PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1499930
PUBLISHER: The Business Research Company | PRODUCT CODE: 1499930
Security Seals Global Market Report 2024
Security seals encompass physical devices or mechanisms designed to secure containers, packages, doors, or enclosures, thus preventing unauthorized access, tampering, theft, or contamination. Widely utilized across industries, these seals play a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and security of goods throughout storage, transit, and distribution processes.
The primary products within the security seals category are metal and plastic security seals. Metal security seals are renowned for their durability and tamper-evident features, making them suitable for securing various items such as containers, doors, and equipment. Available in fixed and adjustable configurations, these seals find application across multiple sectors including transport, logistics, packaging, e-commerce, retail, banking, healthcare, aerospace, defense, food and beverage, among others.
The security seals market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides security seals market statistics, including security seals industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a security seals market share, detailed security seals market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the security seals industry. This security seals market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.
The security seals market size has grown rapidly in recent years. It will grow from $0.75 billion in 2023 to $0.83 billion in 2024 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8%. The growth observed in the historic period can be attributed to several factors, including the rising incidents of theft and tampering, a heightened emphasis on brand protection and building customer trust, the drive towards enhancing logistical efficiency and inventory management practices, an increased focus on ensuring cargo security, and various government initiatives aimed at strengthening border security measures. These factors collectively contributed to the growth trajectory during this period within the security seals industry.
The security seals market size is expected to see rapid growth in the next few years. It will grow to $1.25 billion in 2028 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.9%. The forecasted growth is driven by escalating threats of terrorism and crime, emerging industry verticals, increased infrastructure investments, growing product safety awareness, and a shift towards sustainable packaging. Major trends include RFID/NFC adoption, tamper-evident enhancements, blockchain integration, e-commerce expansion, and IoT/analytics integration.
The security seals market is poised for growth, driven by the rapid expansion of transportation and logistics. Transportation and logistics encompass the planning, implementation, and control of goods, services, and information from origin to consumption points. This growth is spurred by factors like increased globalization of trade, the rapid rise of e-commerce, technological advancements, higher customer expectations, supply chain optimization efforts, and regulatory changes. Security seals play a crucial role in this sector, securing containers, trucks, trailers, and shipments to maintain goods' integrity during transit and provide evidence of tampering or unauthorized access. For example, in May 2023, the Bureau of Transportation Statistics projected a rise in shipment values across transportation modes, indicating a shift from $1,001 per ton in 2023 to $1,256 per ton by 2050 (adjusted for inflation), highlighting the market's growth driven by transportation and logistics expansion.
Leading companies in the security seal market are innovating with eco-friendly and biodegradable materials, incorporating advanced technologies like tamper-evident features to meet the increasing demand for sustainable and secure packaging solutions. Tamper-evident technology involves tools and techniques to detect and prevent unauthorized access, tampering, or manipulation of products, documents, or packages. For instance, in August 2021, Securikett introduced a paper-based security seal with tamper-evident technology, providing both security and environmental benefits. This solution protects cardboard packaging from tampering while supporting a circular economy, displaying a 'TAMPERED' message through its Wash VOID function upon any tampering attempt.
In April 2022, Madison Industries expanded its presence in the security seals market through the acquisition of TydenBrooks, a US-based safety and security seal manufacturer. This strategic move added new products, customers, and market channels to Madison Industries' portfolio of safety and flow solutions, strengthening its position in the industry and enhancing its ability to meet evolving market demands.
Major companies operating in the security seals market are W.W Grainger Inc., American Casting Manufacturing Corporation, Zebra Technologies, Universal Group, Tesa Assa Abloy, XPO Logistics, Brady Corporation, Transport Security, Tyden Brooks, Essentra plc, LINPAC Packaging, EuroSea, Unisto, Orbis Machinery, Label makers Group Information, Precintia Seguridad, Savi technology, Mega Fortris Group, Leghorn Group Srl, Versapak International Ltd., Hoefon Security, Cambridge Security Seals, Dickey Manufacturing, Acme Seals Limited, Shandong Tengxin Seal Co. Ltd.
North America was the largest region in the security seals market in 2023. Asia-Pacific is expected to be the fastest-growing region in the forecast period. The regions covered in the security seals market report are Asia-Pacific, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.
The countries covered in the security seals market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.
The security seals market consists of sales of products such as tamper-evident seals, barrier seals, electronic seals, cable seals, bolt seals, and padlock seals. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.
The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD, unless otherwise specified).
The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.
Security Seals Global Market Report 2024 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.
This report focuses on security seals market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.
