Edible Vaccine Global Market Report 2026

An edible vaccine is a type of vaccine developed in genetically modified plants or animals, designed to be delivered through consumption rather than injection. These vaccines stimulate an immune response when an edible plant or food, such as fruits or vegetables, is consumed. This concept aims to provide a cost-effective and easily accessible alternative to traditional vaccines, particularly in developing countries.

The primary types of edible vaccines include inactivated vaccines, subunit vaccines, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) vaccines, live attenuated vaccines, and others. Inactivated vaccines are made from viruses or bacteria that have been killed or inactivated so they cannot cause disease, yet still elicit an immune response, such as the polio and hepatitis A vaccines. Distribution channels for these vaccines encompass hospitals, veterinary clinics, retail pharmacies, and online pharmacies. Their applications span medical care, livestock, aquaculture, agriculture, and more. Edible vaccines are utilized by a diverse range of end users, including adults, pediatric populations, and animals.

Note that the outlook for this market is being affected by rapid changes in trade relations and tariffs globally. The report will be updated prior to delivery to reflect the latest status, including revised forecasts and quantified impact analysis. The report's Recommendations and Conclusions sections will be updated to give strategies for entities dealing with the fast-moving international environment.

Tariffs are impacting the edible vaccine market by increasing costs of imported laboratory equipment, genetic engineering tools, bioprocessing reagents, and cold-chain related technologies used in vaccine development. Research institutions and biotech firms in North America and Europe are most affected due to reliance on specialized imported inputs, while emerging markets face higher R&D costs. These tariffs are slowing research timelines and increasing development expenses. However, they are also encouraging domestic biotechnology manufacturing, regional research collaborations, and localized production of vaccine development tools.

The edible vaccine market research report is one of a series of new reports from The Business Research Company that provides edible vaccine market statistics, including edible vaccine industry global market size, regional shares, competitors with a edible vaccine market share, detailed edible vaccine market segments, market trends and opportunities, and any further data you may need to thrive in the edible vaccine industry. This edible vaccine market research report delivers a complete perspective of everything you need, with an in-depth analysis of the current and future scenario of the industry.

The edible vaccine market size has grown strongly in recent years. It will grow from $9.51 billion in 2025 to $10.35 billion in 2026 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.8%. The growth in the historic period can be attributed to progress in genetic engineering techniques, early research in transgenic plants for vaccines, expansion of public health immunization programs, increasing funding for alternative vaccine platforms, initial clinical validation studies.

The edible vaccine market size is expected to see strong growth in the next few years. It will grow to $14.54 billion in 2030 at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.9%. The growth in the forecast period can be attributed to increasing demand for needle-free vaccination solutions, rising investments in edible vaccine clinical trials, expansion of livestock immunization programs, growing focus on global vaccine accessibility, advancements in regulatory approval pathways. Major trends in the forecast period include advancements in plant-based vaccine expression systems, growing focus on oral vaccine delivery methods, expansion of low-cost vaccine production models, increasing research on heat-stable vaccines, rising collaboration between biotech and agricultural sectors.

The rising prevalence of infectious diseases is expected to drive the growth of the edible vaccine market going forward. Infectious diseases are illnesses caused by harmful microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that enter the body and multiply. The increasing incidence of these diseases is largely attributed to factors including globalization, climate change, urbanization, and growing antibiotic resistance, all of which contribute to the spread and emergence of new pathogens. Edible vaccines are used to address infectious diseases by triggering immune responses through the consumption of genetically modified foods that express antigens, providing a cost-effective and needle-free approach to immunization. For example, in March 2024, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a US-based public health agency, tuberculosis cases increased from 8,320 in 2022 to 9,615 in 2023, reflecting a rise of 1,295 cases. Additionally, the incidence rate per 100,000 people increased from 2.5 in 2022 to 2.9 in 2023. Therefore, the growing prevalence of infectious diseases is fueling the expansion of the edible vaccine market.

The increase in research and development funding is also expected to propel the growth of the edible vaccine market going forward. Research and development funding refers to financial investments dedicated to systematic research and experimental activities aimed at generating new knowledge and developing innovative technologies or products. Governments worldwide are increasing their investment in research and development as they recognize the importance of scientific innovation in tackling global health challenges and maintaining competitiveness in the biotechnology sector. Higher levels of research funding enable researchers and pharmaceutical companies to advance edible vaccine development, conduct clinical trials, and scale up production processes. For instance, in December 2024, according to the Office for National Statistics, a UK-based government agency, businesses in the UK spent $64.73 billion (£50.0 billion) on research and development in 2023, representing a 2.9% increase, or $1.83 billion (£1.4 billion), compared with 2022. Therefore, rising investment in research and development is contributing to the growth of the edible vaccine market.

Companies operating in the edible vaccine market are increasingly focused on developing innovative solutions, such as oral cholera vaccines, to address the global burden of cholera. Oral cholera vaccines are administered by mouth and are designed to prevent cholera, a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. For example, in August 2024, Bharat Biotech International Limited, an India-based biotechnology company, introduced Hillchol, an oral cholera vaccine with several distinctive features. This live-attenuated vaccine stimulates both systemic and mucosal immune responses, offering protection against cholera. Hillchol is notable for its ease of administration and its ability to be stored without refrigeration, making it particularly suitable for deployment in resource-limited regions. In addition, it provides long-lasting immunity with a single dose.

Major companies operating in the edible vaccine market are Medicago Inc., Vaxart Inc., Vaxiion Therapeutics Inc., Mymetics Corporation, Profectus BioSciences Inc., GreenLight Biosciences Inc., Akston Biosciences Corporation, Icon Genetics GmbH, iBio Inc., Kentucky BioProcessing Inc., Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Nomad Bioscience GmbH, Baiya Phytopharm Company Limited, Dow AgroSciences LLC, GenCure Biomanufacturing, Transgene SA, PlantForm Corporation, BioBetter Ltd., Moolec Science SA, Agrenvec SL

North America was the largest region in the edible vaccine market in 2025. The regions covered in the edible vaccine market report are Asia-Pacific, South East Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, North America, South America, Middle East, Africa.

The countries covered in the edible vaccine market report are Australia, Brazil, China, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Taiwan, Russia, South Korea, UK, USA, Canada, Italy, Spain.

The edible vaccine market consists of sales of plant-based edible vaccines, animal-based edible vaccines, algae-based edible vaccines, and yeast-based edible vaccines. Values in this market are 'factory gate' values, that is, the value of goods sold by the manufacturers or creators of the goods, whether to other entities (including downstream manufacturers, wholesalers, distributors, and retailers) or directly to end customers. The value of goods in this market includes related services sold by the creators of the goods.

The market value is defined as the revenues that enterprises gain from the sale of goods and/or services within the specified market and geography through sales, grants, or donations in terms of the currency (in USD unless otherwise specified).

The revenues for a specified geography are consumption values that are revenues generated by organizations in the specified geography within the market, irrespective of where they are produced. It does not include revenues from resales along the supply chain, either further along the supply chain or as part of other products.

Edible Vaccine Market Global Report 2026 from The Business Research Company provides strategists, marketers and senior management with the critical information they need to assess the market.

This report focuses edible vaccine market which is experiencing strong growth. The report gives a guide to the trends which will be shaping the market over the next ten years and beyond.

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Where is the largest and fastest growing market for edible vaccine ? How does the market relate to the overall economy, demography and other similar markets? What forces will shape the market going forward, including technological disruption, regulatory shifts, and changing consumer preferences? The edible vaccine market global report from the Business Research Company answers all these questions and many more.

The report covers market characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, total addressable market (TAM), market attractiveness score (MAS), competitive landscape, market shares, company scoring matrix, trends and strategies for this market. It traces the market's historic and forecast market growth by geography.

• The market characteristics section of the report defines and explains the market. This section also examines key products and services offered in the market, evaluates brand-level differentiation, compares product features, and highlights major innovation and product development trends.
• The supply chain analysis section provides an overview of the entire value chain, including key raw materials, resources, and supplier analysis. It also provides a list competitor at each level of the supply chain.
• The updated trends and strategies section analyses the shape of the market as it evolves and highlights emerging technology trends such as digital transformation, automation, sustainability initiatives, and AI-driven innovation. It suggests how companies can leverage these advancements to strengthen their market position and achieve competitive differentiation.
• The regulatory and investment landscape section provides an overview of the key regulatory frameworks, regularity bodies, associations, and government policies influencing the market. It also examines major investment flows, incentives, and funding trends shaping industry growth and innovation.
• The market size section gives the market size ($b) covering both the historic growth of the market, and forecasting its development.
• The forecasts are made after considering the major factors currently impacting the market. These include the technological advancements such as AI and automation, Russia-Ukraine war, trade tariffs (government-imposed import/export duties), elevated inflation and interest rates.
• The total addressable market (TAM) analysis section defines and estimates the market potential compares it with the current market size, and provides strategic insights and growth opportunities based on this evaluation.
• The market attractiveness scoring section evaluates the market based on a quantitative scoring framework that considers growth potential, competitive dynamics, strategic fit, and risk profile. It also provides interpretive insights and strategic implications for decision-makers.
• Market segmentations break down the market into sub markets.
• The regional and country breakdowns section gives an analysis of the market in each geography and the size of the market by geography and compares their historic and forecast growth.
• Expanded geographical coverage includes Taiwan and Southeast Asia, reflecting recent supply chain realignments and manufacturing shifts in the region. This section analyzes how these markets are becoming increasingly important hubs in the global value chain.
• The competitive landscape chapter gives a description of the competitive nature of the market, market shares, and a description of the leading companies. Key financial deals which have shaped the market in recent years are identified.
• The company scoring matrix section evaluates and ranks leading companies based on a multi-parameter framework that includes market share or revenues, product innovation, and brand recognition.

Scope

• Markets Covered:1) By Vaccine Type: Subunit Vaccines; Virus-Like Particle VLP Vaccines; Plant-Expressed Antigen Vaccines; Recombinant Protein Vaccines; Other Edible Vaccine Types
• 2) By Source: Fruits; Vegetables; Cereal Grains; Legumes; Other Edible Plants
• 3) By Route of Administration: Oral Fresh Plant Consumption; Oral Processed Edible Form Feed; Sublingual And Buccal Edible Extract-Based
• 4) By Distribution Model: Public Health And Immunization Programs; Veterinary And Animal Health Programs; Direct Farm-Level Administration; Research And Academic Institutions
• 5) By Application: Human Immunization; Veterinary Vaccines; Livestock; Poultry; Aquaculture Vaccines; Other Applications
• 6) By End User: Adults; Pediatrics; Animals
• Subsegments:
• 1) By Subunit Vaccines: Protein Subunit Vaccines; Polysaccharide Subunit Vaccines; Conjugated Subunit Vaccines
• 2) By Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Vaccines: Plant-Derived VLP Vaccines; Chimeric VLP Vaccines; Multi-Antigen VLP Vaccines
• 3) By Plant-Expressed Antigen Vaccines: Fruit-Based Edible Vaccines; Vegetable-Based Edible Vaccines; Grain-Based Edible Vaccines; Legume-Based Edible Vaccines
• 4) By Recombinant Protein Vaccines: Recombinant Bacterial Antigen Vaccines; Recombinant Viral Antigen Vaccines; Recombinant Parasitic Antigen Vaccines
• 5) By Other Edible Vaccine Types: Oral Mucosal Immunity-Targeted Vaccines; Multi-Epitope Edible Vaccines; Combination Edible Vaccines
• Companies Mentioned: Medicago Inc.; Vaxart Inc.; Vaxiion Therapeutics Inc.; Mymetics Corporation; Profectus BioSciences Inc.; GreenLight Biosciences Inc.; Akston Biosciences Corporation; Icon Genetics GmbH; iBio Inc.; Kentucky BioProcessing Inc.; Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology; Nomad Bioscience GmbH; Baiya Phytopharm Company Limited; Dow AgroSciences LLC; GenCure Biomanufacturing; Transgene SA; PlantForm Corporation; BioBetter Ltd.; Moolec Science SA; Agrenvec SL
• Countries: Australia; Brazil; China; France; Germany; India; Indonesia; Japan; Taiwan; Russia; South Korea; UK; USA; Canada; Italy; Spain.
• Regions: Asia-Pacific; South East Asia; Western Europe; Eastern Europe; North America; South America; Middle East; Africa
• Time Series: Five years historic and ten years forecast.
• Data: Ratios of market size and growth to related markets, GDP proportions, expenditure per capita,
• Data Segmentations: country and regional historic and forecast data, market share of competitors, market segments.
• Sourcing and Referencing: Data and analysis throughout the report is sourced using end notes.
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