The Global Advanced Nuclear Technologies Market 2026-2045

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• 1.1. Market Opportunity and Scale
  • 1.1.1. Small Modular Reactors: Near-Term Commercial Readiness
  • 1.1.2. Fusion Energy: Long-Term Transformative Potential
  • 1.1.3. Molten Salt Reactors, Microreactors, and Supporting Technologies
• 1.2. Industrial Application Requirements and Market Segmentation
  • 1.2.1. Technical Requirements Analysis by Sector
  • 1.2.2. SMR Technical Capability Matching
• 1.3. Market Access Scenarios and Deployment Pathways
  • 1.3.1. Four Supply Scenarios Define Market Boundaries
  • 1.3.2. Four Demand Scenarios Reflect Policy and Economic Conditions
• 1.4. Regional Market Access Analysis
• 1.5. Top Industrial Markets and Deployment Timeline
  • 1.5.1. Market Segmentation and Opportunity Analysis
  • 1.5.2. Market Evolution Timeline and Sequencing
• 1.6. Critical Market Drivers and Transformation Requirements
• 1.7. Advanced Nuclear Delivery Models and Manufacturing Innovation
  • 1.7.1. Evolution from Construction to Manufacturing
  • 1.7.2. Shipyard Manufacturing Approach
  • 1.7.3. Mass Manufacturing Approach
• 1.8. Current Industrial Energy Challenges
• 1.9. Industrial Nuclear Energy Case Studies
• 1.10. Competitive Position and Strategic Implications
  • 1.10.1. Technology Comparison and Differentiation
• 1.11. Pathway to Market Transformation
• 1.12. Policy and Economic Framework
  • 1.12.1. Policy Support Composition and Mechanisms:

2. NUCLEAR SMALL MODULAR REACTORS (SMR)

• 2.1. Introduction
  • 2.1.1. The nuclear industry
  • 2.1.2. Nuclear as a source of low-carbon power
  • 2.1.3. Challenges for nuclear power
  • 2.1.4. Construction and costs of commercial nuclear power plants
  • 2.1.5. Renewed interest in nuclear energy
  • 2.1.6. Projections for nuclear installation rates
  • 2.1.7. Nuclear energy costs
  • 2.1.8. SMR benefits
  • 2.1.9. Industrial Market Opportunity
  • 2.1.10. Decarbonization
• 2.2. Market Forecast
• 2.3. Market Drivers for Industrial Deployment
• 2.4. Technological Trends
• 2.5. Regulatory Landscape
• 2.6. Definition and Characteristics of SMRs
• 2.7. Established nuclear technologies
• 2.8. History and Evolution of SMR Technology
  • 2.8.1. Nuclear fission
  • 2.8.2. Controlling nuclear chain reactions
  • 2.8.3. Fuels
  • 2.8.4. Safety parameters
    • 2.8.4.1. Void coefficient of reactivity
    • 2.8.4.2. Temperature coefficient
  • 2.8.5. Light Water Reactors (LWRs)
  • 2.8.6. Ultimate heat sinks (UHS)
• 2.9. Advantages and Disadvantages of SMRs
• 2.10. Comparison with Traditional Nuclear Reactors
• 2.11. Market Access Scenarios
• 2.12. Industrial Technical Requirements and SMR Capabilities
• 2.13. Current SMR reactor designs and projects
• 2.14. Types of SMRs
  • 2.14.1. Designs
  • 2.14.2. Coolant temperature
  • 2.14.3. The Small Modular Reactor landscape
  • 2.14.4. Light Water Reactors (LWRs)
    • 2.14.4.1. Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)
      • 2.14.4.1.1. Overview
      • 2.14.4.1.2. Key features
      • 2.14.4.1.3. Examples
    • 2.14.4.2. Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs)
      • 2.14.4.2.1. Overview
      • 2.14.4.2.2. Key features
      • 2.14.4.2.3. Examples
    • 2.14.4.3. Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs)
      • 2.14.4.3.1. Overview
      • 2.14.4.3.2. Key features
      • 2.14.4.3.3. Examples
  • 2.14.5. High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs)
    • 2.14.5.1. Overview
    • 2.14.5.2. Key features
    • 2.14.5.3. Examples
  • 2.14.6. Fast Neutron Reactors (FNRs)
    • 2.14.6.1. Overview
    • 2.14.6.2. Key features
    • 2.14.6.3. Examples
  • 2.14.7. Molten Salt Reactors (MSRs)
    • 2.14.7.1. Overview
    • 2.14.7.2. Key features
    • 2.14.7.3. Examples
  • 2.14.8. Microreactors
    • 2.14.8.1. Overview
    • 2.14.8.2. Key features
    • 2.14.8.3. Examples
  • 2.14.9. Heat Pipe Reactors
    • 2.14.9.1. Overview
    • 2.14.9.2. Key features
    • 2.14.9.3. Examples
  • 2.14.10. Liquid Metal Cooled Reactors
    • 2.14.10.1. Overview
    • 2.14.10.2. Key features
    • 2.14.10.3. Examples
  • 2.14.11. Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (SCWRs)
    • 2.14.11.1. Overview
    • 2.14.11.2. Key features
  • 2.14.12. Pebble Bed Reactors
    • 2.14.12.1. Overview
    • 2.14.12.2. Key features
• 2.15. Applications of SMRs
  • 2.15.1. Electricity Generation
    • 2.15.1.1. Overview
    • 2.15.1.2. Cogeneration
  • 2.15.2. Process Heat for Industrial Applications
    • 2.15.2.1. Overview
    • 2.15.2.2. Strategic co-location of SMRs
    • 2.15.2.3. High-temperature reactors
    • 2.15.2.4. Coal-fired power plant conversion
  • 2.15.3. Nuclear District Heating
  • 2.15.4. Desalination
  • 2.15.5. Remote and Off-Grid Power
  • 2.15.6. Hydrogen and industrial gas production
  • 2.15.7. Space Applications
  • 2.15.8. Marine SMRs
    • 2.15.8.1. Maritime Sector: Synthetic Fuels vs. Direct Nuclear Propulsion Analysis
• 2.16. Market challenges
• 2.17. Safety of SMRs
• 2.18. Global Energy Landscape and the Role of SMRs
  • 2.18.1. Current Global Energy Mix
  • 2.18.2. Projected Energy Demand (2025-2045)
  • 2.18.3. Climate Change Mitigation and the Paris Agreement
  • 2.18.4. Nuclear Energy in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals
  • 2.18.5. SMRs as a Solution for Clean Energy Transition
• 2.19. Technology Analysis
  • 2.19.1. Design Principles of SMRs
  • 2.19.2. Key Components and Systems
  • 2.19.3. Safety Features and Passive Safety Systems
  • 2.19.4. Cycle and Waste Management
  • 2.19.5. Advanced Manufacturing Techniques
  • 2.19.6. Modularization and Factory Fabrication
  • 2.19.7. Transportation and Site Assembly
  • 2.19.8. Grid Integration and Load Following Capabilities
  • 2.19.9. Emerging Technologies and Future Developments
• 2.20. Regulatory Framework and Licensing
  • 2.20.1. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Guidelines
  • 2.20.2. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) Approach to SMRs
  • 2.20.3. European Nuclear Safety Regulators Group (ENSREG) Perspective
  • 2.20.4. Regulatory Challenges and Harmonization Efforts
  • 2.20.5. Licensing Processes for SMRs
  • 2.20.6. Environmental Impact Assessment
  • 2.20.7. Public Acceptance and Stakeholder Engagement
• 2.21. SMR Market Analysis
  • 2.21.1. Global Market Size and Growth Projections (2025-2045)
  • 2.21.2. Market Segmentation
    • 2.21.2.1. By Reactor Type
    • 2.21.2.2. By Application
    • 2.21.2.3. By Region
  • 2.21.3. SWOT Analysis
  • 2.21.4. Value Chain Analysis
  • 2.21.5. Cost Analysis and Economic Viability
  • 2.21.6. Financing Models and Investment Strategies
  • 2.21.7. Regional Market Analysis
    • 2.21.7.1. North America
      • 2.21.7.1.1. United States
      • 2.21.7.1.2. Canada
    • 2.21.7.2. Europe
      • 2.21.7.2.1. United Kingdom
      • 2.21.7.2.2. France
      • 2.21.7.2.3. Russia
    • 2.21.7.3. Other European Countries
    • 2.21.7.4. Asia-Pacific
      • 2.21.7.4.1. China
      • 2.21.7.4.2. Japan
      • 2.21.7.4.3. South Korea
      • 2.21.7.4.4. India
      • 2.21.7.4.5. Other Asia-Pacific Countries
    • 2.21.7.5. Middle East and Africa
    • 2.21.7.6. Latin America
• 2.22. Competitive Landscape
  • 2.22.1. Competitive Strategies
  • 2.22.2. Recent market news
  • 2.22.3. New Product Developments and Innovations
  • 2.22.4. SMR private investment
  • 2.22.5. First-of-a-Kind (FOAK) Projects
  • 2.22.6. Nth-of-a-Kind (NOAK) Projections
  • 2.22.7. Deployment Timelines and Milestones
  • 2.22.8. Capacity Additions Forecast (2025-2045)
  • 2.22.9. Market Penetration Analysis
  • 2.22.10. Replacement of Aging Nuclear Fleet
  • 2.22.11. Integration with Renewable Energy Systems
• 2.23. Economic Impact Analysis
  • 2.23.1. Job Creation and Skill Development
  • 2.23.2. Local and National Economic Benefits
  • 2.23.3. Impact on Energy Prices
  • 2.23.4. Comparison with Other Clean Energy Technologies
• 2.24. Environmental and Social Impact
  • 2.24.1. Carbon Emissions Reduction Potential
  • 2.24.2. Land Use and Siting Considerations
  • 2.24.3. Water Usage and Thermal Pollution
  • 2.24.4. Radioactive Waste Management
  • 2.24.5. Public Health and Safety
  • 2.24.6. Social Acceptance and Community Engagement
• 2.25. Policy and Government Initiatives
  • 2.25.1. National Nuclear Energy Policies
  • 2.25.2. SMR-Specific Support Programs
  • 2.25.3. Research and Development Funding
  • 2.25.4. International Cooperation and Technology Transfer
  • 2.25.5. Export Control and Non-Proliferation Measures
• 2.26. Challenges and Opportunities
  • 2.26.1. Technical Challenges
    • 2.26.1.1. Design Certification and Licensing
    • 2.26.1.2. Fuel Development and Supply
    • 2.26.1.3. Component Manufacturing and Quality Assurance
    • 2.26.1.4. Grid Integration and Load Following
  • 2.26.2. Economic Challenges
    • 2.26.2.1. Capital Costs and Financing
    • 2.26.2.2. Economies of Scale
    • 2.26.2.3. Market Competition from Other Energy Sources
  • 2.26.3. Regulatory Challenges
    • 2.26.3.1. Harmonization of International Standards
    • 2.26.3.2. Site Licensing and Environmental Approvals
    • 2.26.3.3. Liability and Insurance Issues
  • 2.26.4. Social and Political Challenges
    • 2.26.4.1. Public Perception and Acceptance
    • 2.26.4.2. Nuclear Proliferation Concerns
    • 2.26.4.3. Waste Management and Long-Term Storage
  • 2.26.5. Opportunities
    • 2.26.5.1. Decarbonization of Energy Systems
    • 2.26.5.2. Energy Security and Independence
    • 2.26.5.3. Industrial Applications and Process Heat
    • 2.26.5.4. Remote and Off-Grid Power Solutions
    • 2.26.5.5. Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy Systems
• 2.27. Future Outlook and Scenarios
  • 2.27.1. Technology Roadmap (2025-2045)
  • 2.27.2. Market Evolution Scenarios
  • 2.27.3. Long-Term Market Projections (Beyond 2045)
  • 2.27.4. Potential Disruptive Technologies
  • 2.27.5. Global Energy Mix Scenarios with SMR Integration
• 2.28. Case Studies
  • 2.28.1. NuScale Power VOYGR(TM) SMR Power Plant
  • 2.28.2. Rolls-Royce UK SMR Program
  • 2.28.3. China's HTR-PM Demonstration Project
  • 2.28.4. Russia's Floating Nuclear Power Plant (Akademik Lomonosov)
  • 2.28.5. Canadian SMR Action Plan
• 2.29. Investment Analysis
  • 2.29.1. Return on Investment (ROI) Projections
  • 2.29.2. Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies
  • 2.29.3. Comparative Analysis with Other Energy Investments
  • 2.29.4. Public-Private Partnership Models
• 2.30. SMR Company Profiles (33 company profiles)

3. NUCLEAR FUSION

• 3.1. Market Overview
  • 3.1.1. What is Nuclear Fusion?
