Research on Zonal Architecture: Smart Actuators (Micro-motors) and Application Trends in Sub-scenarios, 2026

Description

Smart Actuator and Micro-motor Research: Under Zonal Architecture, Actuators Are Developing towards Edge Computing, 48V, and Brushless Motors.

The core components of automotive zonal architecture mainly include: a central computing unit, zone controllers, edge nodes (sensors and actuators), high-speed communication networks, and power distribution modules, as well as software and network management systems.

Differing from the traditional split architecture of micro-motor + gearbox + ECU, a smart actuator integrates microprocessor, communication interface, drive circuit, and position feedback sensor directly with the motor actuator, becoming a "smart terminal" with local computing, status monitoring, fault diagnosis, communication interaction, action execution, and millisecond-level response capabilities. It can greatly reduce the number of cable connections between traditional ECUs and motor actuators, achieving intelligent and precise control of various vehicle functions. In terms of hardware composition, smart actuators integrate edge perception, local computing, communication, and drive.

Edge Perception: Automotive actuators themselves usually do not require sensors to directly drive their basic functions. However, in the overall vehicle control system, actuators and sensors work closely together, serving as the core of realizing the "closed-loop control" of automotive electronics. Through "sensor feedback + actuator adjustment", sensors convert physical quantities into electrical signals and feed them back to the ECU. The ECU dynamically adjusts control commands to the actuator by comparing the "target value" and "actual value", enabling closed-loop control.

Edge Computing: In the evolution of the automotive EE architecture from the traditional distributed, domain-centralized to "central computing + zonal control" architecture, local computing of actuators has become a key technology development direction. There are two main technology paths for local computing of actuators: remote-controlled edge nodes (actuator does not contain MCU) and smart edge nodes (motor control algorithm is deployed to the actuator side).

Remote-controlled Edge Nodes: Through the remote control protocol (RCP), the control logic of edge nodes (lights, doors and windows, sensors, etc.) is migrated from the local MCU to the central computing platform or zone controllers. This allows edge nodes to only retain basic I/O drive functions and become remotely accessible peripherals.

Smart Edge Nodes: These nodes further offload some computing tasks from the ZCU to the actuator closer to physical actions. A lightweight MCU or dedicated processing unit is retained at the edge node, and the actuator module includes an MCU, drive circuit, sensor interface, etc. Such a smart actuator has certain local data processing, decision, and control capabilities, and can independently complete real-time closed-loop control (e.g., motor PWM control, current monitoring, anti-pinch algorithm execution), without completely relying on instructions from the central or zone controller. Deploying motor control algorithms to edge-side actuators offers advantages such as faster real-time response, sharing computing power from the central computing platform/zone controller, and functional safety isolation.

Highly Integrated Motor Drive SoC: The local computing capability of smart actuators depends on the advancements of underlying chip technology, and requires highly integrated dedicated drive and control chips to provide the power and control foundation for local computing of actuators. Fully integrated embedded motor drive SoC products integrate MCU, power management, CAN/LIN communication interfaces, gate drive, operational amplifier, and other functions into a single chip. They can complete the full process of motor control, communication, and protection of smart actuators without additional peripheral chips. Highly integrated motor drive SoCs are mainly used for controlling various actuators, thermal management pumps, fans, etc., providing underlying technical support for the mechatronic evolution of intelligent electric vehicles.

Edge Communication: For each edge node under a domain controller, due to different application functions, some non-real-time applications have low requirements for data transmission. Considering application needs and costs, traditional bus communication technologies such as CAN/CAN FD/FlexRay will still serve most low-speed communication networks in automobiles. However, under the zonal architecture, the competition in 10M transmission rate applications will be fierce, mainly between 10Base-T1s and CAN-XL.

Edge Micro-motors: Micro-motors are widely used in vehicle body, intelligent cockpit, chassis, thermal management, and other fields. Examples include window regulators, seat adjustment motors, seat ventilation and massage systems, electric door drives, vehicle display screen adjustment structures, automatic windshield wipers, electronic pumps, electronic valves, electric air outlets, and other automotive end adjustment mechanisms. These enable precise control of various vehicle parameters. With the development of new energy vehicle intelligence, the demand for micro-motors will continue to grow due to more new functions and better comfort. Micro-motors are gradually developing towards 48V motors, brushless motors, and mechatronics.

Zonal Control Architecture Spawns the Application of Smart Actuators.

