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Hydrogen

PUBLISHER: Global Industry Analysts, Inc. | PRODUCT CODE: 1786646

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PUBLISHER: Global Industry Analysts, Inc. | PRODUCT CODE: 1786646

Grey Hydrogen

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Table of Contents

Global Grey Hydrogen Market to Reach US$164.7 Billion by 2030

The global market for Grey Hydrogen estimated at US$148.0 Billion in the year 2024, is expected to reach US$164.7 Billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 1.8% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Natural Gas Source, one of the segments analyzed in the report, is expected to record a 1.5% CAGR and reach US$92.5 Billion by the end of the analysis period. Growth in the Coal Source segment is estimated at 2.1% CAGR over the analysis period.

The U.S. Market is Estimated at US$40.3 Billion While China is Forecast to Grow at 3.6% CAGR

The Grey Hydrogen market in the U.S. is estimated at US$40.3 Billion in the year 2024. China, the world's second largest economy, is forecast to reach a projected market size of US$30.7 Billion by the year 2030 trailing a CAGR of 3.6% over the analysis period 2024-2030. Among the other noteworthy geographic markets are Japan and Canada, each forecast to grow at a CAGR of 0.6% and 1.3% respectively over the analysis period. Within Europe, Germany is forecast to grow at approximately 0.9% CAGR.

Global Grey Hydrogen Market - Key Trends & Drivers Summarized

The grey hydrogen market remains a dominant segment in the global hydrogen industry, despite growing concerns about its environmental impact. Grey hydrogen, produced through steam methane reforming (SMR) of natural gas, is currently the most widely used form of hydrogen, accounting for the majority of global hydrogen production. Its cost-effectiveness and well-established infrastructure have made it a preferred choice for industries such as refining, ammonia production, and methanol synthesis. However, the significant carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions associated with its production-approximately 9-10 kg of CO2 per kilogram of hydrogen-have drawn increasing regulatory scrutiny.

A key trend in the grey hydrogen market is the growing pressure to transition toward low-carbon alternatives, such as blue and green hydrogen. Governments and industries worldwide are implementing carbon taxation policies, emissions reduction targets, and carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS) initiatives to mitigate the environmental footprint of hydrogen production. Despite this, grey hydrogen remains the most economically viable option in regions where natural gas is abundant and carbon regulations are less stringent. The continued investment in hydrogen infrastructure, including pipelines, storage facilities, and transportation networks, ensures that grey hydrogen remains a key player in the energy landscape, at least in the short to medium term.

How Is Grey Hydrogen Powering Key Industries?

The refining sector is the largest consumer of grey hydrogen, using it primarily for hydrocracking and desulfurization processes to produce cleaner fuels. As global fuel quality regulations tighten, particularly with the implementation of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) standards, demand for hydrogen in refineries continues to rise. However, many oil and gas companies are now exploring carbon capture solutions to decarbonize grey hydrogen production and transition toward blue hydrogen.

The chemical industry also relies heavily on grey hydrogen for ammonia and methanol production. Ammonia, a critical component in fertilizers, is produced using the Haber-Bosch process, which depends on hydrogen feedstock. Similarly, methanol production, widely used in industrial solvents and fuel blending, remains a key application for grey hydrogen. In addition, the steel sector, which has historically depended on coal-based processes, is beginning to integrate grey hydrogen for direct reduction of iron (DRI) as an intermediate step before transitioning to green steel solutions.

What Are the Latest Innovations & Efficiency Improvements in Grey Hydrogen?

While grey hydrogen is inherently carbon-intensive, several technological advancements are improving its efficiency and environmental footprint. The integration of carbon capture and storage (CCS) in grey hydrogen plants is a growing trend, creating a bridge toward blue hydrogen. Advanced CCS technologies, such as chemical looping and direct air capture, are being tested to reduce emissions while maintaining cost efficiency.

Another key innovation is process optimization in steam methane reforming (SMR). New catalyst technologies and heat integration systems are enhancing the efficiency of hydrogen production, reducing energy consumption, and lowering operational costs. Additionally, hybrid approaches-combining grey hydrogen production with renewable energy integration-are being explored to decrease reliance on fossil fuels. While these advancements do not eliminate emissions, they make grey hydrogen a more viable option in transitional energy markets.

What Is Driving the Growth of the Grey Hydrogen Market?

The growth in the grey hydrogen market is driven by several factors, including its cost advantage, well-established infrastructure, and the continued reliance of industries on hydrogen as a feedstock. Despite increasing pressure to decarbonize, grey hydrogen remains the most economical option for industries such as refining, chemicals, and steelmaking. The availability of cheap natural gas, particularly in regions like the U.S., Russia, and the Middle East, ensures that grey hydrogen remains competitive in the short term.

Another key growth driver is the gradual shift toward blue hydrogen. Many existing grey hydrogen producers are investing in carbon capture and utilization (CCU) technologies to upgrade their facilities, reducing emissions while maintaining cost efficiency. Furthermore, hydrogen demand in emerging applications, such as hydrogen-based power generation and industrial heating, is sustaining market demand. While the long-term trajectory favors green hydrogen, grey hydrogen will continue to play a crucial role in the energy transition, bridging the gap between traditional fossil-based hydrogen and sustainable alternatives.