  • 3.1.2. Future Outlook
  • 3.1.3. Recent Market Activity
    • 3.1.3.1. Investment Landscape and Funding Trends
    • 3.1.3.2. Government Support and Policy Framework
    • 3.1.3.3. Technical Approaches and Innovation
    • 3.1.3.4. Commercial Partnerships and Power Purchase Agreements
    • 3.1.3.5. Regional Development and Manufacturing
    • 3.1.3.6. Regulatory Environment and Licensing
    • 3.1.3.7. Challenges and Technical Hurdles
    • 3.1.3.8. Market Projections and Timeline
    • 3.1.3.9. Investment Ecosystem Evolution
    • 3.1.3.10. Global Competitive Landscape
  • 3.1.4. Competition with Other Power Sources
  • 3.1.5. Investment Funding
  • 3.1.6. Materials and Components
  • 3.1.7. Commercial Landscape
  • 3.1.8. Applications and Implementation Roadmap
  • 3.1.9. Fuels
• 3.2. Introduction
  • 3.2.1. The Fusion Energy Market
    • 3.2.1.1. Historical evolution
    • 3.2.1.2. Market drivers
    • 3.2.1.3. National strategies
  • 3.2.2. Technical Foundations
    • 3.2.2.1. Nuclear Fusion Principles
      • 3.2.2.1.1. Nuclear binding energy fundamentals
      • 3.2.2.1.2. Fusion reaction types and characteristics
      • 3.2.2.1.3. Energy density advantages of fusion reactions
    • 3.2.2.2. Power Production Fundamentals
      • 3.2.2.2.1. Q factor
      • 3.2.2.2.2. Electricity production pathways
      • 3.2.2.2.3. Engineering efficiency
      • 3.2.2.2.4. Heat transfer and power conversion systems
    • 3.2.2.3. Fusion and Fission
      • 3.2.2.3.1. Safety profile
      • 3.2.2.3.2. Waste management considerations and radioactivity
      • 3.2.2.3.3. Fuel cycle differences and proliferation aspects
      • 3.2.2.3.4. Engineering crossover and shared expertise
      • 3.2.2.3.5. Nuclear industry contributions to fusion development
  • 3.2.3. Regulatory Framework
    • 3.2.3.1. International regulatory developments and harmonization
    • 3.2.3.2. Europe
    • 3.2.3.3. Regional approaches and policy implications
• 3.3. Nuclear Fusion Energy Market
  • 3.3.1. Market Outlook
    • 3.3.1.1. Fusion deployment
    • 3.3.1.2. Alternative clean energy sources
    • 3.3.1.3. Application in data centers
    • 3.3.1.4. Deployment rate limitations and scaling challenges
    • 3.3.1.5. Fusion Market Positioning vs. SMRs
  • 3.3.2. Technology Categorization by Confinement Mechanism
    • 3.3.2.1. Magnetic Confinement Technologies
      • 3.3.2.1.1. Tokamak and spherical tokamak designs
      • 3.3.2.1.2. Stellarator approach and advantages
      • 3.3.2.1.3. Field-reversed configurations (FRCs)
      • 3.3.2.1.4. Comparison of magnetic confinement approaches
      • 3.3.2.1.5. Plasma stability and confinement innovations
    • 3.3.2.2. Inertial Confinement Technologies
      • 3.3.2.2.1. Laser-driven inertial confinement
      • 3.3.2.2.2. National Ignition Facility achievements and challenges
      • 3.3.2.2.3. Manufacturing and scaling barriers
      • 3.3.2.2.4. Commercial viability
      • 3.3.2.2.5. High repetition rate approaches
    • 3.3.2.3. Hybrid and Alternative Approaches
      • 3.3.2.3.1. Magnetized target fusion
      • 3.3.2.3.2. Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
      • 3.3.2.3.3. Z-Pinch Devices
      • 3.3.2.3.4. Pulsed magnetic fusion
    • 3.3.2.4. Emerging Alternative Concepts
    • 3.3.2.5. Compact Fusion Approaches
  • 3.3.3. Fuel Cycle Analysis
    • 3.3.3.1. Commercial Fusion Reactions
      • 3.3.3.1.1. Deuterium-Tritium (D-T) fusion
      • 3.3.3.1.2. Alternative reaction pathways (D-D, p-B11, He3)
      • 3.3.3.1.3. Comparative advantages and technical challenges
      • 3.3.3.1.4. Aneutronic fusion approaches
    • 3.3.3.2. Fuel Supply Considerations
      • 3.3.3.2.1. Tritium supply limitations and breeding requirements
      • 3.3.3.2.2. Deuterium abundance and extraction methods
      • 3.3.3.2.3. Exotic fuel availability
      • 3.3.3.2.4. Supply chain security and strategic reserves
  • 3.3.4. Ecosystem Beyond Power Plant OEMs
    • 3.3.4.1. Component manufacturers and specialized suppliers
    • 3.3.4.2. Engineering services and testing infrastructure
    • 3.3.4.3. Digital twin technology and advanced simulation tools
    • 3.3.4.4. AI applications in plasma physics and reactor operation
    • 3.3.4.5. Building trust in surrogate models for fusion
  • 3.3.5. Development Timelines
    • 3.3.5.1. Comparative Analysis of Commercial Approaches
    • 3.3.5.2. Strategic Roadmaps and Timelines
      • 3.3.5.2.1. Major Player Developments
        • 3.3.5.2.1.1. Tokamak and stellarator commercialization paths
        • 3.3.5.2.1.2. Field-reversed configuration (FRC) developer timelines
        • 3.3.5.2.1.3. Inertial, magneto-inertial and Z-pinch deployment
        • 3.3.5.2.1.4. Commercial plant deployment projections, by company
    • 3.3.5.3. Public funding for fusion energy research
    • 3.3.5.4. Integrated Timeline Analysis
      • 3.3.5.4.1. Technology approach commercialization sequence
      • 3.3.5.4.2. Fuel cycle development dependencies
      • 3.3.5.4.3. Cost trajectory projections
• 3.4. Key Technologies
  • 3.4.1. Magnetic Confinement Fusion
    • 3.4.1.1. Tokamak and Spherical Tokamak
      • 3.4.1.1.1. Operating principles and technical foundation
      • 3.4.1.1.2. Commercial development
      • 3.4.1.1.3. SWOT analysis
      • 3.4.1.1.4. Roadmap for commercial tokamak fusion
    • 3.4.1.2. Stellarators
      • 3.4.1.2.1. Design principles and advantages over tokamaks
      • 3.4.1.2.2. Wendelstein 7-X
      • 3.4.1.2.3. Commercial development
      • 3.4.1.2.4. SWOT analysis
    • 3.4.1.3. Field-Reversed Configurations
      • 3.4.1.3.1. Technical principles and design advantages
      • 3.4.1.3.2. Commercial development
      • 3.4.1.3.3. SWOT analysis
  • 3.4.2. Inertial Confinement Fusion
    • 3.4.2.1. Fundamental operating principles
    • 3.4.2.2. National Ignition Facility
    • 3.4.2.3. Commercial development
    • 3.4.2.4. SWOT analysis
  • 3.4.3. Alternative Approaches
    • 3.4.3.1. Magnetized Target Fusion
      • 3.4.3.1.1. Technical overview and operating principles
      • 3.4.3.1.2. Commercial development
      • 3.4.3.1.3. SWOT analysis