The development of zonal control architecture will further facilitate the application of smart actuators. In the zonal control stage, ZCU serves as the power distribution center, communication gateway, and I/O control center in the zone. It has a central computer at the upper level and multiple actuators at the lower level. If the underlying drive control of all actuators (e.g., micro-step control of stepping motors, commutation logic of brushless motors, and position closed-loop feedback) is completed by the ZCU, it will consume a lot of real-time computing power and increase the software complexity and code size of the ZCU. In terms of simplifying wiring harnesses, since the ZCU still needs to directly drive a large number of motors, the wiring harness problem is only transferred from the center to the zone and not fundamentally solved. This is uneconomical for the zonal control architecture that pursues high efficiency and simplicity, and also violates its original intention of "simplifying software management".

Therefore, the new architecture requires offloading a large number of simple execution control functions to the "endpoints" close to the actuators. Edge nodes are required to have basic communication functions and certain local computing capabilities to realize single sensor signal processing or execution actions. This spawns the demand for actuators with higher integration and local intelligence to simplify wiring harnesses, reduce costs, and improve system reliability. Smart actuators will become a perfect supplement to ZCU in the zonal control architecture. In addition, as the iteration of automotive functions accelerates, under zonal control architecture, new functions only need to add smart actuators in the corresponding zone and connect them to the existing network, without needing to modify the hardware architecture, or rewire extensively, enhancing system flexibility and scalability.

Smart actuators are widely used in body, chassis, thermal management, powertrain, and other domains, involving electronic air outlets, electronic water valves/expansion valves, hidden door handles, electric charging port covers, smart seat adjustment, AGS active air intake grilles, vehicle rotating/lifting display screens, adaptive front-lighting systems (AFS), electric power steering, brake actuators, and active suspension.

In the case of Nidec's EPS PP integrated product, this product integrates ECU controller and EPS motor, which can replace split motor control and provide auxiliary output for the vehicle steering system.

Bumpy Roads: Nidec's EPS PP will perform torque compensation by identifying the torque fed back to the sensor from the road surface, making driving stable and direction control easier.

High-speed Roads: Nidec's EPS PP will collect vehicle speed signal information and provide smaller steering torque at high speeds, making the direction more stable.

Parking or Driving on Low-speed Roads: After Nidec's EPS PP obtains low-speed vehicle speed signal information, it will provide larger steering torque, making the steering smoother and facilitating parking or U-turns.

Under 48V Low-voltage Power Supply Architecture, High-power Actuators Tend to First Upgrade to 48V Motors.

The conversion from a 12V to a 48V automotive system has a significant impact on actuators. Traditional 12V motors, relays, and other components cannot be directly used in a 48V environment and need to be redesigned in terms of insulation level and voltage resistance. In addition, the number of turns of 48V motors also needs to be adjusted. From the perspective of industry chain maturity, the maturity of actuator and load products like 48V motors is relatively low, and the matching with PMIC needs to be optimized.

The upgrade from the 12V to the 48V power distribution architecture is mainly divided into two stages: the first stage is the coexistence of 12V and 48V electrical networks, and the second stage is the full 48V electrical network. At present, it is in the stage where 12V and 48V electrical networks coexist, and 12V/48V loads are mixed in the controller area.

Currently, not all actuators need to be upgraded to 48V, mainly based on power size and cost-benefit analysis. Only when the load power is at least 50W can 48V show obvious advantages. Below 50W, the advantages of the 48V architecture are not obvious. Therefore, in the upgrade to 48V motors, high-power loads with high power consumption are affected first. With the gradual reduction of costs and the improvement of system efficiency, the application proportion of 48V motors will continue to expand.

First Upgrade High-power Loads: High-power loads (usually referring to 50W or 4A and above) are the priority for upgrading because they can significantly reduce wire diameter, lessen weight, and improve efficiency. For example, cooling fans are generally 350W, blowers are about 250W, and water pumps are 120W. There are also steering motors, active suspension motors, brake motors, electric compressors, etc. Many of these motors have very high power and are very necessary to switch to the 48V system.

Medium-power 12V Loads Gradually Convert to 48V: For medium-power loads such as seat motors, wiper motors, and lighting systems, the 48V system can improve motor power output, thereby enhancing a vehicle's driving stability and safety in severe weather. In addition, it can more effectively manage power demand and reduce system complexity.

Some Low-power Loads May Maintain 12V: For some low-power loads, generally a few watts, the benefits of reducing wiring harness costs and improving efficiency by converting to 48V are not obvious. On the contrary, it increases a lot of costs, and the cycle of reliability test verification such as salt spray, EMI, static electricity is greatly increased. Therefore, some low-power loads maintain 12V unchanged and are driven through internal voltage conversion, which is simpler.