SCOPE OF STUDY:

The report analyzes the Grey Hydrogen market in terms of units by the following Segments, and Geographic Regions/Countries:

Segments:

Source (Natural Gas Source, Coal Source, Other Sources); Application (Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application, Other Applications)

Geographic Regions/Countries:

World; United States; Canada; Japan; China; Europe (France; Germany; Italy; United Kingdom; Spain; Russia; and Rest of Europe); Asia-Pacific (Australia; India; South Korea; and Rest of Asia-Pacific); Latin America (Argentina; Brazil; Mexico; and Rest of Latin America); Middle East (Iran; Israel; Saudi Arabia; United Arab Emirates; and Rest of Middle East); and Africa.

Select Competitors (Total 34 Featured) -

  • Air Liquide
  • Air Products and Chemicals, Inc.
  • BASF SE
  • BP plc
  • Dow Inc.
  • GE Power (a division of General Electric Company)
  • Hexagon Composites ASA
  • Iwatani Corporation
  • Linde plc
  • Messer Group GmbH
  • Nel ASA
  • Plug Power Inc.
  • Praxair Technology, Inc. (now part of Linde plc)
  • Shell plc
  • Showa Denko K.K.
  • Siemens Energy
  • Sinopec
  • Taiyo Nippon Sanso Corporation
  • Technip Energies
  • Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation

AI INTEGRATIONS

We're transforming market and competitive intelligence with validated expert content and AI tools.

Instead of following the general norm of querying LLMs and Industry-specific SLMs, we built repositories of content curated from domain experts worldwide including video transcripts, blogs, search engines research, and massive amounts of enterprise, product/service, and market data.

TARIFF IMPACT FACTOR

Our new release incorporates impact of tariffs on geographical markets as we predict a shift in competitiveness of companies based on HQ country, manufacturing base, exports and imports (finished goods and OEM). This intricate and multifaceted market reality will impact competitors by increasing the Cost of Goods Sold (COGS), reducing profitability, reconfiguring supply chains, amongst other micro and macro market dynamics.

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Product Code: MCP31229

TABLE OF CONTENTS

I. METHODOLOGY

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

  • 1. MARKET OVERVIEW
    • Influencer Market Insights
    • Tariff Impact on Global Supply Chain Patterns
    • Grey Hydrogen - Global Key Competitors Percentage Market Share in 2025 (E)
    • Competitive Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial for Players Worldwide in 2025 (E)
  • 2. FOCUS ON SELECT PLAYERS
  • 3. MARKET TRENDS & DRIVERS
    • Established Infrastructure and Low Cost of Production Sustain Demand for Grey Hydrogen
    • Industrial Demand from Refining and Ammonia Sectors Drives Near-Term Grey Hydrogen Consumption
    • Lack of Carbon Pricing in Key Markets Strengthens Short-Term Business Case for Grey Hydrogen
    • Slow Pace of Blue and Green Hydrogen Scale-Up Sustains Reliance on Grey Hydrogen
    • Retrofitting Potential of Existing Hydrogen Plants Throws the Spotlight on CCS Integration Opportunities
    • Hydrogen Blending in Gas Grids Provides Transitional Market for Grey Hydrogen
    • Regional Gas Abundance and Favorable Economics Support Continued Grey Hydrogen Use
    • Rising Global Hydrogen Demand in Mobility and Energy Sectors Keeps Grey Supply Relevant
    • Low Capital Cost of SMR Plants Enhances Deployment in Emerging Industrial Markets
    • Government Transition Plans Recognize Grey Hydrogen as Interim Solution Until Cleaner Alternatives Scale
    • Carbon Offset Purchases by Industrial Users Delay Switch to Blue or Green Alternatives
    • Tech Innovation in Methane Pyrolysis Creates Hybrid Pathways from Grey to Cleaner Hydrogen
    • Emissions Accounting Discrepancies Allow Grey Hydrogen Use in Loosely Regulated Industries
    • Demand for Ammonia and Methanol Feedstocks Continues to Anchor Grey Hydrogen Value Chains
  • 4. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE
    • TABLE 1: World Grey Hydrogen Market Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2030
    • TABLE 2: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 3: World Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 4: World 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 5: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Natural Gas Source by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 6: World Historic Review for Natural Gas Source by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 7: World 15-Year Perspective for Natural Gas Source by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 8: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Coal Source by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 9: World Historic Review for Coal Source by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 10: World 15-Year Perspective for Coal Source by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 11: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Sources by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 12: World Historic Review for Other Sources by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 13: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Sources by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 14: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Petroleum Refinery Application by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 15: World Historic Review for Petroleum Refinery Application by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 16: World 15-Year Perspective for Petroleum Refinery Application by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 17: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Chemical Application by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 18: World Historic Review for Chemical Application by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 19: World 15-Year Perspective for Chemical Application by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 20: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 21: World Historic Review for Other Applications by Geographic Region - USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 22: World 15-Year Perspective for Other Applications by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for USA, Canada, Japan, China, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