      • 3.4.3.1.4. Roadmap
    • 3.4.3.2. Z-Pinch Fusion
      • 3.4.3.2.1. Technical principles and operational characteristics
      • 3.4.3.2.2. Commercial development
      • 3.4.3.2.3. SWOT analysis
    • 3.4.3.3. Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
      • 3.4.3.3.1. Technical overview of pulsed magnetic fusion
      • 3.4.3.3.2. Commercial development
      • 3.4.3.3.3. SWOT analysis
• 3.5. Materials and Components
  • 3.5.1. Critical Materials for Fusion
    • 3.5.1.1. High-Temperature Superconductors (HTS)
      • 3.5.1.1.1. Second-generation (2G) REBCO tape manufacturing process
      • 3.5.1.1.2. Global value chain
      • 3.5.1.1.3. Demand projections and manufacturing bottlenecks
      • 3.5.1.1.4. SWOT analysis
    • 3.5.1.2. Plasma-Facing Materials
      • 3.5.1.2.1. First wall challenges and material requirements
      • 3.5.1.2.2. Tungsten and lithium solutions for plasma-facing components
      • 3.5.1.2.3. Radiation damage and lifetime considerations
      • 3.5.1.2.4. Supply chain
    • 3.5.1.3. Breeder Blanket Materials
      • 3.5.1.3.1. Choice between solid-state and fluid (liquid metal or molten salt) blanket concepts
      • 3.5.1.3.2. Technology readiness level
      • 3.5.1.3.3. Value chain
    • 3.5.1.4. Lithium Resources and Processing
      • 3.5.1.4.1. Lithium demand in fusion
      • 3.5.1.4.2. Lithium-6 isotope separation requirements
      • 3.5.1.4.3. Comparison of lithium separation methods
      • 3.5.1.4.4. Global lithium supply-demand balance
  • 3.5.2. Component Manufacturing Ecosystem
    • 3.5.2.1. Specialized capacitors and power electronics
    • 3.5.2.2. Vacuum systems and cryogenic equipment
    • 3.5.2.3. Laser systems for inertial fusion
    • 3.5.2.4. Target manufacturing for ICF
  • 3.5.3. Strategic Supply Chain Considerations
    • 3.5.3.1. Critical minerals
    • 3.5.3.2. China's dominance
    • 3.5.3.3. Public-private partnerships
    • 3.5.3.4. Component supply
• 3.6. Business Models and Nuclear Fusion Energy
  • 3.6.1. Commercial Fusion Business Models
    • 3.6.1.1. Value creation
    • 3.6.1.2. Fusion commercialization
    • 3.6.1.3. Industrial process heat applications
  • 3.6.2. Investment Landscape
    • 3.6.2.1. Funding Trends and Sources
      • 3.6.2.1.1. Public funding mechanisms and programs
      • 3.6.2.1.2. Venture capital
      • 3.6.2.1.3. Corporate investments
      • 3.6.2.1.4. Funding by approach
    • 3.6.2.2. Value Creation
      • 3.6.2.2.1. Pre-commercial technology licensing
      • 3.6.2.2.2. Component and material supply opportunities
      • 3.6.2.2.3. Specialized service provision
      • 3.6.2.2.4. Knowledge and intellectual property monetization
• 3.7. Future Outlook and Strategic Opportunities
  • 3.7.1. Technology Convergence and Breakthrough Potential
    • 3.7.1.1. AI and machine learning impact on development
    • 3.7.1.2. Advanced computing for design optimization
    • 3.7.1.3. Materials science advancement
    • 3.7.1.4. Control system and diagnostics innovations
    • 3.7.1.5. High-temperature superconductor advancements
  • 3.7.2. Market Evolution
    • 3.7.2.1. Commercial deployment
    • 3.7.2.2. Market adoption and penetration
    • 3.7.2.3. Grid integration and energy markets
    • 3.7.2.4. Specialized application development paths
      • 3.7.2.4.1. Marine propulsion
      • 3.7.2.4.2. Space applications
      • 3.7.2.4.3. Industrial process heat applications
      • 3.7.2.4.4. Remote power applications
  • 3.7.3. Strategic Positioning for Market Participants
    • 3.7.3.1. Component supplier opportunities
    • 3.7.3.2. Energy producer partnership strategies
    • 3.7.3.3. Technology licensing and commercialization paths
    • 3.7.3.4. Investment timing considerations
    • 3.7.3.5. Risk diversification approaches
  • 3.7.4. Pathways to Commercial Fusion Energy
    • 3.7.4.1. Critical Success Factors
      • 3.7.4.1.1. Technical milestone achievement requirements
      • 3.7.4.1.2. Supply chain development imperatives
      • 3.7.4.1.3. Regulatory framework evolution
      • 3.7.4.1.4. Capital formation mechanisms
      • 3.7.4.1.5. Public engagement and acceptance building
    • 3.7.4.2. Key Inflection Points
      • 3.7.4.2.1. Scientific and engineering breakeven demonstrations
      • 3.7.4.2.2. First commercial plant commissioning
      • 3.7.4.2.3. Manufacturing scale-up
      • 3.7.4.2.4. Cost reduction
      • 3.7.4.2.5. Policy support
    • 3.7.4.3. Long-Term Market Impact
      • 3.7.4.3.1. Global energy system transformation
      • 3.7.4.3.2. Decarbonization
      • 3.7.4.3.3. Geopolitical energy
      • 3.7.4.3.4. Societal benefits and economic development
      • 3.7.4.3.5. Quality of life
• 3.8. Fusion Energy Company Profiles (46 company profiles)

4. EMERGING ADVANCED NUCLEAR TECHOLOGIES

• 4.1. Advanced Reactor Concepts
  • 4.1.1. Introduction
  • 4.1.2. Accelerator-Driven Systems (ADS)
    • 4.1.2.1. Technical Architecture
    • 4.1.2.2. Waste Transmutation Capability
    • 4.1.2.3. Current Development Status
    • 4.1.2.4. Market Applications and Economics
  • 4.1.3. Traveling Wave Reactors (TWR)
    • 4.1.3.1. The Breed-and-Burn Concept
    • 4.1.3.2. TerraPower's Natrium: The First TWR Evolution
    • 4.1.3.3. Resource Implications
    • 4.1.3.4. Development Challenges
    • 4.1.3.5. Market Projections and Economics
    • 4.1.3.6. Strategic Significance
  • 4.1.4. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Systems
    • 4.1.4.1. The Hybrid Advantage
    • 4.1.4.2. Waste Transmutation Application
    • 4.1.4.3. Technical Configurations
    • 4.1.4.4. Current Status and Development Gap
    • 4.1.4.5. Economic and Strategic Assessment
• 4.2. Energy Conversion
  • 4.2.1. Introduction to Advanced Energy Conversion
  • 4.2.2. Direct Energy Conversion Technologies
    • 4.2.2.1. Physical Principles and Approaches
    • 4.2.2.2. Thermionic Conversion: Nearest-Term Technology
    • 4.2.2.3. Thermophotovoltaics: The Photonic Approach
    • 4.2.2.4. Direct Charge Collection: The Ultimate Conversion
    • 4.2.2.5. Market Analysis and Economics
• 4.3. Specialized Reactor Applications
  • 4.3.1. Introduction
  • 4.3.2. Space Nuclear Systems
    • 4.3.2.1. Historical Context and Current Revival
    • 4.3.2.2. Technical Requirements and Challenges
    • 4.3.2.3. Current Active Programs
    • 4.3.2.4. Market Projections and Strategic Importance
  • 4.3.3. Deep Underground Microreactors
    • 4.3.3.1. Strategic Rationale and Origins
    • 4.3.3.2. Technical Concept and Challenges
    • 4.3.3.3. Conceptual Design Approaches
    • 4.3.3.4. Applications and Market Analysis
    • 4.3.3.5. Development Timeline and Barriers
    • 4.3.3.6. Economic Analysis
  • 4.3.4. Liquid Metal Microreactors
    • 4.3.4.1. Technology Fundamentals
    • 4.3.4.2. Commercial Leaders and Recent Developments
    • 4.3.4.3. Key Design Innovations
    • 4.3.4.4. Market Applications and Economics
    • 4.3.4.5. Deployment Timeline and Commercialization Path
    • 4.3.4.6. Technical Challenges and Risk Mitigation
    • 4.3.4.7. Strategic Implications
• 4.4. Advanced Fuel Cycles
  • 4.4.1. Introduction to Advanced Fuel Cycles
  • 4.4.2. Advanced Reprocessing Technologies
    • 4.4.2.1. Advanced Reprocessing Approaches
    • 4.4.2.2. Integrated Fuel Cycle Concepts
    • 4.4.2.3. Economic and Policy Challenges
    • 4.4.2.4. Partnership Developments
    • 4.4.2.5. Waste Impact Analysis
  • 4.4.3. Thorium Fuel Cycle Deployment
    • 4.4.3.1. Thorium Fuel Cycle Fundamentals
    • 4.4.3.2. Proliferation Resistance: The U-232 Challenge
    • 4.4.3.3. Current Thorium Development Programs
    • 4.4.3.4. Molten Salt Reactors: Thorium's Best Hope
    • 4.4.3.5. Economic and Resource Assessment
    • 4.4.3.6. Market Projections and Regional Strategies
    • 4.4.3.7. Strategic Assessment
  • 4.4.4. Actinide Burning and Transmutation Systems
    • 4.4.4.1. The Minor Actinide Problem
    • 4.4.4.2. Transmutation Technologies and Approaches
    • 4.4.4.3. System Requirements for Effective Transmutation
    • 4.4.4.4. Active Programs and Commercial Developers
    • 4.4.4.5. Scenarios and Impact Analysis
    • 4.4.4.6. Economic and Investment Analysis
    • 4.4.4.7. Strategic Considerations
• 4.5. AI and Digital Technologies
  • 4.5.1. Introduction to AI and Digital Innovation in Nuclear
  • 4.5.2. Autonomous AI-Designed Reactors
    • 4.5.2.1. AI Design Capabilities and Applications
    • 4.5.2.2. Design Optimization Examples
    • 4.5.2.3. Autonomous Control and Operation
    • 4.5.2.4. Current Development Activities
    • 4.5.2.5. Regulatory Challenges and Solutions
    • 4.5.2.6. Market Projections
  • 4.5.3. Quantum Computing Applications for Nuclear Energy
    • 4.5.3.1. Quantum Advantage in Nuclear Applications
    • 4.5.3.2. Current Hardware Status and Development
    • 4.5.3.3. Pilot Programs and Early Applications
    • 4.5.3.4. Digital Twin Evolution with Quantum Computing
    • 4.5.3.5. Quantum Algorithms for Nuclear Engineering
    • 4.5.3.6. Market Development and Investment
    • 4.5.3.7. Development Challenges
    • 4.5.3.8. Strategic Implications
• 4.6. Integrated Energy Systems
  • 4.6.1. Introduction to Integrated Nuclear Energy Systems
  • 4.6.2. Nuclear-Hydrogen Production Integration
    • 4.6.2.1. Production Technologies and Efficiency
    • 4.6.2.2. Reactor-Hydrogen System Matching
    • 4.6.2.3. Active Development Programs
    • 4.6.2.4. Market Development and Economics
    • 4.6.2.5. End-Use Applications
    • 4.6.2.6. Integration Architectures and Operational Strategies
  • 4.6.3. Industrial Process Heat Applications
    • 4.6.3.1. Industrial Heat Requirements and Nuclear Solutions
    • 4.6.3.2. Reactor-Industry Technology Matching
    • 4.6.3.3. Active Industrial Partnerships
    • 4.6.3.4. Economic Analysis and Value Proposition
    • 4.6.3.5. Integrated Industrial Energy Park Concept
    • 4.6.3.6. Deployment Scenarios and Market Projections
    • 4.6.3.7. Regional Strategies and Policy Environments
    • 4.6.3.8. Technical and Institutional Barriers
  • 4.6.4. Multi-Product Energy Centers
    • 4.6.4.1. Product Portfolio and Value Streams
    • 4.6.4.2. System Architecture and Integration
    • 4.6.4.3. Detailed System Example - Advanced Multi-Product Center
    • 4.6.4.4. Revenue Optimization and Economic Performance
    • 4.6.4.5. Dynamic Optimization and Control
    • 4.6.4.6. Market Projections and Deployment Scenarios
    • 4.6.4.7. Technology Enablers and Requirements
    • 4.6.4.8. Strategic Value and Market Transformation
• 4.7. Technology Readiness and Investment Landscape
• 4.8. Market Value and Investment Requirements
• 4.9. Company profiles (10 company profiles)

5. APPENDICES

• 5.1. Research Methodology

6. REFERENCES

List of Tables

• Table 1. Regional Market Potential Analysis
• Table 2. Industrial Sector Technical Requirements Analysis
• Table 3. Market Driver Evolution Matrix
• Table 4. Nuclear Delivery Model Evolution
• Table 5. Forces Driving Industrial Nuclear Adoption
• Table 6. Active Industrial SMR Projects (North America & Europe)
• Table 7. Demand Scenarios: Policy Framework and Economic Conditions
• Table 8. Comparative Policy Support Levels
• Table 9. Policy Evolution Assumptions (2025-2050)
• Table 10. Regional Policy Context
• Table 11. Motivation for Adopting SMRs
• Table 12. Generations of nuclear technologies
• Table 13. SMR Construction Economics
• Table 14. Cost of Capital for SMRs vs. Traditional NPP Projects
• Table 15. Comparative Costs of SMRs with Other Types
• Table 16. SMR Benefits
• Table 17. SMR Technical Capability by Reactor Type
• Table 18. SMR Energy Technology Comparison for Industrial Applications
• Table 19. Land Use Efficiency Comparison (Annual Energy Production per Acre)
• Table 20. Cost Evolution Comparison (2025-2050)
• Table 21. Top Industrial Sectors for SMR Deployment (by 2050)
• Table 22. SMR Market Growth Trajectory, 2025-2045
• Table 23. SMR Market Potential by Region (Announced Pledges Scenario, 2050)
• Table 24. Top SMR Industrial Markets: Detailed Analysis (Transformation + Announced Pledges Scenarios, 2050)
• Table 25. Critical Drivers for SMR Market Transformation
• Table 26. Technological trends in Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMR)