Taking Johnson Electric's 48V electric fan as an example, the cooling fan assembly module can meet the requirements for air volume, power, efficiency, weight, noise and vibration, carbon dioxide emission, etc., with the design of single-motor/dual-motor cooling fan assembly module, forward-curved/backward-curved blade design, brushed/brushless motor solution, etc.

Brushless Motor Platform: Full power coverage of 100W-1500W, 12V and 48V; long service life, high efficiency, reliability; lightweight; with/without PCBA.

Brushed Motor Platform: Power coverage of 80W-500W; long service life and reliability; optimal balance of weight, packaging, cost, and efficiency; stall protection.

In the case of Marelli's fully active suspension electromechanical actuator solution, the physical hardware of the solution consists of four electromechanical actuators. Each actuator is composed of a 48V brushless motor and a high-speed ratio reduction gear, connected to the suspension arm, and can actively move the suspension. The motor is controlled by a dedicated inverter which receives stroke targets from the central unit hosting the vehicle dynamics software.

The system is powered by a 48V circuit integrated into the vehicle power grid and ensures correct energy flow. The central electronic control unit controls each actuator via electronic hardware and dedicated software. The software monitors various signals, such as acceleration, suspension stroke, steering angle, main propulsion device parameters, brake pedal, and torque demand, and predicts the action that each actuator must apply to the suspension arm to set the appropriate reaction force. The drive unit integrated in the actuator receives the force demand from the central ECU and uses embedded algorithms to calculate parameters (target current) to drive the actuator's motor.

Brushless DC Motors Gradually Replace Brushed Motors and Become the First Choice for Automotive Motors in High-performance Vehicle Models.

Brushless DC motor (BLDC) is a DC motor that uses electronic commutation and applies an electronic controller to replace traditional DC motors with carbon brushes. Because there are no brushes in the brushless DC motor itself, its service life is much longer than that of brushed DC motors. Moreover, without the friction resistance of brushes, it offers higher conversion efficiency and low noise advantages. In addition, brushless motors can cooperate with encoders to achieve more precise control of speed and position loop. Brushless DC motors (BLDC) have become the first choice for automotive motors thanks to their high efficiency, long service life, and low noise characteristics. The addition of intelligent control algorithms makes motor operation more precise and smoother.

However, the internal structure of brushless DC motors is relatively complex, and the drive circuit and algorithm are correspondingly more complex, so their cost is higher than that of brushed DC motors. At present, they are mainly used in mid-to-high-end vehicle models with high requirements for cabin comfort, chassis, and thermal management performance.

From the perspective of suppliers laying out automotive brushless motors, mainstream Chinese and foreign motor suppliers have relatively complete product layouts of brushless DC motors, covering applications from body domain and chassis domain to thermal management domain, such as EPS, SBW, EMB, air suspension, electronic water pumps, electronic oil pumps, electric fans, windshield wipers, and seats.

For example, the BL3040 inner rotor brushless DC motor launched by Topband Motor is specially designed for the screen rotation system of new energy vehicles. In addition to vehicle ceiling screens, it can also be used for center console deflection screens, center console lifting screens, and other applications. This series of motors features energy conversion rate up to 75%, low cogging torque and large torque output, low noise, and vibration.

For example, Brose's electric long seat slide also adopts a self-developed brushless motor. Compared with ordinary motors, the brushless motor ensures the stability of seat operation through motor control, bringing more sensitive precision. It can effectively eliminate the noise generated by the contact between the brush and the rotor when traditional motors are running. It brings soft start-stop, anti-pinch, easy entry and other application functions for seat adjustment.

Product Code: XX017

1 Overview and Development Trends of Smart Actuators

1.1 Definition of Smart Actuators
Smart Actuators: Definition
Development Background 1 of Automotive Smart Actuators
Development Background 2 of Automotive Smart Actuators
Application Scenarios of Automotive Smart Actuators

1.1.1 Edge-side Execution - Micro-motors
Automotive Micro-motors: Application Fields
Application Sub-scenario 1 of Automotive Micro-motors
Application Sub-scenario 2 of Automotive Micro-motors
Application Sub-scenario 3 of Automotive Micro-motors
Application Sub-scenario 4 of Automotive Micro-motors