Reasons to Purchase
- Gain a truly global perspective with the most comprehensive report available on this market covering 50+ geographies.
- Understand how the market has been affected by the COVID-19 and how it is responding as the impact of the virus abates.
- Assess the Russia - Ukraine war's impact on agriculture, energy and mineral commodity supply and its direct and indirect impact on the market.
- Measure the impact of high global inflation on market growth.
- Create regional and country strategies on the basis of local data and analysis.
- Identify growth segments for investment.
- Outperform competitors using forecast data and the drivers and trends shaping the market.
- Understand customers based on the latest market shares.
- Benchmark performance against key competitors.
- Suitable for supporting your internal and external presentations with reliable high quality data and analysis
- Report will be updated with the latest data and delivered to you within 3-5 working days of order along with an Excel data sheet for easy data extraction and analysis.
- All data from the report will also be delivered in an excel dashboard format.
Where is the largest and fastest growing market for security seals? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward? The security seals market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.
The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.
- The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market.
- The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
- The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include:
The impact of sanctions, supply chain disruptions, and altered demand for goods and services due to the Russian Ukraine war, impacting various macro-economic factors and parameters in the Eastern European region and its subsequent effect on global markets.
The impact of higher inflation in many countries and the resulting spike in interest rates.
The continued but declining impact of COVID-19 on supply chains and consumption patterns.
- Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
- The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth. It covers the growth trajectory of COVID-19 for all regions, key developed countries and major emerging markets.
- The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
- The trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it emerges from the crisis and suggests how companies can grow as the market recovers.
Scope
- Markets Covered:1) By Product: Metal; Plastic Security Seals
- 2) By Adjustment Type: Fixed Seals; Adjustable Seals
- 3) By End-User: Transport; Logistics; Packaging; E-Commerce And Retail; Bank; Medicine; Aerospace And National Defense; Food And Beverage; Other End-Users
- Companies Mentioned: W.W Grainger Inc.; American Casting Manufacturing Corporation; Zebra Technologies; Universal Group; Tesa Assa Abloy
- Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain
- Regions: Asia-Pacific; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
- Time series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
- Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
- Data segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
- Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
- Delivery format: PDF, Word and Excel Data Dashboard.
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Security Seals Market Characteristics
3. Security Seals Market Trends And Strategies
4. Security Seals Market - Macro Economic Scenario
- 4.1. Impact Of High Inflation On The Market
- 4.2. Ukraine-Russia War Impact On The Market
- 4.3. COVID-19 Impact On The Market
5. Global Security Seals Market Size and Growth
- 5.1. Global Security Seals Market Drivers and Restraints
- 5.1.1. Drivers Of The Market
- 5.1.2. Restraints Of The Market
- 5.2. Global Security Seals Historic Market Size and Growth, 2018 - 2023, Value ($ Billion)
- 5.3. Global Security Seals Forecast Market Size and Growth, 2023 - 2028, 2033F, Value ($ Billion)
6. Security Seals Market Segmentation
- 6.1. Global Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Metal
- Plastic Security Seals
- 6.2. Global Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Fixed Seals
- Adjustable Seals
- 6.3. Global Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- Transport
- Logistics
- Packaging
- E-Commerce And Retail
- Bank
- Medicine
- Aerospace And National Defense
- Food And Beverage
- Other End-Users
7. Security Seals Market Regional And Country Analysis
- 7.1. Global Security Seals Market, Split By Region, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 7.2. Global Security Seals Market, Split By Country, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
8. Asia-Pacific Security Seals Market
- 8.1. Asia-Pacific Security Seals Market Overview
- Region Information, Impact Of COVID-19, Market Information, Background Information, Government Initiatives, Regulations, Regulatory Bodies, Major Associations, Taxes Levied, Corporate Tax Structure, Investments, Major Companies
- 8.2. Asia-Pacific Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.3. Asia-Pacific Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 8.4. Asia-Pacific Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
9. China Security Seals Market
- 9.1. China Security Seals Market Overview
- 9.2. China Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.3. China Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
- 9.4. China Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F,$ Billion
10. India Security Seals Market
- 10.1. India Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.2. India Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 10.3. India Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
11. Japan Security Seals Market
- 11.1. Japan Security Seals Market Overview
- 11.2. Japan Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.3. Japan Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 11.4. Japan Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
12. Australia Security Seals Market
- 12.1. Australia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.2. Australia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 12.3. Australia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
13. Indonesia Security Seals Market
- 13.1. Indonesia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.2. Indonesia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 13.3. Indonesia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
14. South Korea Security Seals Market
- 14.1. South Korea Security Seals Market Overview
- 14.2. South Korea Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.3. South Korea Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 14.4. South Korea Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
15. Western Europe Security Seals Market
- 15.1. Western Europe Security Seals Market Overview
- 15.2. Western Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.3. Western Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 15.4. Western Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
16. UK Security Seals Market
- 16.1. UK Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.2. UK Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 16.3. UK Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
17. Germany Security Seals Market
- 17.1. Germany Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.2. Germany Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 17.3. Germany Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
18. France Security Seals Market
- 18.1. France Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.2. France Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 18.3. France Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
19. Italy Security Seals Market
- 19.1. Italy Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.2. Italy Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 19.3. Italy Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
20. Spain Security Seals Market
- 20.1. Spain Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.2. Spain Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 20.3. Spain Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
21. Eastern Europe Security Seals Market
- 21.1. Eastern Europe Security Seals Market Overview
- 21.2. Eastern Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.3. Eastern Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 21.4. Eastern Europe Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
22. Russia Security Seals Market
- 22.1. Russia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.2. Russia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 22.3. Russia Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
23. North America Security Seals Market
- 23.1. North America Security Seals Market Overview
- 23.2. North America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.3. North America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 23.4. North America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
24. USA Security Seals Market
- 24.1. USA Security Seals Market Overview
- 24.2. USA Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.3. USA Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 24.4. USA Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
25. Canada Security Seals Market
- 25.1. Canada Security Seals Market Overview
- 25.2. Canada Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.3. Canada Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 25.4. Canada Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
26. South America Security Seals Market
- 26.1. South America Security Seals Market Overview
- 26.2. South America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.3. South America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 26.4. South America Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
27. Brazil Security Seals Market
- 27.1. Brazil Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.2. Brazil Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 27.3. Brazil Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
28. Middle East Security Seals Market
- 28.1. Middle East Security Seals Market Overview
- 28.2. Middle East Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.3. Middle East Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 28.4. Middle East Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
29. Africa Security Seals Market
- 29.1. Africa Security Seals Market Overview
- 29.2. Africa Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Product, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.3. Africa Security Seals Market, Segmentation By Adjustment Type, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
- 29.4. Africa Security Seals Market, Segmentation By End-User, Historic and Forecast, 2018-2023, 2023-2028F, 2033F, $ Billion
30. Security Seals Market Competitive Landscape And Company Profiles
- 30.1. Security Seals Market Competitive Landscape
- 30.2. Security Seals Market Company Profiles
- 30.2.1. W.W Grainger Inc.
- 30.2.1.1. Overview
- 30.2.1.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.1.3. Strategy
- 30.2.1.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.2. American Casting Manufacturing Corporation
- 30.2.2.1. Overview
- 30.2.2.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.2.3. Strategy
- 30.2.2.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.3. Zebra Technologies
- 30.2.3.1. Overview
- 30.2.3.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.3.3. Strategy
- 30.2.3.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.4. Universal Group
- 30.2.4.1. Overview
- 30.2.4.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.4.3. Strategy
- 30.2.4.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.5. Tesa Assa Abloy
- 30.2.5.1. Overview
- 30.2.5.2. Products and Services
- 30.2.5.3. Strategy
- 30.2.5.4. Financial Performance
- 30.2.1. W.W Grainger Inc.
31. Security Seals Market Other Major And Innovative Companies
- 31.1. XPO Logistics
- 31.2. Brady Corporation
- 31.3. Transport Security
- 31.4. Tyden Brooks
- 31.5. Essentra plc
- 31.6. LINPAC Packaging
- 31.7. EuroSea
- 31.8. Unisto
- 31.9. Orbis Machinery
- 31.10. Label makers Group Information
- 31.11. Precintia Seguridad
- 31.12. Savi technology
- 31.13. Mega Fortris Group
- 31.14. Leghorn Group Srl
- 31.15. Versapak International Ltd.
32. Global Security Seals Market Competitive Benchmarking
33. Global Security Seals Market Competitive Dashboard
34. Key Mergers And Acquisitions In The Security Seals Market
35. Security Seals Market Future Outlook and Potential Analysis
- 35.1 Security Seals Market In 2028 - Countries Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.2 Security Seals Market In 2028 - Segments Offering Most New Opportunities
- 35.3 Security Seals Market In 2028 - Growth Strategies
- 35.3.1 Market Trend Based Strategies
- 35.3.2 Competitor Strategies
36. Appendix
- 36.1. Abbreviations
- 36.2. Currencies
- 36.3. Historic And Forecast Inflation Rates
- 36.4. Research Inquiries
- 36.5. The Business Research Company
- 36.6. Copyright And Disclaimer