• Table 27. Regulatory landscape for Nuclear Small Modular Reactors (SMR)
• Table 28. Designs by generation
• Table 29. Established nuclear technologies
• Table 30. Advantages and Disadvantages of SMRs
• Table 31. Comparison with Traditional Nuclear Reactors
• Table 32. North America - SMR Accessible Market (GW)
• Table 33. Europe - SMR Accessible Market (GW)
• Table 34. SMR Alignment with Industrial Energy Requirements
• Table 35. SMR Projects
• Table 36. Project Types by Reactor Class
• Table 37. SMR Technology Benchmarking
• Table 38. Comparison of SMR Types: LWRs, HTGRs, FNRs, and MSRs
• Table 39. Types of PWR
• Table 40. Key Features of Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs)
• Table 41. Comparison of Leading Gen III/III+ Designs
• Table 42. Gen-IV Reactor Designs
• Table 43. Key Features of Pressurized Heavy Water Reactors
• Table 44. Key Features of Boiling Water Reactors (BWRs)
• Table 45. HTGRs- Rankine vs. Brayton vs. Combined Cycle Generation
• Table 46. Key Features of High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (HTGRs)
• Table 47. Comparing LMFRs to Other Gen IV Types
• Table 48. Markets and Applications for SMRs
• Table 49. SMR Applications and Their Market Share, 2025-2045
• Table 50. Industrial Sector Evaluation Framework
• Table 51. Development Status
• Table 52. Pathway Comparison
• Table 53. Deployment Scenarios Comparison (Announced Pledges, 2050)
• Table 54. Technology Development Status
• Table 55. Historical Nuclear Ship Experience
• Table 56. Market Challenges for SMRs
• Table 57. Global Energy Mix Projections, 2025-2045
• Table 58. Projected Energy Demand (2025-2045)
• Table 59. Key Components and Systems
• Table 60. Key Safety Features of SMRs
• Table 61. Advanced Manufacturing Techniques
• Table 62. Emerging Technologies and Future Developments in SMRs
• Table 63.SMR Licensing Process Timeline
• Table 64. SMR Market Size by Reactor Type, 2025-2045
• Table 65. SMR Market Size by Application, 2025-2045
• Table 66. SMR Market Size by Region, 2025-2045
• Table 67. Cost Breakdown of SMR Construction and Operation
• Table 68. Financing Models for SMR Projects
• Table 69. Projected SMR Capacity Additions by Region, 2025-2045
• Table 70. Competitive Strategies in SMR
• Table 71. Nuclear Small Modular Reactor (SMR) Market News 2022-2024
• Table 72. New Product Developments and Innovations
• Table 73. SMR private investment
• Table 74. Major SMR Projects and Their Status, 2025
• Table 75. SMR Deployment Scenarios: FOAK vs. NOAK
• Table 76. SMR Deployment Timeline, 2025-2045
• Table 77. Job Creation in SMR Industry by Sector
• Table 78. Comparison with Other Clean Energy Technologies
• Table 79. Comparison of Carbon Emissions: SMRs vs. Other Energy Sources
• Table 80. Carbon Emissions Reduction Potential of SMRs, 2025-2045
• Table 81. Land Use Comparison: SMRs vs. Traditional Nuclear Plants
• Table 82. Water Usage Comparison: SMRs vs. Traditional Nuclear Plants
• Table 83. Government Funding for SMR Research and Development by Country
• Table 84. Government Initiatives Supporting SMR Development by Country
• Table 85. National Nuclear Energy Policies
• Table 86. SMR-Specific Support Programs
• Table 87. R&D Funding Allocation for SMR Technologies
• Table 88. International Cooperation Networks in SMR Development
• Table 89. Export Control and Non-Proliferation Measures
• Table 90. Technical Challenges in SMR Development and Deployment
• Table 91. Economic Challenges in SMR Commercialization
• Table 92. Economies of Scale in SMR Production
• Table 93. Market Competition: SMRs vs. Other Clean Energy Technologies
• Table 94. Regulatory Challenges for SMR Adoption
• Table 95. Regulatory Harmonization Efforts for SMRs Globally
• Table 96. Liability and Insurance Models for SMR Operations
• Table 97. Social and Political Challenges for SMR Implementation
• Table 98. Non-Proliferation Measures for SMR Technology
• Table 99. Waste Management Strategies for SMRs
• Table 100. Decarbonization Potential of SMRs in Energy Systems
• Table 101. SMR Applications in Industrial Process Heat
• Table 102. Off-Grid and Remote Power Solutions Using SMRs
• Table 103. SMR Market Evolution Scenarios, 2025-2045
• Table 104. Long-Term Market Projections for SMRs (Beyond 2045)
• Table 105. Potential Disruptive Technologies in Nuclear Energy
• Table 106. Global Energy Mix Scenarios with SMR Integration, 2045
• Table 107. ROI Projections for SMR Investments, 2025-2045
• Table 108. Risk Assessment and Mitigation Strategies
• Table 109. Comparative Analysis with Other Energy Investments
• Table 110. Public-Private Partnership Models for SMR Projects
• Table 111. Comparison of Nuclear Fusion Energy with Other Power Sources
• Table 112. Private and public funding for Nuclear Fusion Energy 2021-2025
• Table 113. Nuclear Fusion Energy Investment Funding, by company
• Table 114. Key Materials and Components for Fusion
• Table 115.Commercial Landscape by Reactor Class
• Table 116. Market by Reactor Type
• Table 117. Applications by Sector
• Table 118. Fuels in Commercial Fusion
• Table 119. Commercial Fusion Market by Fuel
• Table 120. Market drivers for commercialization of nuclear fusion energy
• Table 121. National strategies in Nuclear Fusion Energy
• Table 122. Fusion Reaction Types and Characteristics
• Table 123. Energy Density Advantages of Fusion Reactions
• Table 124. Q values
• Table 125. Electricity production pathways from fusion energy
• Table 126. Engineering efficiency factors
• Table 127. Heat transfer and power conversion
• Table 128. Nuclear fusion and nuclear fission
• Table 129. Pros and cons of fusion and fission
• Table 130. Safety aspects
• Table 131. Waste management considerations and radioactivity
• Table 132. International regulatory developments
• Table 133. Regional approaches to fusion regulation and policy support
• Table 134. Reactions in Commercial Fusion
• Table 135. Alternative clean energy sources
• Table 136. Deployment rate limitations and scaling challenges
• Table 137. Comparison of magnetic confinement approaches
• Table 138. Plasma stability and confinement innovations