1.1.1.1 Edge-side Execution - Micro-motors: 48V Motors
New Component Opportunities Brought by 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network Architecture
Summary of Component Upgrades for 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network Architecture
Development Process and Trends of Components for 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network Architecture
Impacts of 48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network Architecture on Actuator/Motor Performance
48V Low-voltage Power Distribution Network Architecture: Which Actuators Face 48V Upgrade?
Sub-applications of Automotive 48V Motors - Body Domain
Sub-applications of Automotive 48V Motors - Chassis Domain
Sub-applications of Automotive 48V Motors - Thermal Management Domain
Motor Type Selection for Automotive 48V Motors
Challenges of 48V Conversion for Brushed Motors
Automotive 48V Motors/Actuators: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Automotive 48V Motor/Actuator Product Solutions (1)
Automotive 48V Motor/Actuator Product Solutions (1)
1.1.1.2 Edge-side Execution - Micro-motors: Brushless Motors
Brushless DC Motors: Driving Principle
Application Advantages of Brushless Motors
Applications of Brushless Motors in Automobiles
Application 1 of Automotive Brushless Motors
Application 2 of Automotive Brushless Motors
Automotive Brushless Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Brushless Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (6)
Automotive Brushless Motor Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Brushless Motor Product Solutions (9)
1.1.1.3 Edge-side Execution - Micro-motors: Mechatronic Actuators
Mechatronic Actuators
Automotive Mechatronic Actuators: Suppliers and Business Layout
Automotive Mechatronic Actuators: Summary of Products and Solutions
Automotive Mechatronic Actuator Solutions (1)
Automotive Mechatronic Actuator Solutions (6)
1.1.1.4 Edge-side Execution - Micro-motors: Market Size
Automotive Micro-motor Market: Single-vehicle Demand
Automotive Micro-motor Market: Estimation of Average Unit Price and Gross Profit
Automotive Micro-motor Market: China's Passenger Car Micro-motor Market Size, 2022~2030E

1.1.2 Edge-side Perception
Edge-side Perception: Applications of MEMS Sensors in Automobiles
Edge-side Perception: Classification and Summary of Sub-applications of Automotive-grade MEMS Sensors
Edge-side Perception: Applications of MEMS Sensors in Smart Actuators
1.1.3 Edge-side Computing
Edge Actuators: MCU Introduces Edge AI to Improve Decision Efficiency
Local Computing Technology Path 1 for Edge Actuators
Remote Control of Edge Nodes (1)
Remote Control of Edge Nodes (2)
Local Computing Technology Path 2 for Edge Actuators
Core Power for Local Computing of Smart Edge Actuators
1.1.4 Edge-side Communication
Edge-side Low-speed Application Communication Technologies (1)
Edge-side Low-speed Application Communication Technologies (2)
Edge-side 10Mbps Application Communication Technology: 10Base-T1S
10Mbps Communication Technology - 10BASE-T1S: Application Scenarios
10Mbps Communication Technology - 10BASE-T1S: Application Advantages
10Mbps Communication Technology - CAN XL

