-2024
• Figure 3: Ground Mounted Solar PV Auctions, Germany, 2018-2024
• Figure 4: Rooftop Solar PV Auctions, Germany, 2021-2025
• Figure 5: Onshore Wind Auctions, Germany, 2018-2025
• Figure 6: Biomass Auctions, Germany, 2018-2024
• Figure 7: Renewable Auctions, Category A, Auctioned Capacity Vs. Awarded Capacity, Italy, 2019-2023
• Figure 8: Renewable Auctions, Category A, Awarded Capacity by Technology, Italy, 2019-2024
• Figure 9: Power Market, Russia, Sum of Capacity Awarded (MW) and average price ($/kV), 2013 - 2021
• Figure 10: Renewable Auctions, Auctioned Capacity Vs. Awarded Capacity, Spain, 2016-2022
• Figure 11: Renewable Auctions, Solar PV and Onshore Wind, Spain, 2021-2022
• Figure 12: Renewable Auctions, Solar PV, Switzerland, 2023-2024