III. MARKET ANALYSIS

  • UNITED STATES
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United States for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 23: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 24: USA Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 25: USA 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 26: USA Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 27: USA Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 28: USA 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CANADA
    • TABLE 29: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 30: Canada Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 31: Canada 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 32: Canada Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 33: Canada Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 34: Canada 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • JAPAN
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Japan for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 35: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 36: Japan Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 37: Japan 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 38: Japan Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 39: Japan Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 40: Japan 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • CHINA
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in China for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 41: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 42: China Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 43: China 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 44: China Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 45: China Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 46: China 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • EUROPE
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Europe for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 47: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 48: Europe Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 49: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 50: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 51: Europe Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 52: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 53: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 54: Europe Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 55: Europe 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • FRANCE
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in France for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 56: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 57: France Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 58: France 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 59: France Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 60: France Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 61: France 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • GERMANY
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Germany for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 62: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 63: Germany Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 64: Germany 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 65: Germany Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 66: Germany Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 67: Germany 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ITALY
    • TABLE 68: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 69: Italy Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 70: Italy 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 71: Italy Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 72: Italy Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 73: Italy 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED KINGDOM
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in the United Kingdom for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 74: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 75: UK Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 76: UK 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 77: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 78: UK Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 79: UK 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SPAIN
    • TABLE 80: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 81: Spain Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 82: Spain 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 83: Spain Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 84: Spain Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 85: Spain 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • RUSSIA
    • TABLE 86: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 87: Russia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 88: Russia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 89: Russia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 90: Russia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 91: Russia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF EUROPE
    • TABLE 92: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 93: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 94: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 95: Rest of Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 96: Rest of Europe Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 97: Rest of Europe 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ASIA-PACIFIC
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Asia-Pacific for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 98: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 99: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 100: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Australia, India, South Korea and Rest of Asia-Pacific Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 101: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 102: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 103: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 104: Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 105: Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 106: Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AUSTRALIA
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Australia for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 107: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 108: Australia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 109: Australia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 110: Australia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 111: Australia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 112: Australia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • INDIA
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in India for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 113: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 114: India Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 115: India 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 116: India Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 117: India Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 118: India 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SOUTH KOREA
    • TABLE 119: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 120: South Korea Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 121: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 122: South Korea Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 123: South Korea Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 124: South Korea 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF ASIA-PACIFIC
    • TABLE 125: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 126: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 127: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 128: Rest of Asia-Pacific Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 129: Rest of Asia-Pacific Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 130: Rest of Asia-Pacific 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • LATIN AMERICA
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Latin America for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 131: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 132: Latin America Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 133: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Argentina, Brazil, Mexico and Rest of Latin America Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 134: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 135: Latin America Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 136: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 137: Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 138: Latin America Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 139: Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ARGENTINA
    • TABLE 140: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 141: Argentina Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 142: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 143: Argentina Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 144: Argentina Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 145: Argentina 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • BRAZIL
    • TABLE 146: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 147: Brazil Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 148: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 149: Brazil Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 150: Brazil Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 151: Brazil 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MEXICO
    • TABLE 152: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 153: Mexico Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 154: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 155: Mexico Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 156: Mexico Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 157: Mexico 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF LATIN AMERICA
    • TABLE 158: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 159: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 160: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 161: Rest of Latin America Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 162: Rest of Latin America Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 163: Rest of Latin America 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • MIDDLE EAST
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Middle East for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 164: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 165: Middle East Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 166: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Geographic Region - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Iran, Israel, Saudi Arabia, UAE and Rest of Middle East Markets for Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 167: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 168: Middle East Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 169: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 170: Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 171: Middle East Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 172: Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • IRAN
    • TABLE 173: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 174: Iran Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 175: Iran 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 176: Iran Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 177: Iran Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 178: Iran 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • ISRAEL
    • TABLE 179: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 180: Israel Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 181: Israel 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 182: Israel Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 183: Israel Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 184: Israel 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • SAUDI ARABIA
    • TABLE 185: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 186: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 187: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 188: Saudi Arabia Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 189: Saudi Arabia Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 190: Saudi Arabia 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
    • TABLE 191: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 192: UAE Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 193: UAE 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 194: UAE Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 195: UAE Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 196: UAE 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • REST OF MIDDLE EAST
    • TABLE 197: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 198: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 199: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 200: Rest of Middle East Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 201: Rest of Middle East Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 202: Rest of Middle East 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
  • AFRICA
    • Grey Hydrogen Market Presence - Strong/Active/Niche/Trivial - Key Competitors in Africa for 2025 (E)
    • TABLE 203: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 204: Africa Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 205: Africa 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Source - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Natural Gas Source, Coal Source and Other Sources for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030
    • TABLE 206: Africa Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for the Years 2024 through 2030 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 207: Africa Historic Review for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications Markets - Independent Analysis of Annual Sales in US$ Million for Years 2015 through 2023 and % CAGR
    • TABLE 208: Africa 15-Year Perspective for Grey Hydrogen by Application - Percentage Breakdown of Value Sales for Petroleum Refinery Application, Chemical Application and Other Applications for the Years 2015, 2025 & 2030

IV. COMPETITION

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