2 Intelligent Cockpit & Driving Domain - Smart Actuators

2.1 Intelligent Seats
Automotive Seating: Technology Development Path
Summary of Automotive Seating Technology Development Trends
Intelligent Seats: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Intelligent Seat System Control Strategy Scheme 1
Intelligent Seat System Control Strategy Scheme 2
Intelligent Seat Actuation Module 1
Intelligent Seat Actuation Module 8
Intelligent Seats: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Intelligent Seat Adjustment Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Intelligent Seat Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (1)
Intelligent Seat Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (5)
Intelligent Seats: Market Pattern
2.2 HUD
HUD: Technology Development Path
HUD: Summary of Technology Development Trends
AR-HUD: Structural Composition and Working Principle
AR-HUD Control Strategy Scheme 1
AR-HUD Control Strategy Scheme 2
AR-HUD Actuation Module 1
AR-HUD Actuation Module 2
AR-HUD: Summary of Micro Motor Types
AR-HUD Adjustment Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
AR-HUD Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (1)
AR-HUD Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (2)
HUD Market Pattern
HUD Market Size
2.3 Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheels
Steering Wheels: Technology Development Path
Steering Wheels: Summary of Technology Development Trends
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheels: Structural Composition
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheels: Working Principle
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Control Strategy Scheme 1:
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Control Strategy Scheme 2:
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Control Strategy Scheme 3:
Collapsible Steering Wheels: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Collapsible Steering Wheel Control Strategy Scheme: Control Logic
Collapsible Steering Wheel Control Strategy Scheme: Communication Architecture
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Actuation Module 1:
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Actuation Module 2:
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheel Actuation Module 3:
Electrically Adjustable Steering Wheels: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Electric Steering Wheel Adjustment Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Electric Steering Wheel Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (1):
Electric Steering Wheel Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (2):
Electric Steering Wheel Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (3):
2.4 Automotive Displays
Automotive Displays: Technology Development Path
Automotive Displays: Summary of Technology Development Trends
Automotive Displays: Vehicle Motion Display
Vehicle Motion Display Actuation Module 1
Vehicle Motion Display Actuation Module 5
Automotive Displays: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Automotive Display Adjustment Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Automotive Display Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Display Adjustment Motor Product Solutions (2)
2.5 LiDAR
Vehicle LiDAR: Technology Development Path
Summary of Vehicle LiDAR Technology Development Trends
Mechanical LiDAR: Structural Composition
Semi-solid-state LiDAR - Galvanometer Scanner: Structural Composition
Semi-solid-state LiDAR - Prism Scanner: Structural Composition
Semi-solid-state LiDAR - MEMS Scanner: Structural Composition
All-solid-state LiDAR - FLASH: Structural Composition
All-solid-state LiDAR - OPA: Structural Composition
Vehicle LiDAR Control Strategy Scheme 1
Vehicle LiDAR Control Strategy Scheme 2
Vehicle LiDAR: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Vehicle LiDAR Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Vehicle LiDAR Motor Product Solutions (1)
Vehicle LiDAR Motor Product Solutions (2)
Vehicle LiDAR Motor Product Solutions (3)

3 Body Electronics Domain - Smart Actuators

3.1 Intelligent Windshield Wipers
Windshield Wipers: Technology Development Path
Summary of Windshield Wiper Technology Development Trends
Electric Windshield Wipers: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Conventional Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Architecture
Future Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Architecture
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Control Strategy Scheme 1
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Control Strategy Scheme 2
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Control Strategy Scheme 3
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Control Strategy Scheme 4
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Actuation Module 1
Intelligent Windshield Wiper Actuation Module 2
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Motor Product Solutions (1)
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Motor Product Solutions (2)
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Motor Product Solutions (3)
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Evolution Trend 1
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Evolution Trend 2
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Evolution Trend 3
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System: Summary of Layout Automakers and Solutions
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System: Summary of Layout Suppliers and Solutions
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Application Solutions (1)
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System Application Solutions (2)
Intelligent Windshield Wiper System: Market Pattern and Summary of Suppliers
3.2 Intelligent Seatbelts
Seatbelts: Technology Development Path
Summary of Seatbelt Technology Development Trends
Active Pre-tensioning Seatbelts: Structural Composition and Function Implementation
Intelligent Seatbelts: Summary of Control Strategy Schemes
Intelligent Seatbelt Control Strategy Scheme
Intelligent Seatbelt Actuation Module
Intelligent Seatbelt Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Intelligent Seatbelt Motor Product Solutions (1)
Intelligent Seatbelt Motor Product Solutions (2)
Intelligent Seatbelt Motor Product Solutions (3)
Intelligent Seatbelt System: Summary of Layout Automakers and Solutions (1)
Intelligent Seatbelt System: Summary of Layout Automakers and Solutions (2)
Application Cases of Intelligent Seatbelt Systems
Innovative Solutions of Intelligent Seatbelt Systems (1)
Innovative Solutions of Intelligent Seatbelt Systems (2)
Intelligent Seatbelt System: Market Pattern
3.3 Intelligent Automotive Doors
Automotive Side Doors: Technology Development Path
Summary of Automotive Side Door Technology Development Trends
Intelligent Automotive Doors: Structural Composition
Electric Sliding Doors: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Automotive Door Control Strategy Scheme 1
Automotive Door Control Strategy Scheme 2
Automotive Door Control Strategy Scheme 3
Intelligent Automotive Door Actuation Module 1
Intelligent Automotive Door Actuation Module 2
Intelligent Automotive Door Actuation Module 3
Intelligent Automotive Door Actuation Module 4
Intelligent Automotive Door Actuation Module 5
Intelligent Automotive Doors: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Intelligent Automotive Door Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Intelligent Automotive Door Motor Product Solutions (1)
Intelligent Automotive Door Motor Product Solutions (4)
Intelligent Automotive Door Market - Electric Suction Doors
Intelligent Automotive Door Market - Automatic Doors
Intelligent Automotive Door Market - Hidden Electric Door Handles
Intelligent Automotive Door Market - Electric Sliding Doors
3.4 Electric Tailgates
Automotive Tailgates: Technology Development Path
Summary of Automotive Tailgate Technology Development Trends
Electric Tailgates: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Electric Tailgate Control Strategy Scheme 1
Electric Tailgate Control Strategy Scheme 2
Electric Tailgate Control Strategy Scheme 3
Electric Tailgate Actuation Module 1
Electric Tailgate Actuation Module 2
Electric Tailgates: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Electric Tailgate Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Electric Tailgate Motor Product Solutions (1)
Electric Tailgate Motor Product Solutions (2)
Electric Tailgates: Market Pattern and Summary of Suppliers
Electric Tailgate Market
3.5 Electronic Rearview Mirrors
Rearview Mirrors: Technology Development Path
Summary of Rearview Mirror Technology Development Trends
Electric Rearview Mirrors: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Electronic Rearview Mirrors: Hardware Composition
Camera Monitor System (CMS) Control Strategy Scheme 1
Camera Monitor System (CMS) Control Strategy Scheme 2
Camera Monitor System (CMS) Control Strategy Scheme 3
Electric Rearview Mirrors and CMS: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Electric Rearview Mirror and CMS Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Electric Rearview Mirror and CMS Motor Product Solutions
3.6 Intelligent Automotive Lighting
Automotive Headlights: Technology Development Path
Summary of Automotive Lighting Technology Development Trends
Intelligent Laser Headlights: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Intelligent Matrix Headlights: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Intelligent Pixel Headlights: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Intelligent Lighting Control Strategy Scheme 1
Intelligent Lighting Control Strategy Scheme 2
Intelligent Lighting System Actuation Module 1
Intelligent Lighting System Actuation Module 2
Intelligent Lighting System: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Intelligent Lighting System Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Intelligent Lighting System Motor Product Solutions (1)
Intelligent Lighting System Motor Product Solutions (2)
Intelligent Lighting System Motor Product Solutions (3)
3.7 Automotive Windows
Automotive Windows: Technology Development Path
Summary of Automotive Window Technology Development Trends
Automotive Window Anti-pinch Control Strategy Scheme 1
Automotive Window Anti-pinch Control Strategy Scheme 2
Automotive Window Anti-pinch Control Strategy Scheme 3
Automotive Window Actuation Module
Automotive Window Glass Motor Trend 1
Automotive Window Glass Motor Trend 2
Automotive Window Glass Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Automotive Window Glass Motor Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Window Glass Motor Product Solutions (2)
Automotive Window Glass Motor Product Solutions (3)
Automotive Window Glass Regulator - Cost Composition