• Table 139. Inertial Confinement Technologies
• Table 140. Inertial confinement fusion Manufacturing and scaling barriers
• Table 141. Commercial viability of inertial confinement fusion energy
• Table 142. High repetition rate approaches
• Table 143. Hybrid and Alternative Approaches
• Table 144. Emerging Alternative Concepts
• Table 145. Compact fusion approaches
• Table 146. Comparative advantages and technical challenges
• Table 147. Aneutronic fusion approaches
• Table 148. Tritium self-sufficiency challenges for D-T reactors
• Table 149. Supply chain considerations
• Table 150. Component manufacturers and specialized suppliers
• Table 151. Engineering services and testing infrastructure
• Table 152. Digital twin technology and advanced simulation tools
• Table 153. AI applications in plasma physics and reactor operation
• Table 154. Comparative Analysis of Commercial Nuclear Fusion Approaches
• Table 155. Field-reversed configuration (FRC) developer timelines
• Table 156. Inertial, magneto-inertial and Z-pinch deployment
• Table 157. Commercial plant deployment projections, by company
• Table 158. Pure inertial confinement fusion commercialization
• Table 159. Public funding for fusion energy research
• Table 160. Technology approach commercialization sequence
• Table 161. Fuel cycle development dependencies
• Table 162. Cost trajectory projections
• Table 163. Conventional Tokamak versus Spherical Tokamak
• Table 164. ITER Specifications
• Table 165. Design principles and advantages over tokamaks
• Table 166. Stellarator vs. Tokamak Comparative Analysis
• Table 167. Stellarator Commercial development
• Table 168. Technical principles and design advantages
• Table 169. Commercial Timeline Assessment
• Table 170. Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) operating principles
• Table 171. Inertial Confinement Fusion commercial development
• Table 172. Inertial Confinement Fusion funding
• Table 173. Timeline of laser-driven inertial confinement fusion
• Table 174. Alternative Approaches
• Table 175. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) Technical overview and operating principles
• Table 176. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) commercial development
• Table 177. Z-pinch fusion Technical principles and operational characteristics
• Table 178. Z-pinch fusion commercial development
• Table 179. Commercial Viability Assessment
• Table 180. Pulsed magnetic fusion commercial development
• Table 181. Critical Materials for Fusion
• Table 182. Global Value Chain
• Table 183. Demand Projections and Manufacturing Bottlenecks for HTC
• Table 184. First wall challenges and material requirements
• Table 185. Ceramic, Liquid Metal and Molten Salt Options
• Table 186. Comparison of solid-state and fluid (liquid metal or molten salt) blanket concepts
• Table 187. Technology Readiness Level Assessment for Breeder Blanket Materials
• Table 188. Alternatives to COLEX Process for Enrichment
• Table 189. Comparison of Lithium Separation Methods
• Table 190. Competition with Battery Markets for Lithium
• Table 191. Key Components Summary by Fusion Approach
• Table 192. Fusion Energy for industrial process heat applications
• Table 193. Public funding mechanisms and programs
• Table 194. Corporate investments
• Table 195. Component and material supply opportunities
• Table 196. Control system and diagnostic innovations
• Table 197. High-temperature superconductor (HTS) technology advancements
• Table 198. Market adoption patterns and penetration rates
• Table 199. Grid integration and energy market impacts
• Table 200. Specialized application development paths
• Table 201. Energy producer partnership strategies
• Table 202. Technology licensing and commercialization paths
• Table 203. Risk diversification approaches
• Table 204. Technical milestone achievement requirements
• Table 205. Supply chain development imperatives
• Table 206. Capital Formation Mechanisms
• Table 207. Accelerator-Driven Systems - Technical Specifications
• Table 208. ADS Market Development Timeline
• Table 209. Traveling Wave Reactor Technical Characteristics
• Table 210. Traveling Wave Reactor Development
• Table 211. TWR Market Scenarios (2040-2070)
• Table 212. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Reactor Characteristics
• Table 213. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Concepts
• Table 214. Fusion-Fission Hybrid Development Roadmap
• Table 215. Direct Energy Conversion Technologies
• Table 216. Next-Generation DEC Systems for Nuclear
• Table 217. Direct Energy Conversion Market Projections
• Table 218. Space Nuclear Power Systems
• Table 219. Space Nuclear System Developers
• Table 220. Space Nuclear Systems Market (2030-2060)
• Table 221. Deep Underground Microreactor Characteristics
• Table 222. Deep Underground Reactor Concepts
• Table 223. Deep Underground Microreactor Applications
• Table 224. Deep Underground Reactor Development Barriers
• Table 225. Liquid Metal Microreactor Technical Specifications
• Table 226. Liquid Metal Microreactor Companies (2024-2025)
• Table 227. Liquid Metal Microreactor Design Innovations
• Table 228. Liquid Metal Microreactor Market Segments
• Table 229. Liquid Metal Microreactor Deployment Roadmap
• Table 230. Liquid Metal Microreactor Challenges
• Table 231. Advanced Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing Technologies
• Table 232. Next-Generation Reprocessing Systems
• Table 233. Advanced Reprocessing Market Projections (2030-2060)
• Table 234. Reprocessing Technology Developers
• Table 235. Impact of Advanced Reprocessing on Waste Management
• Table 236. Thorium vs. Uranium Fuel Cycles Comparison
• Table 237. Thorium-Fueled Reactor Technologies
• Table 238. Active Thorium Fuel Cycle Companies (2024-2025)
• Table 239. Thorium Fuel Cycle Development Barriers
• Table 240. Thorium Fuel Cycle Market Development (2030-2070)
• Table 241. Thorium Deployment Strategies by Region
• Table 242. Long-Lived Actinides in Spent Nuclear Fuel
• Table 243. Actinide Transmutation Technologies
• Table 244.Technical Requirements for Actinide Burning
• Table 245. Actinide Burning Development Programs
• Table 246. Transmutation Deployment Scenarios
• Table 247. Actinide Burning Infrastructure Investment (2030-2070)
• Table 248. AI Applications in Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design
• Table 249. AI Design Optimization Domains
• Table 250. Levels of Reactor Autonomy
• Table 251. AI in Nuclear - Active Programs (2024-2025)
• Table 252. AI Regulatory Framework Development
• Table 253. AI in Nuclear Market Value (2025-2060)
• Table 254. Quantum Computing Applications in Nuclear Energy
• Table 255. Quantum Computing Hardware Development
• Table 256. Quantum Computing Pilot Programs for Nuclear (2024-2026)
• Table 257. Classical vs. Quantum Digital Twins
• Table 258. Key Quantum Algorithms and Nuclear Applications
• Table 259. Quantum Computing in Nuclear Market Projections
• Table 260. Quantum Computing Barriers for Nuclear Applications
• Table 261. Nuclear Hydrogen Production Technologies
• Table 262. Reactor-Hydrogen Production Compatibility
• Table 263. Nuclear-Hydrogen Integration Projects (2024-2025)
• Table 264. Nuclear-Hydrogen Market Projections (2030-2060)
• Table 265. Nuclear Hydrogen End-Use Markets
• Table 266. Nuclear-Hydrogen Integration Models
• Table 267. Industrial Process Heat Requirements
• Table 268. Nuclear Reactor Suitability for Industrial Applications
• Table 269. Nuclear-Industry Process Heat Projects
• Table 270. Industrial Process Heat Economics - Nuclear vs. Fossil
• Table 271. Integrated Industrial Energy Park Concept (Illustrative Example)
• Table 272. Industrial Process Heat Market Projections (2030-2060)
• Table 273. Industrial Decarbonization via Nuclear by Region
• Table 274. Industrial Nuclear Heat Integration Challenges
• Table 275. Multi-Product Nuclear Energy Center Outputs
• Table 276. Multi-Product Energy Center Configurations
• Table 277. Integrated Nuclear Energy Complex - Technical Specifications (2040 Scenario)
• Table 278. Multi-Product Revenue Streams and Optimization (2040 Scenario)
• Table 279. Real-Time Energy Product Optimization Strategies
• Table 280. Multi-Product Energy Centers - Deployment Projections (2030-2065)
• Table 281. Technologies Enabling Multi-Product Centers
• Table 282. Technology Readiness and Commercialization Timeline Summary
• Table 283. Cumulative Market Value by Technology Area (2025-2060, $ Billions)

List of Figures

• Figure 1. Schematic of Small Modular Reactor (SMR) operation
• Figure 2. Linglong One
• Figure 3. Nuclear reactor desings
• Figure 4. Rolls-Royce SMR design
• Figure 5. Pressurized Water Reactors
• Figure 6. CAREM reactor
• Figure 7. Westinghouse Nuclear AP300(TM) Small Modular Reactor
• Figure 8. Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR-300) schematic
• Figure 9. GE Hitachi's BWRX-300
• Figure 10. The nuclear island of HTR-PM Demo
• Figure 11. U-Battery schematic
• Figure 12. TerraPower's Natrium
• Figure 13. Russian BREST-OD-300
• Figure 14. Terrestrial Energy's IMSR
• Figure 15. Moltex Energy's SSR
• Figure 16. Westinghouse's eVinci
• Figure 17. GE Hitachi PRISM
• Figure 18. Leadcold SEALER
• Figure 19. SCWR schematic
• Figure 20. SWOT Analysis of the SMR Market
• Figure 21. Nuclear SMR Value Chain
• Figure 22. Global SMR Capacity Forecast, 2025-2045
• Figure 23. SMR Market Penetration in Different Energy Sectors
• Figure 24. SMR Fuel Cycle Diagram
• Figure 25. Power plant with small modular reactors
• Figure 26. Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System Configurations
• Figure 27. Technical Readiness Levels of Different SMR Technologies
• Figure 28. Technology Roadmap (2025-2045)
• Figure 29. NuScale Power VOYGR(TM) SMR Power Plant Design
• Figure 30. China's HTR-PM Demonstration Project Layout
• Figure 31. Russia's Floating Nuclear Power Plant Schematic
• Figure 32. ARC-100 sodium-cooled fast reactor
• Figure 33. ACP100 SMR
• Figure 34. Deep Fission pressurised water reactor schematic
• Figure 35. NUWARD SMR design
• Figure 36. A rendering image of NuScale Power's SMR plant
• Figure 37. Oklo Aurora Powerhouse reactor
• Figure 38. Multiple LDR-50 unit plant
• Figure 39. AP300(TM) Small Modular Reactor
• Figure 40. The fusion energy process
• Figure 41. A fusion power plant
• Figure 42. Experimentally inferred Lawson parameters
• Figure 43. ITER nuclear fusion reactor
• Figure 44. Comparing energy density and CO2 emissions of major energy sources
• Figure 45. Timeline and Development Phases
• Figure 46. Schematic of a D-T fusion reaction
• Figure 47. Comparison of conventional tokamak and spherical tokamak
• Figure 48. Interior of the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator
• Figure 49. Wendelstein 7-X plasma and layer of magnets
• Figure 50. Z-pinch device
• Figure 51. Sandia National Laboratory's Z Machine
• Figure 52. ZAP Energy sheared-flow stabilized Z-pinch
• Figure 53. Kink instability
• Figure 54. Helion's fusion generator
• Figure 55. Tokamak schematic
• Figure 56. SWOT Analysis of Conventional and Spherical Tokamak Approaches
• Figure 57. Roadmap for Commercial Tokamak Fusion
• Figure 58. SWOT Analysis of Stellarator Approach
• Figure 59. SWOT Analysis of FRC Technology
• Figure 60. SWOT Analysis of ICF for Commercial Power
• Figure 61. SWOT Analysis of Magnetized Target Fusion
• Figure 62. Magnetized Target Fusion (MTF) Roadmap
• Figure 63. SWOT Analysis of Z-Pinch Reactors
• Figure 64. SWOT Analysis and Timeline Projections for Pulsed Magnetic Fusion
• Figure 65. SWOT Analysis of HTS for Fusion
• Figure 66. Value Chain for Breeder Blanket Materials
• Figure 67. Lithium-6 isotope separation requirements
• Figure 68. Commercial Deployment Timeline Projections
• Figure 69. Commonwealth Fusion Systems (CFS) Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC)
• Figure 70. General Fusion reactor plasma injector
• Figure 71. Helion Polaris device
• Figure 72. Novatron's nuclear fusion reactor design
• Figure 73. Realta Fusion Tandem Mirror Reactor
• Figure 74. Proxima Fusion Stellaris fusion plant
• Figure 75. ZAP Energy Fusion Core
• Figure 76. Liquid-Fluoride Thorium Reactor schematic