AI in Asia-Pacific's Digital Payments and E-Commerce 2025: Adoption, Competitiveness, and Governance

Description

Asia-Pacific's Digital Payments and E-Commerce Markets Advance as AI Adoption Accelerates, While Governance and Readiness Gaps Shape Competitive Outcomes in 2025

AI adoption lifts digital payments and E-Commerce, driven by China and high-growth markets

AI is reshaping payments and E-Commerce across Asia-Pacific, led by China and fast-expanding emerging markets such as India and Southeast Asia. By 2025, consumers increasingly use AI for product discovery, customer support, and digital transactions, supporting platform efficiency. In China, over 80% of decision-makers reported using Generative AI by July 2024.

Emerging markets accelerate, while advanced economies move at a steadier pace

Asia-Pacific's rapid digital growth contrasts with uneven AI maturity across countries. Japan, South Korea, and Australia advance more cautiously due to regulatory, workforce, and corporate adoption factors. By January 2025, around half of individuals in Japan used AI regularly, compared with over 90% in India.

Rising competitiveness coincides with skills, data, and infrastructure barriers

Companies across payments, retail, and financial services increasingly rely on AI to strengthen competitiveness and efficiency. However, talent gaps, data governance challenges, and infrastructure constraints persist, especially in less-ready markets. By 2027, firms in Southeast Asia expect AI and GenAI to lower total costs by 7-9%.

Product Code: 1707

1. Key Takeaways

2. Management Summary

3. AI Adoption Landscape & Regional Patterns

3.1. APAC: Adoption Benchmarks
- 3.1.1. Regional
- Asia: Adoption of AI Systems by Country, in % of Resp. Reporting Regular Use, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- SEA: Share of E-Commerce Sellers by Level of AI Adoption, in % of Resp., February 2025
- SEA: Claimed vs Actual AI Adoption Rates by E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Respond., 2025
- 3.1.2. Country Spotlights
- China: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: Generative AI Adoption, in % of Respondents, July 2024
- China: Generative AI Implementation in Organizations, in % of Respondents, July 2024
- Japan: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: AI Market Value Growth, in USD billions, 2024 & 2033f
- Japan: Generative AI Market Demand, in USD billions, 2023 & 2025 & 2030f
- South Korea: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Indonesia: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- Australia: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Thailand: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- Malaysia: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- Philippines: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- Vietnam: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- Singapore: AI Adoption by Tool Type Among E-Commerce Sellers, in % of Resp. Using Each Tool, Feb. 2025
- New Zealand: Adoption of AI, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
3.2. Seller Segmentation & Barriers
- 3.2.1. Regional
- Asia: Perception of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents by Country, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- SEA: Seller Perceptions of AI Benefits, in % of Respondents, February 2025
- SEA: Barriers to AI Adoption Among Online Sellers, in % of Respondents, February 2025
- SEA: Share of AI Adepts by Country, in % of E-Commerce Sellers, February 2025
- SEA: Share of AI Agnostics by Country, in % of E-Commerce Sellers, February 2025
- SEA: Share of AI Aspirants by Country, in % of E-Commerce Sellers, February 2025
- SEA: Key Areas to Improve Seller Experience Among AI Agnostics, in % of E-Com. Sellers, Feb. 2025
- SEA: Key Areas to Improve Seller Experience Among AI Aspirants, in % of E-Com. Sellers, Feb. 2025
- SEA: Key Areas to Improve Seller Experience Among AI Adepts, in % of E-Com. Sellers, Feb. 2025
- 3.2.2. Country Spotlights
- China: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Selective or Wide Use of AI in Financial Reporting, in % of Organizations, Apr 2024 & Sep 2024
- South Korea: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- India: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Australia: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Taiwan: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- New Zealand: Top Barriers About Risks Associated with AI Use and Implementation, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024

4. Functional Use Cases & Economic Impact

4.1. E-Commerce Seller Operations
- 4.1.1. Regional
- SEA: AI Adoption by Business Function and Readiness Group, in % of Functions, Feb. 2025
- SEA: AI Tool Usage, Functional Adoption Levels, and Seller Readiness by Market, 2025
- SEA: Share of E-Commerce Sellers Using Selected AI Tools, in % of Resp., February 2025
- APAC: Consumer Usage of Offline, Digital, & AI Channels for Product Discovery, in % of Resp., 2024
- APAC: Consumer Usage of Offline, Digital, & AI Channels for Product Research, in % of Resp., 2024
- SEA: Enablers of AI Adoption in E-Commerce and Digital Payments, April 2025
- SEA: Average Cost Reduction from AI/GenAI, in % of Total Costs, 2023 & 2027
- SEA: Average Revenue Growth from AI/GenAI, in % Revenue Growth, 2023 & 2027

Country Spotlights

China: AI Integration Across E-Commerce, Payments, and B2B Platforms via Leading Tech Ecosys., Nov 2025
China: AI Agent Expansion in Commerce, Shifting Consumer Behavior, and "AI Plus" Policy Support, Nov 2025
China: AI Integration in Search, Social Networking, and Virtual Interaction Platforms, Oct 2025
China: Generative AI Adoption, Retail Efficiency Gains, and Strategic Platform Investment, Nov 2025
China: Practical Use of Generative AI Shopping Tools Among Early-Adopting Consumers, Aug 2024
Japan: Use of AI Tools for Personalised Shopping, Visual Search, and Inventory Optimisation, Oct 2025
Japan: Use of AI Recommendation Engines, Chatbots, and Predictive Marketing in E-Commerce, Oct 2025

4.2. Payments & FinTech Use Cases
- 4.2.1. Regional
- Asia: AI Applications in Credit Inclusion, Finance Automation, and Procurement Innovation, April 2025
- Asia: AI-Driven Cloud Banking, Investment Analytics, and Vertical B2B Financial Solutions, April 2025
- APAC: AI Integration, Stablecoin Cards, Tokenised Transfers, and Micro-Merchant Access, June 2025
- 4.2.2. Country Spotlights
- China & Hong Kong: PBoC "AI + Finance" Strategy, FinTech Week Highlights, and LianLian AI Solutions, Nov 2025
- China & Hong Kong: CEO Reports of Efficiency Gains from AI Adoption, in % of Respondents, 2025
- China & Hong Kong: CEO Reports of Profitability Improvements from AI Adoption, in % of Respondents, 2025
- China: CEO Reports of Job Growth Resulting from Generative AI Adoption, in % of Respondents, 2025
- China: AI Integration Across Finance, Payments, and Commerce Platforms with Built-In Governance, Nov 2025
- China: AI Deployment in Search Engines, Enterprise Platforms, and Digital Payment Ecosystems, Oct 2025
- China: Conversational AI Payments, Merchant Integration, Alipay's Digital Service Expansion, Oct 2025
- China: AI Smart Glasses Payments, Voice Authentication Technology, and Global E-Wallet Expansion, Nov 2025
- Japan: Application of AI in Fraud Detection, Personalised Banking, and Automated Payment Operations, Oct 2025
- Japan: AI in QR Fraud Prevention, Customer Experience, and Financial Ecosystem Innovation, Oct 2025
- Hong Kong & Global: CEO Reports of Efficiency Gains from AI Adoption, in % of Resp., 2025
- Hong Kong & Global: CEO Reports of Profitability Improvements from AI Adoption, in % of Resp., 2025

5. Risk Management, Trust & Security

5.1. Fraud & Threat Trends

5.1.1. Regional

SEA: Year-over-Year Increase in AI-linked Fraud Rate, in %, 2024
APAC: Synthetic Identity Fraud, Deepfakes, Verification Gaps and Country Trends in FinTech, 2025
5.1.2. Country Spotlights
China: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
China: DeepSeek Model, Generative AI Expansion, Cyber Threats, and Data-Privacy Risks, Oct 2025
China: Integration of Screen-Aware AI Agents, Data Access Permissions, and Privacy Gover. Gaps, Oct 2025
China: AI Adoption Among Elderly Users and Integration in Fraud Prevention Programs, Oct 2025
Japan: Rise of AI-Enhanced Ransomware, Phishing, and Financial Platform Attacks, Oct 2025
Japan: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
South Korea: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
India: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
Australia: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
Taiwan: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
New Zealand: Top Concerns About Risks Associated with AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024

5.2. Detection Tools & Risk Models
- SEA: AI Detection with 80%+ False Positives, Generative AI for Alerts and Support, 2024
- SEA: Risk-Scoring Models, Network Analytics, and Data-Sharing Efforts, 2024
- APAC: AI in Fraud Detection, Real-Time Payment Security, and Biometric Authentication, July 2025
- APAC: AI-Driven Enterprise Fraud Management, Identity Verification, and Integration Challenges, July 2025
5.3. Trust & Readiness
- 5.3.1. Regional
- Asia: Intentional Use and Trust of AI at Work by Country, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Asia: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems by Country, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- APAC: Consumers' AI Trust by Activity Type, in % of Respondents, 2024
- 5.3.2. Country Spotlights
- China & Hong Kong: CEO Trust in Integrating AI into Core Business Processes, in % of Respondents, 2025
- China: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- China: Share of Third-Party Partnerships on AI Skills Gaps for Ethical and Compliant AI Use, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Public Awareness of Artificial Intelligence, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Japan: Attitudes Toward the Rise of AI in Daily Life, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Japan: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Share of Organizations Upskilling Staff for Ethical and Compliant AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Public Trust in National AI Regulation Effectiveness, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- South Korea: Public Awareness of Artificial Intelligence, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- South Korea: Attitudes Toward the Rise of AI in Daily Life, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- South Korea: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- South Korea: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- South Korea: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- South Korea: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- South Korea: Share of Organizations with External Hiring for AI Ethics and Compliance Skill Gaps, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- South Korea: Public Trust in National AI Regulation Effectiveness, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- India: Public Awareness of Artificial Intelligence, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- India: Attitudes Toward the Rise of AI in Daily Life, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- India: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Levels of GenAI Strategy Development Among Enterprises, in % of Respondents, 2025
- India: Distribution of Enterprises by Stage of GenAI Platform Integration and Architecture Maturity, in % of Respondents, 2025
- India: Enterprise Data Platform Maturity for GenAI Enablement, in % of Respondents, 2025
- India: Enterprise Workforce Readiness for GenAI Deployment, in % of Respondents, 2025
- India: Enterprise Decision-Making Maturity for GenAI Implementation Models, in % of Respondents, 2025
- India: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- India: Share of Organizations with External Hiring for AI Ethics and Compliance Skill Gaps, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- India: Public Trust in National AI Regulation Effectiveness, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Australia: Public Awareness of Artificial Intelligence, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Australia: Attitudes Toward the Rise of AI in Daily Life, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Australia: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Australia: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Australia: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Australia: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Australia: Share of Organizations Upskilling Staff for Ethical and Compliant AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Australia: Public Trust in National AI Regulation Effectiveness, in % of Respondents, Jan 2025 - Apr 2025
- Taiwan: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Taiwan: Share of Organizations with External Hiring for AI Ethics and Compliance Skill Gaps, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- Hong Kong & Global: CEO Trust in Integrating AI into Core Business Processes, in % of Resp., 2025
- New Zealand: Trust and Acceptance of AI Systems, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- New Zealand: Views of AI Benefits Over Risks, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- New Zealand: Regular Use and Trust of AI at Work, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- New Zealand: Share of Employees with Required AI Skills and Capabilities for Ethical and Legal AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
- New Zealand: Share of Third-Party Partnerships on AI Skills Gaps for Ethical and Compliant AI Use, in % of Resp., Sep - Oct 2024
5.4. Regulation & Compliance
- 5.4.1. Regional
- Asia: Cyber Defence, Identity Risk Management and Compliance Automation via AI, April 2025
- APAC: Financial Crime Regulation, Synthetic Identity Laundering, and AI Compliance Strategy, July 2025
- 5.4.2. Country Spotlights
- China: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- China: National AI Roadmap, Industry Standards System, and Multi-Level Governance Structure, Nov 2025
- China: National Crackdown on Deepfakes, AI Fraud, and Unregistered Platforms, Oct 2025
- China: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- Japan: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Japan: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- South Korea: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- South Korea: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- South Korea: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- India: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- India: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- Australia: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Australia: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- Australia: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- Taiwan: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024
- New Zealand: Views on the Need for AI Regulation, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- New Zealand: Adequacy of AI Regulation and Laws for Safe Use, in % of Respondents, Nov 2024 - Jan 2025
- New Zealand: Top Expected Benefits of Effective AI Governance, in % of Respondents, Sep - Oct 2024

6. Competitive Landscape & Strategic AI Movement

6.1. Market Scale & Activity
- 6.1.1. Regional
- Asia: Funding for AI-Driven FinTech Companies, in USD billions, 2023-2025f
- Asia: Number of AI-Driven FinTech Companies, in thous., in % of Total FinTech Comp., 2023, 2025e
- Asia: Top Countries of AI FinTech Companies, in % of Total AI FinTech Companies, 2025
- 6.1.2. Country Spotlights
- China & Hong Kong: CEO Reports of Workforce Changes from AI Adoption, in % of Respondents, 2025
- China & Hong Kong: CEO Expectations for AI Integration in Workforce and Skills in Next 3 Years, in % of Respondents, 2025
- Japan: AI Market Value, Sectoral Adoption, and Governance Framework under the 2025 AI Promotion Act, Oct 2025
- Hong Kong & Global: CEO Reports of Workforce Changes from AI Adoption, in % of Resp., 2025
- Hong Kong & Global: CEO Expect. for AI Integration in Workforce and Skills in Next 3 Years, in % of Resp., 2025
6.2. Strategic Moves by Key Players
- 6.2.1. Regional
- Asia: Cross-Border Integration, Market Entry, Strategic Exit and Global Partnerships via Alipay+, 2024
- APAC: Visa AI Commerce, Mastercard Agent Pay, Shopper Trends, and Market Positioning, May 2025
- 6.2.2. Country Spotlights
- China: Alibaba's AI Investment Strategy, Cloud Expansion, and Platform Integration, Nov 2025
- China: Alibaba's AI Infrastructure Expansion, Nvidia Partnership, and Launch of Qwen3-Max and Qwen3-Omni, Nov 2025
- China: Alibaba's Global AI and Cloud Investments, Global Data Centers, and Industry Partnerships, Oct 2025
- China: Alibaba's AI-Driven Market Revival, Strategic Partnerships, and Investor Revaluation, Oct 2025
- China: Taobao and Tmall's Revenue Growth, AI-Powered User Expansion, and 88VIP Membership Retention, Nov 2025
- China: Expansion of Generative AI Advertising Across E-Commerce and Social Media Platforms, Nov 2025
- China: Alipay Tap!'s User Growth, SME Investment, and AI-Powered Healthcare Integration, Nov 2025
- China: Long-Context Chatbot Development, Model Scaling, and Generative AI Competition, Oct 2025
- China: Ling-1T Model Performance, AI Ecosystem Development, and Strategic Fintech Integration, Oct 2025
- China: Zhipu AI's GLM Architecture, Product Ecosystem, and Cross-Border Funding, Oct 2025

7. AI Governance, Regulation & Innovation Enablers

7.1. Public & Private Sector AI Initiatives
- 7.1.1. Regional
- Asia: Public & Private Drivers of AI Governance, Infrastructure and Experimentation in Finance, 2025
- Asia: AI Sandboxes and Capacity-Building Programs in Four Economies, 2025
- Asia: AI-Focused Regulatory Sandboxes and Innovation Hubs in Four Financial Markets, 2025 (1 of 2)
- Asia: AI-Focused Regulatory Sandboxes and Innovation Hubs in Four Financial Markets, 2025 (2 of 2)
- 7.1.2. Country Spotlights
- China: Expansion of AI Infrastructure, Data Centers, and Digital Yuan Systems, Nov 2025
- China: Computing Capacity, Data Growth, Sectoral AI Models, and Renewable Energy Expansion, Nov 2025
- China: AI in Manufacturing, Retail, and Energy Focused on Productivity and Green Innovation, Nov 2025
- China: Government Venture Funds, Subsidy Programs, and Uni.-Linked AI Innovation Networks, Oct 2025
- China: AI+ Strategy, Education and Data Initiatives, and Policy Priorities, Oct 2025
- China: Rapid AI Model Expansion, Rising Infrastructure Investment, and Labor Market Imbalance, Nov 2025
- Japan: Government Planning for Domestic AI Development, Infrastructure, and Economic Impact, Oct 2025
- Japan: AI Infrastructure, Skills Training, Research Collaboration, and Cybersecurity Cooperation, Oct 2025
- South Korea: Private AI Investment, Government Incentives, and Public-Private Funding Model, Oct 2025
- South Korea: AI Infrastructure Funding, Data Access, and Cluster Development, Oct 2025
- South Korea: GPU Expansion, National AI Computing Center Development, Domestic AI Chip Support, Oct 2025
7.2. AI Innovation Frameworks
- 7.2.1. Regional
- Asia: AI Innovation Facilitators, Financial Inclusion, Regulatory Insight and Risk Management, 2025
- Asia: Regulatory Frameworks for AI Innovation, Market Fit, Coordination, and Expertise, 2025
- Asia: Design, Resource, and Oversight Barriers of AI Innovation Facilitators in Financial Markets, 2025
- Asia: Development of AI Experimentation Platforms and Governance Across Multiple Sect., 2025 (1 of 2)
- Asia: Development of AI Experimentation Platforms and Governance Across Multiple Sect., 2025 (2 of 2)
- APAC: AI Strategy in Anti-Financial Crime, Predictive Capabilities, and Governance Priorities, July 2025
- SEA: Infrastructure, Talent, and Regulatory Barriers Impacting AI Adoption, April 2025
- SEA: Sectoral and Country-Level AI Contributions to Economic Growth, April 2025
- 7.2.2. Country Spotlights
- China: AI Research Output, Patent Leadership, and Data-Driven Innovation Expansion, Oct 2025
- China: Generative AI Adoption, Patent Leadership, and Automated Monitoring Use, Oct 2025
- China: Unified Computing System, Data Governance Frameworks, and Industrial AI Strategy, Oct 2025
- China: Data Generation, Accessibility, and Public-Private AI Collaboration, Oct 2025
- China: AI Talent Production, Retention, and Institutional Development, Oct 2025
- China: Generative-AI Leaders, Benchmark Gains, and Open-Source Model Growth, Oct 2025
- China: Fragmented AI Data Systems, Limited High-End Talent, and Uneven Industrial Integration, Nov 2025
- China: Integration of AI Development, Digital Currency Infrastructure, and Trade Systems, Oct 2025
- Japan: AI Promotion Act, Strategy Center, and Governance Framework for Responsible Innovation, Oct 2025
- Japan: AI Responsibilities, Ethical Guidelines, and Trust-Based Compliance in Digital Commerce, Oct 2025
- South Korea: National AI Master Plan, Presidential Oversight, Safety Institutions, and Budget-Aligned Subcommittees, Oct 2025
- South Korea: Mandatory AI Disclosure, Compute-Based Oversight, and Representation Requirements, Oct 2025
- South Korea: AI Documentation Duties, Compute-Based Oversight, and Disclosure Rules, Oct 2025