4 Chassis-by-wire Domain - Smart Actuators

4.1 Steer-by-wire
Automotive Steering System: Technology Development Path (1)
Automotive Steering System: Technology Development Path (2)
Summary of Automotive Steering System Technology Development Trends (1)
Summary of Automotive Steering System Technology Development Trends (2)

4.1.1 Electric Power Steering (EPS)
Electric Power Steering (EPS): Structural Composition and Working Principle
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Control Strategy Scheme 1
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Control Strategy Scheme 2
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Actuation Module
Electric Power Steering (EPS): Summary of Micro Motor Types
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motor Trend 1
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motor Trend 2
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motors: EPS Motor Market Pattern
Electric Power Steering (EPS) Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
EPS Motor Innovative Solutions 1:
EPS Motor Innovative Solutions 2:
EPS Motor Innovative Solutions 3
4.1.2 Steer-by-wire (SBW)
Steer-by-wire (SBW): Structural Composition and Working Principle
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Control Strategy Scheme 1
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Control Strategy Scheme 2
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Actuation Module 1
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Actuation Module 2
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Actuation Module 2
Steer-by-wire (SBW): Summary of Micro Motor Types
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Motor Trend 1
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Motor Trend 2
Steer-by-wire (SBW) Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Innovative Solutions of Steer-by-wire (SBW) Motors (1)
Innovative Solutions of Steer-by-wire (SBW) Motors (2)

4.2 Brake-by-wire
Automotive Braking System: Technology Development Path (1)
Automotive Braking System: Technology Development Path (2)
Automotive Braking System: Technology Development Path (3)
Summary of Automotive Braking System Technology Development Trends

