Liquid Biopsy Market - Global Liquid Biopsy Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast 2025-2032 - (By Biomarker, By Source, By Clinical Application,By Indication, By Geographic Coverage and By Company)

Description

The global Liquid Biopsy Market is entering a new phase of accelerated growth as healthcare systems worldwide prioritize minimally invasive diagnostic tools that support early cancer detection and personalized treatment strategies. Rapid technological advancements in genomics and biomarker analysis are reshaping modern diagnostic practices. The industry is expected to expand from USD 9.1 billion in 2025 to USD 18.05 billion by 2032, registering a healthy CAGR of 10.28%. With wider clinical application, higher adoption in oncology, and strong research momentum, liquid biopsy continues to strengthen its position as a preferred alternative to conventional tissue biopsy.

Market Insights

Liquid biopsy has become one of the most promising advancements in precision diagnostics due to its ability to extract key disease information from circulating biomarkers without requiring surgical procedures. This approach offers real-time visibility into cancer progression, mutation changes, and treatment resistance. Ongoing breakthroughs in circulating tumour DNA profiling, cell-free RNA detection, and exosome-based diagnostics are enabling more comprehensive and sensitive testing. As the accuracy of multi-omics platforms improves, liquid biopsy is increasingly being used for screening, therapy selection, recurrence monitoring, and minimal residual disease assessment.

Growing clinical evidence supporting improved outcomes through early diagnosis and mutation-guided therapy is accelerating global adoption. The market is benefiting from increased integration of liquid biopsy with next-generation sequencing workflows, advancing the shift toward personalized oncology. Coupled with rising accessibility, reduced test turnaround time, and expanding clinical trial inclusion, liquid biopsy continues to gain relevance in both clinical practice and pharmaceutical R&D.

Drivers

Several fundamental drivers are shaping demand across the Liquid Biopsy Market:

Rising global incidence of cancer increases the need for early detection and continuous disease monitoring.
Preference for non-invasive and patient-friendly diagnostic procedures boosts shift from traditional tissue biopsies.
Advancements in multi-omics, digital PCR, and NGS technologies improve detection sensitivity and assay precision.
Expanding use of targeted therapies and immunotherapies strengthens demand for genomic insights before and during treatment.
Growing emphasis on real-time treatment response evaluation fuels use of circulating biomarkers.
Healthcare digitization and AI-supported genomic interpretation expand access to advanced diagnostics across diverse care settings.

Business Opportunity

The Liquid Biopsy Market offers substantial opportunities for innovation and strategic expansion. Companies are investing heavily in multi-cancer early detection (MCED) tests designed to identify multiple tumour types from a single blood sample. Partnerships between diagnostics developers, pharmaceutical companies, and academic institutions continue to accelerate the development of high-performance assays. Rising demand for cost-efficient testing solutions in emerging economies presents avenues for scaling decentralized diagnostics. Additionally, emerging uses in non-oncology segments-such as transplant monitoring, prenatal testing, and infectious disease management-are opening new growth corridors for industry participants.

Commercialization of advanced sequencing tools, growth of biobanks, and improving reimbursement structures in developed markets are also expected to support accelerated adoption. As precision medicine gains wider global traction, opportunities will expand for test manufacturers, data analytics firms, and genomics-based healthcare providers.

Region Analysis

North America currently leads the global market due to strong technological adoption, availability of advanced testing platforms, and accelerated research programs in precision oncology. The presence of leading biotechnology companies and well-established reimbursement frameworks further supports strong regional growth.

Europe follows as a major contributor, driven by rising clinical acceptance of non-invasive diagnostics, collaborative research activities, and supportive regulatory initiatives. Increasing government involvement in population-level cancer screening programs continues to strengthen the region's market presence.

Asia Pacific is emerging as the fastest-growing region, supported by expanding healthcare infrastructure, rising cancer prevalence, and growing investment from both domestic and international diagnostic companies. The region's large patient pool, rapid urbanization, and increasing awareness of early cancer diagnosis contribute significantly to market acceleration.

Latin America and the Middle East & Africa are witnessing steady progress, driven by improving access to diagnostic technologies, expanding specialty healthcare facilities, and growing partnerships with global market leaders. Efforts to modernize healthcare delivery and increase cancer screening participation continue to support adoption in these regions.

Key Players

Guardant Health, Inc.
Grail (Illumina, Inc.)
ANGLE plc
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd.
Invitae Corporation
Myriad Genetics, Inc.
Qiagen N.V.
Exact Sciences Corporation
MDxHealth SA
Sysmex Inostics
Biocept, Inc.
NeoGenomics, Inc.
Exosome Diagnostics, Inc.
Personal Genome Diagnostics, Inc.
Menarini-Silicon Biosystems
Agena Bioscience, Inc.
MedGenome Inc.
Epigenomics AG
Natera, Inc.
Vortex Biosciences, Inc.

Global Liquid Biopsy Market Segmentation

By Biomarker

Circulating Tumour Cells
Circulating Tumour DNA
Circulating free DNA
Circulating Cell free RNA
Exomes
Other

By Source

Blood
Urine
Other

By Clinical Application

Diagnosis & Screening
Treatment Selection
Treatment Monitoring
Recurrence Monitoring

By Indication

Lung Cancer
Breast Cancer
Prostate Cancer
Colorectal Cancer
Other Cancers
Non-Oncology

By Region

North America
Europe
Asia Pacific
Latin America
Middle East & Africa

1. Executive Summary

1.1. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032 (US$ Bn)
1.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Incremental Opportunity, 2025 - 2032 (US$ Bn)
1.3. Key Industry Trends

2. Market Overview

2.1. Market Definitions and Segmentations
2.2. Market Dynamics
- 2.2.1. Market Drivers
- 2.2.2. Market Threats
- 2.2.3. Market Opportunities
2.3. Regulatory Framework
2.4. COVID-19 Impact Analysis

3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032

3.1. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Biomarker, 2019-2032
- 3.1.1. Key Highlights
- 3.1.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 3.1.2.1. Circulating Tumor Cells
  - 3.1.2.2. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Cells
  - 3.1.2.3. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA)
  - 3.1.2.4. Circulating cell free RNA (cfRNA)
  - 3.1.2.5. Exomes
  - 3.1.2.6. Others
- 3.1.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 3.1.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 - 2032
3.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Source, 2019-2032
- 3.2.1. Key Highlights
- 3.2.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 3.2.2.1. Blood
  - 3.2.2.2. Urine
  - 3.2.2.3. Other
- 3.2.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 3.2.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 - 2032
3.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Clinical Application, 2019-2032
- 3.3.1. Key Highlights
- 3.3.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 3.3.2.1. Diagnosis & Screening
  - 3.3.2.2. Treatment Selection
  - 3.3.2.3. Treatment Monitoring
  - 3.3.2.4. Recurrence Monitoring
- 3.3.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 3.3.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 - 2032
3.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Indication, 2019-2032
- 3.4.1. Key Highlights
- 3.4.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Indication, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 3.4.2.1. Lung Cancer
  - 3.4.2.2. Breast Cancer
  - 3.4.2.3. Prostate Cancer
  - 3.4.2.4. Colorectal Cancer
  - 3.4.2.5. Other Cancers
  - 3.4.2.6. Non-Oncology
- 3.4.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 3.4.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 - 2032
3.5. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Region, 2019-2032
- 3.5.1. Key Highlights
- 3.5.2. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Region, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 3.5.2.1. North America
  - 3.5.2.2. Europe
  - 3.5.2.3. Asia Pacific
  - 3.5.2.4. Rest of the World
- 3.5.3. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Region, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 3.5.4. Global Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Region, Value, 2025 - 2032

4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032

4.1. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Country, 2019-2032
- 4.1.1. Key Highlights
- 4.1.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.1.2.1. U.S.
  - 4.1.2.2. Canada
- 4.1.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 4.1.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 - 2032
4.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, 2019-2032
- 4.2.1. Key Highlights
- 4.2.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.2.2.1. Circulating Tumor Cells
  - 4.2.2.2. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Cells
  - 4.2.2.3. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA)
  - 4.2.2.4. Circulating cell free RNA (cfRNA)
  - 4.2.2.5. Exomes
  - 4.2.2.6. Others
- 4.2.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 4.2.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 - 2032
4.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, 2019-2032
- 4.3.1. Key Highlights
- 4.3.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.3.2.1. Blood
  - 4.3.2.2. Urine
  - 4.3.2.3. Other
- 4.3.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 4.3.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 - 2032
4.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Clinical Application, 2019-2032
- 4.4.1. Key Highlights
- 4.4.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.4.2.1. Diagnosis & Screening
  - 4.4.2.2. Treatment Selection
  - 4.4.2.3. Treatment Monitoring
  - 4.4.2.4. Recurrence Monitoring
- 4.4.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 4.4.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 - 2032
4.5. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Indication, 2019-2032
- 4.5.1. Key Highlights
- 4.5.2. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Indication, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 4.5.2.1. Lung Cancer
  - 4.5.2.2. Breast Cancer
  - 4.5.2.3. Prostate Cancer
  - 4.5.2.4. Colorectal Cancer
  - 4.5.2.5. Other Cancers
  - 4.5.2.6. Non-Oncology
- 4.5.3. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 4.5.4. North America Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 - 2032

5. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032

5.1. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Country, 2019-2032
- 5.1.1. Key Highlights
- 5.1.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.1.2.1. U.K.
  - 5.1.2.2. France
  - 5.1.2.3. Germany
  - 5.1.2.4. Italy
  - 5.1.2.5. Spain
  - 5.1.2.6. Rest of Europe
- 5.1.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 5.1.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 - 2032
5.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 5.2.1. Key Highlights
- 5.2.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.2.2.1. Circulating Tumor Cells
  - 5.2.2.2. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Cells
  - 5.2.2.3. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA)
  - 5.2.2.4. Circulating cell free RNA (cfRNA)
  - 5.2.2.5. Exomes
  - 5.2.2.6. Others
- 5.2.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 5.2.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 - 2032
5.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Source, 2019-2032
- 5.3.1. Key Highlights
- 5.3.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.3.2.1. Blood
  - 5.3.2.2. Urine
  - 5.3.2.3. Other
- 5.3.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 5.3.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 - 2032
5.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Clinical Application, 2019-2032
- 5.4.1. Key Highlights
- 5.4.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.4.2.1. Diagnosis & Screening
  - 5.4.2.2. Treatment Selection
  - 5.4.2.3. Treatment Monitoring
  - 5.4.2.4. Recurrence Monitoring
- 5.4.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 5.4.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 - 2032
5.5. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Indication, 2019-2032
- 5.5.1. Key Highlights
- 5.5.2. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Indication, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 5.5.2.1. Lung Cancer
  - 5.5.2.2. Breast Cancer
  - 5.5.2.3. Prostate Cancer
  - 5.5.2.4. Colorectal Cancer
  - 5.5.2.5. Other Cancers
  - 5.5.2.6. Non-Oncology
- 5.5.3. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 5.5.4. Europe Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 - 2032

6. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032

6.1. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Country, 2019-2032
- 6.1.1. Key Highlights
- 6.1.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.1.2.1. India
  - 6.1.2.2. Japan
  - 6.1.2.3. China
  - 6.1.2.4. Australia
  - 6.1.2.5. Rest of Asia Pacific
- 6.1.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 6.1.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 - 2032
6.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
- 6.2.1. Key Highlights
- 6.2.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.2.2.1. Circulating Tumor Cells
  - 6.2.2.2. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Cells
  - 6.2.2.3. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA)
  - 6.2.2.4. Circulating cell free RNA (cfRNA)
  - 6.2.2.5. Exomes
  - 6.2.2.6. Others
- 6.2.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 6.2.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 - 2032
6.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Source, 2019-2032
- 6.3.1. Key Highlights
- 6.3.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.3.2.1. Blood
  - 6.3.2.2. Urine
  - 6.3.2.3. Other
- 6.3.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 6.3.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 - 2032
6.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Clinical Application, 2019-2032
- 6.4.1. Key Highlights
- 6.4.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.4.2.1. Diagnosis & Screening
  - 6.4.2.2. Treatment Selection
  - 6.4.2.3. Treatment Monitoring
  - 6.4.2.4. Recurrence Monitoring
- 6.4.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 6.4.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 - 2032
6.5. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Indication, 2019-2032
- 6.5.1. Key Highlights
- 6.5.2. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Indication, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 6.5.2.1. Lung Cancer
  - 6.5.2.2. Breast Cancer
  - 6.5.2.3. Prostate Cancer
  - 6.5.2.4. Colorectal Cancer
  - 6.5.2.5. Other Cancers
  - 6.5.2.6. Non-Oncology
- 6.5.3. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 6.5.4. Asia Pacific Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 - 2032

7. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, 2019-2032

7.1. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Country, 2019-2032
- 7.1.1. Key Highlights
- 7.1.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Country, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.1.2.1. Latin America
  - 7.1.2.2. Middle East & Africa
- 7.1.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 7.1.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Country, Value, 2025 - 2032
7.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, 2019-2032
- 7.2.1. Key Highlights
- 7.2.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Biomarker, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.2.2.1. Circulating Tumor Cells
  - 7.2.2.2. Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Cells
  - 7.2.2.3. Circulating free DNA (cfDNA)
  - 7.2.2.4. Circulating cell free RNA (cfRNA)
  - 7.2.2.5. Exomes
  - 7.2.2.6. Others
- 7.2.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 7.2.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Biomarker, Value, 2025 - 2032
7.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Source, 2019-2032
- 7.3.1. Key Highlights
- 7.3.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.3.2.1. Blood
  - 7.3.2.2. Urine
  - 7.3.2.3. Other
- 7.3.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 7.3.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Source, Value, 2025 - 2032
7.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Clinical Application, 2019-2032
- 7.4.1. Key Highlights
- 7.4.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Source, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.4.2.1. Diagnosis & Screening
  - 7.4.2.2. Treatment Selection
  - 7.4.2.3. Treatment Monitoring
  - 7.4.2.4. Recurrence Monitoring
- 7.4.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 7.4.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Clinical Application, Value, 2025 - 2032
7.5. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, By Indication, 2019-2032
- 7.5.1. Key Highlights
- 7.5.2. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Outlook, by Indication, Value (US$ Bn), 2019-2032
  - 7.5.2.1. Lung Cancer
  - 7.5.2.2. Breast Cancer
  - 7.5.2.3. Prostate Cancer
  - 7.5.2.4. Colorectal Cancer
  - 7.5.2.5. Other Cancers
  - 7.5.2.6. Non-Oncology
- 7.5.3. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Share and BPS Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 and 2032
- 7.5.4. Rest of the World Liquid Biopsy Market Attractiveness Analysis, by Indication, Value, 2025 - 2032

8. Competitive Landscape

8.1. Heat Map Analysis
8.2. Company Profiles
- 8.2.1. Guardant Health, Inc.
  - 8.2.1.1. Company Overview
  - 8.2.1.2. Financial Performance
  - 8.2.1.3. Product Portfolio
  - 8.2.1.4. Pipeline Analysis

Above details will include, but not be limited to below list of companies based on availability

8.2.2. ANGLE plc
8.2.3. Grail LLC (subsidiary of Illumina)
8.2.4. Invitae Corporation
8.2.5. Biocept, Inc.
8.2.6. F. Hoffman La Roche
8.2.7. Vortex Biosciences
8.2.8. Natera, Inc.
8.2.9. Others

9. Appendix

9.1. Research Methodology
9.2. Report Specific Research Approach