4.2.1 Electro-hydraulic Brake (EHB)
EHB: Structural Composition and Working Principle
EHB Control Strategy Scheme 1:
EHB Control Strategy Scheme 2:
EHB Actuation Module:
EHB Braking System: Summary of Micro Motor Types
EHB Braking System Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
EHB Braking System Motor Product Solutions (1)
EHB Braking System Motor Product Solutions (2)
Electro-hydraulic Brake (EHB): Market Players
4.2.2 Electro-mechanical Brake (EMB)
EMB Brake-by-wire System: Structural Composition and Working Principle
EMB Brake-by-wire System Architecture 1
EMB Brake-by-wire System Architecture 2
EMB Brake-by-wire System Architecture 3
EMB Brake-by-wire System Architecture 4
EMB Brake-by-wire System Control Strategy Scheme 1
EMB Brake-by-wire System Control Strategy Scheme 2
EMB Brake-by-wire System Actuation Module
EMB Brake-by-wire System: Summary of Micro Motor Types
EMB Motors: Motor Types and Structural Design
EMB Motors: Motor Arrangement
EMB Motors: Dual-motor Design
EMB Motors: Development Status
EMB Motor Trend 1:
EMB Motor Trend 2
EMB Motor Trend 3:
EMB Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Innovative Solutions of EMB Motors (1)
Innovative Solutions of EMB Motors (2)
Innovative Solutions of EMB Motors (3):
Innovative Solutions of EMB Motors (4):

4.3 Suspension-by-wire
Automotive Suspension System: Technology Development Path (1)
Automotive Suspension System: Technology Development Path (2)
Automotive Suspension System: Technology Development Path (3)
Summary of Automotive Suspension System Technology Development Trends (1)
Summary of Automotive Suspension System Technology Development Trends (2)

4.3.1 Semi-active Suspension
Semi-active Suspension - Air Suspension: Structural Composition
Semi-active Suspension - Air Suspension: Working Principle
Semi-active Suspension - CDC Damping System: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Semi-active Suspension (Air Suspension + CDC Solution): System Composition
Semi-active Suspension Control Strategy Scheme 1
Semi-active Suspension Control Strategy Scheme 2
Semi-active Suspension Control Strategy Scheme 3:
Semi-active Suspension Actuation Module 1:
Semi-active Suspension Actuation Module 2:
Semi-active Suspension Actuation Module 3:
Semi-active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 1:
Semi-active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 2:
Semi-active Suspension: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Semi-active Suspension Motor Product Solutions:
4.3.2 Fully Active Suspension
Fully Active Suspension: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Fully Active Suspension - Hydraulic Type: Structural Composition
Fully Active Suspension - Hydraulic Type: Working Principle
Fully Active Suspension - Motor-driven Type: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Fully Active Suspension Control Strategy Scheme:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module 1:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module 2:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 1:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 2:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 3:
Fully Active Suspension Actuation Module Technology Trend 4:
Innovative Solution 1 of Fully Active Suspension Actuation Modules:
Innovative Solution 5 of Fully Active Suspension Actuation Modules:
Fully Active Suspension: Summary of Micro Motor Types
Fully Active Suspension Motor Trend 1:
Fully Active Suspension Motor Trend 2:
Fully Active Suspension Motors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Innovative Solution 1 of Fully Active Suspension Motors:
Innovative Solution 2 of Fully Active Suspension Motors:
Innovative Solution 3 of Fully Active Suspension Motors:

5 Thermal Management Domain - Smart Actuators

5.1 Electric Water Pumps
Thermal Management - Water Pumps: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Water Pumps: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Water Pump Technology Development Trends (1)
Thermal Management - Summary of Water Pump Technology Development Trends (2)
Electric Water Pumps: Structural Composition
Electric Water Pumps: Working Principle
Electric Water Pump Evolution Trend 1:
Electric Water Pump Evolution Trend 2:
Electric Water Pump Market Pattern: Top 10 Suppliers in China's New Energy Passenger Car Electric Water Pump Market, 2025
Electric Water Pumps: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Electric Water Pump Product Solutions (1):
Electric Water Pump Product Solutions (2):
5.2 Electric Oil Pumps
Thermal Management - Oil Pumps: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Oil Pumps: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Oil Pump Technology Development Trends (1)
Thermal Management - Summary of Oil Pump Technology Development Trends (2)
Electric Oil Pumps: Structural Composition
Electric Oil Pumps: Working Principle
Electric Oil Pump Evolution Trend:
Electric Oil Pumps: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Electric Oil Pump Product Solutions (1):
Electric Oil Pump Product Solutions (2):
5.3 Electric Compressors
Thermal Management - Air Conditioning Compressors: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Air Conditioning Compressors: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Air Conditioning Compressor Technology Development Trends (1)
Thermal Management - Summary of Air Conditioning Compressor Technology Development Trends (2)
Electric Compressors: Structural Composition
Electric Compressors: Working Principle
Electric Compressor Evolution Trend 1:
Electric Compressor Evolution Trend 2:
Electric Compressor Market Pattern: Top 10 Suppliers in China's New Energy Passenger Car Electric Compressor Market, Jan-Oct 2025
Electric Compressors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (1)
Electric Compressors: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (2)
Innovative Solutions of Electric Compressors (1):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Compressors (2):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Compressors (3):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Compressors (4):
5.4 Electric Water Valves
Thermal Management - Water Valves: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Water Valves: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Water Valve Technology Development Trends
Electric Water Valves: Structural Composition and Working Principle
Electric Water Valve Control Strategy Scheme 1:
Electric Water Valve Control Strategy Scheme 2:
Electric Water Valve Actuators
Electric Water Valves: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions
Innovative Solutions of Electric Water Valves (1):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Water Valves (2):
5.5 Electric Expansion Valves
Thermal Management - Expansion Valves: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Expansion Valves: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Expansion Valve Technology Development Trends (1)
Thermal Management - Summary of Expansion Valve Technology Development Trends (2)
Electric Expansion Valves: Structural Composition
Electric Expansion Valves: Working Principle
Electric Expansion Valve Control Strategy Scheme 1:
Electric Expansion Valve Control Strategy Scheme 2:
Electric Expansion Valve Control Strategy Scheme 2:
Electric Expansion Valves: Communication Methods
Electric Expansion Valve Actuators
Electric Expansion Valve Evolution Trend 1:
Electric Expansion Valve Evolution Trend 2:
Electric Expansion Valves: Market Pattern
Electric Expansion Valves: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (1)
Electric Expansion Valves: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (2)
Innovative Solution 1 of Electric Expansion Valves:
Innovative Solution 2 of Electric Expansion Valves:
5.6 Electric Fans
Thermal Management - Cooling Fans: Technology Development Path (1)
Thermal Management - Cooling Fans: Technology Development Path (2)
Thermal Management - Summary of Cooling Fan Technology Development Trends
Electric Fans: Structural Principle
Electric Fan Control Strategy Scheme:
Electric Fan Evolution Trend 1:
Electric Fan Evolution Trend 2:
Electric Fans: Summary of Suppliers and Product Solutions (1)
Innovative Solutions of Electric Fans (1):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Fans (2):
Innovative Solutions of Electric Fans (3):

6 Chinese Automotive Micro Motor and Actuator Suppliers

6.1 Johnson Electric
Operation
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Customer Base of Automotive Motor Business
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Product Solutions (20)
6.2 Leili Motor
Operation
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.3 Zhaowei Machinery & Electronics
Operation
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (3)
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.4 Midea Welling
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Automotive Product Solutions (1)
6.5 Kinmore
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.6 Shenghuabo
Automotive Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.7 Chinadream Motor
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.8 Topband Motor
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Innovative Solutions of Automotive Motors (1):
6.9 Techtrue Electric
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
Automotive Product Solutions (5):
6.10 Ningbo Hengshuai
Operation
Automotive Business Layout
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
6.11 MIMZEN Motor
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Automotive Product Solutions:
Automotive Product Solutions:
6.12 Fenghui Motor
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Automotive Product Solutions:
Automotive Product Solutions:

7 Foreign Automotive Micro Motor and Actuator Suppliers

7.1 Denso
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Automotive Product Solutions (1):
7.2 Nidec
Operation
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Innovative Solutions of Automotive Motors (1):
Automotive Motor Products (1):
7.3 Brose
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Innovative Solutions of Automotive Motors:
Innovative Solutions of Automotive Motors:
Automotive Motor Products (1):
7.4 Mitsuba
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Automotive Motor Products (1):
7.5 Valeo
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Innovative Solutions of Automotive Motors:
Automotive Motor Products (1):
7.6 Bosch
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (1)
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions (2)
Automotive Motor Products (1):
7.7 LG
Automotive Motor Business Layout
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Automotive Motor Products:
Automotive Motor Products:
7.8 Marelli
Summary of Automotive Actuator/Micro Motor Product Solutions
Smart Actuator Solutions:
Smart Actuator Solutions:
Smart Actuator Solutions: